cauma ("k")noun "protection or shelter natural or otherwise, sc. against sun, or rain, or wind or against darts; shield" (PE17:108)
Primitive elvish
kaw
root. shelter
kawa
noun. shelter, house
thandā
noun. shield
palad
noun. plain
Quenya
cauma
protection or shelter natural or otherwise, sc. against sun, or rain, or wind or against darts; shield
cauma
noun. protection, shelter; shield
A noun formed as an instrumental of the root √KAW “shelter”, thus used “for any protection or shelter natural or otherwise, sc. against sun, or rain, or wind — or against darts. It was often used = shield” (PE17/108).
sanda
noun. shield
turma
shield
turma (1) noun "shield" (TURÚM).
umbas
shield
umbas (þ) noun "shield" (VT45:33)
lancöa
noun. tent, (lit.) cloth shelter
indo
house
indo (2) noun "house" (LT2:343), probably obsoleted by #1 above (in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for "house" appears as coa).
os
house, cottage
os (ost-) noun "house, cottage" (LT2:336; hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya writers may use coa or már)
varilë
protection
[varilë] noun "protection" (VT45:7)
varnë
protection
[varnë] (2) noun "protection" (BAR)
Noldorin
amath
noun. shield
amath
noun. shield
ambath
noun. shield
car
noun. house, building
car(dh)
noun. house, house, *construction, structure
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as car or carð with the gloss “house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. kar (kard-) was glossed “building, house”.
Neo-Sindarin: Given the meaning of its root, I would use cardh for any kind of building-like construction or structure for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. For an ordinary “house” where people live, I would use S. bâr.
cardh
noun. house, building
gobel
noun. walled house or village, town
lhad
noun. plain
tobas
noun. roofing, roof
Sindarin
thand
noun. shield
thand
noun. shield
caw
zyE noun. shelter, protection
A theoretical noun from supposed OS *kauma < KAW (the root of Q cauma 'id.', PE17/108).
amath
shield
(pl. emaith)
thand
shield
(noun) 1) thand, construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath; 2) amath (pl. emaith);
thand
shield
construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath
lad
noun. plain, valley
sennas
noun. guesthouse
thangail
noun. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
laden
plain
(adjective) laden (flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
plain
(flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
lâd
plain
(valley, lowland), construct lad, pl. laid
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
talath
plain
(noun) 1) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.
talath
plain
(i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.
thangail
shield wall, shield fence
. No distinct pl. form. *(UT:281) ***
Adûnaic
zadan
noun. house
A noun translated “house” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).
Telerin
cava
noun. house
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Early Noldorin
teloth
noun. plain, plain; [G.] roofing, canopy, shelter
A noun appearing as G. teloth in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss {“roofing, cover, shelter” >>} “roofing, canopy, shelter” derived from the root ᴱ√tel- “cover in” (GL/70). It was an element in the name G. Dor-na-Dhaideloth “[Land of] the Heaven Roof” (LT2/287). In the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s the element Deloth in this name was glossed “Plain” (LB/49). Both these meanings were later abandoned, and this name eventually became S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread” (WJ/183).
alch
noun. shield
bâr
noun. house
ladwen
noun. plain, plain, [G.] heath; levelness, flatness; plane; surface
A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “levelness, flatness; a plain, heath; plane; surface”, a more elaborate form of G. lad “a level, a flat” (GL/52). It reappeared in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s as an element in the name ᴱN. Loth-a-ladwen “Lily of the Plain” (LB/149), but there is no sign of it thereafter.
Gnomish
teloth
noun. roofing, canopy, shelter
baur
noun. house
bladwen
noun. plain
A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a plain” (GL/23), probably derived from the root ᴱ√PALA “flatness” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Palúrien; QL/071).
Early Quenya
alkar
noun. shield
indo
noun. house
A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).
palante
noun. plain
palume
noun. plain
Qenya
turma
noun. shield
umbas
noun. shield
landa
noun. plain
A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).
lanna
noun. plain
varile
noun. protection
Doriathrin
trum
noun. shield
A noun for “shield” derived from primitive ᴹ✶turumbē (Ety/TER), where the unstressed vowel in the first syllable vanished to produce the favored combination [tr], and later the [[ilk|[mb] simplified to [m]]] when this cluster became final.
Middle Primitive Elvish
turumbē
noun. shield
turumā
noun. shield
Middle Telerin
trumbe
noun. shield
Early Primitive Elvish
sōđā
noun. house
Rohirric
emnet
noun. plain
This root was primarily used as the basis for the word Q. coa “house”, which first appeared (without the root) in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369). The root √KAW “shelter” appeared in various etymological notes from the mid-to-late 1960s (PE17/107-108, 164; VT47/35). The root √KAWA also appeared in the 2nd version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa written around 1950, but there it was unglossed and had no glossed derivatives, so whether it meant “shelter” in the early 1950s is unclear.
The only published root with form similar to √KAWA prior to 1950 is ᴱ√KAẆA “stoop” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), also appearing as kava- or cava- in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/25, 27). The Ẇ is Tolkien’s usual representation of derivatives of ancient labialized velar spirants [ɣʷ] or [xʷ] (PE12/15-16). The derivatives of this root included words like ᴱQ. kauko/G. caug “humpback” and ᴱQ. kawa-/G. cam(m)a- “bow”, so it seems to have no connection to later √KAW other than its similarity in form.