sanda

noun. shield

Cognates

• S. thand “shield” ✧ UT/281

Derivations

• ✶thandā “shield” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• Q. sandastan “shield-barrier” ✧ UT/282

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶thandā > sanda	[tʰandā] > [θandā] > [θanda] > [sanda]	✧ UT/282

turma

shield

turma (1) noun "shield" (TURÚM).

umbas

shield

umbas (þ) noun "shield" (VT45:33)

cauma

noun. protection, shelter, shield

Variations

• kauma ✧ PE17/108

os

house, cottage

os (ost-) noun "house, cottage" (LT2:336; hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya writers may use coa or már)

indo

house

indo (2) noun "house" (LT2:343), probably obsoleted by #1 above (in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for "house" appears as coa).

varilë

protection

[varilë] noun "protection" (VT45:7)

varnë

protection

[varnë] (2) noun "protection" (BAR)

thand

noun. shield

thand

noun. shield

Cognates

• Q. sanda “shield” ✧ UT/281

Derivations

• ✶thandā “shield” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• S. thangail “shield-fence, shield-wall” ✧ UT/281

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶thandā > Than-	[tʰandā] > [tʰanda] > [θanda] > [θand] > [θann]	✧ UT/282

Variations

• Than- ✧ UT/281 (Than-)

sennas

noun. guesthouse

thangail

noun. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain

lad

noun. plain, valley

amath

shield

(pl. emaith)

thand

shield

(noun) 1) thand, construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath; 2) amath (pl. emaith);

thand

shield

construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath

caw

zyE noun. shelter, protection

A theoretical noun from supposed OS *kauma < KAW (the root of Q cauma 'id.', PE17/108).

thangail

shield wall, shield fence

. No distinct pl. form. *(UT:281) ***

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

laden

plain

(adjective) laden (flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

laden

plain

(flat,  wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

lâd

plain

(valley, lowland), construct lad, pl. laid

talath

plain

(noun) 1) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.

talath

plain

(i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.

cava

noun. house

Cognates

• Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body” ✧ WJ/369

Element in

• T. cavaria Olue “the house of him, Olwe” ✧ WJ/369

zadan

noun. house

A noun translated “house” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

kaw

root. shelter

This root was primarily used as the basis for the word Q. coa “house”, which first appeared (without the root) in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369). The root √KAW “shelter” appeared in various etymological notes from the mid-to-late 1960s (PE17/107-108, 164; VT47/35). The root √KAWA also appeared in the 2nd version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa written around 1950, but there it was unglossed and had no glossed derivatives, so whether it meant “shelter” in the early 1950s is unclear.

The only published root with form similar to √KAWA prior to 1950 is ᴱ√KAẆA “stoop” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), also appearing as kava- or cava- in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/25, 27). The Ẇ is Tolkien’s usual representation of derivatives of ancient labialized velar spirants [ɣʷ] or [xʷ] (PE12/15-16). The derivatives of this root included words like ᴱQ. kauko/G. caug “humpback” and ᴱQ. kawa-/G. cam(m)a- “bow”, so it seems to have no connection to later √KAW other than its similarity in form.

Derivatives

• ✶kawa “shelter, house” ✧ PE17/108; VT47/35
  • Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body” ✧ PE17/108; VT47/35
• ✶kā “home, house” ✧ VT47/35
• Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body” ✧ PE17/107; PE17/164

Element in

• Q. cauma “protection, shelter, shield” ✧ PE17/108

Variations

• KAWA ✧ PE18/082
• kāw(ɜ) ✧ VT47/35

kawa

noun. shelter, house

Derivations

• √KAW “shelter” ✧ PE17/108; VT47/35

Derivatives

• Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body” ✧ PE17/108; VT47/35

Variations

• kawā ✧ PE17/108

thandā

noun. shield

Derivatives

• Q. sanda “shield” ✧ UT/282
• S. thand “shield” ✧ UT/282

sot

root. shelter, protect, defend

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. sótë “refuge”

Element in

• ✶ostō “fortress or stronghold” ✧ WJ/414

Variations

• soto ✧ WJ/414

palad

noun. plain

Derivations

• √PAL “wide, broad, extended, wide, broad, extended; [ᴹ√] wide (open); [ᴱ√] flatness”

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. palar “flat field, ‘wang’, plain, plain, flat field, ‘wang’”

amath

noun. shield

amath

noun. shield

Cognates

• ᴹQ. umbas “shield” ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBAT(H) “screen, shield” ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Element in

• N. Orchelanath ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H) (Orchallamath)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MBAT(H) > ambath > amath	[ṃbatʰ] > [ambatʰ] > [ambaθ] > [ambaθ] > [ammaθ] > [amaθ]	✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

ambath

noun. shield

car(dh)

noun. house, house, *construction, structure

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as car or carð with the gloss “house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. kar (kard-) was glossed “building, house”.

Neo-Sindarin: Given the meaning of its root, I would use cardh for any kind of building-like construction or structure for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. For an ordinary “house” where people live, I would use S. bâr.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kar “building, house” ✧ Ety/KAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KAR > carð	[karda] > [kard] > [karð]	✧ Ety/KAR

Variations

• car ✧ Ety/KAR
• carð ✧ Ety/KAR

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town

car

noun. house, building

cardh

noun. house, building

lhad

noun. plain

Derivations

• ᴹ√LAT “lie open; be extended, stretch, be situated (of an area)”

Element in

• N. Palath-ledin “Gladden Fields” ✧ TI/114
• N. Dagorlad “Battle Plain”
• N. imlad “dell, deep vale, glen” ✧ EtyAC/IMBE
• N. lhaden “flat (and wide); open, cleared, flat (and wide); open, cleared; [ᴱN.] smooth”
• N. Lithlad “Plain of Ash”
• N. Lanhail “Plain-wise”

tobas

noun. roofing, roof