ruinë

fire, a blaze

ruinë noun "a fire, a blaze" (PE17:183). Compare nárë.

rainë

peace

rainë noun "peace" (VT44:34-35)

runya

adjective. fiery red

Cognates

• S. ruin “red flame; fiery red” ✧ PM/366

Derivations

• √RUN “red, glowing” ✧ PM/366

Element in

• ᴺQ. runyaril “garnet, (lit.) fiery red radiance”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RUN > runya	[runja]	✧ PM/366

runya

slot, footprint

runya noun "slot, footprint" (RUN; according to PM:366 runya also means "red flame", but SA:ruin has rúnya for this meaning)

rúnya

red flame

rúnyanoun "red flame" (SA:ruin; PM:366 gives runya)

rúnya

noun. red flame

A word for a “red flame” mentioned in the Silmarillion appendix (SA/ruin). It is likely derived from the root √RUN “red, glowing” (PM/366).

Cognates

• S. ruin “red flame; fiery red” ✧ SA/ruin

Derivations

• √RUN “red, glowing”

uruitë

fiery

uruitë adj. "fiery" (UR; thisstem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it.)

uru

fire

uru noun "fire" (LT1:271)

uruvoitë

fiery

uruvoitë adj. "fiery" (LT1:271)

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

úruva

fiery

úruva adj. "fiery" (from UR; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. The word úruva also occurred in early "Qenya"; in LT1:271 it is glossed "like fire".)

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

úr

fire

úr noun "fire" (UR)This stem was struck out in Etym, but a word that must be derived from it occurs in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. Early "Qenya" also has Ûr, noun "the Sun" (also Úri, Úrinci ("k"), Urwen) (LT1:271). Cf. Úri.

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

nár

flame

nár noun "flame", also nárë (NAR1).Translated "fire" in some names, see Aicanár(o), Fëanáro (where nár apparently has the masculine ending -o added to it). According to PE17:183, nár- is "fire as an element" (a concrete fire or blaze is rather called a ruinë).

sá

fire

sá noun "fire" (LT1:265; "Qenya" spelling sâ. Rather nárë in LotR-style Quenya.)

nárë

flame

nárë, also short nár, noun "flame" (NAR1, Narqelion). Translated "fire" in some names, see Aicanáro, Fëanáro (where nár apparently has the masculine ending -o, though in the latter name it may also be the genitive ending since Fëa-náro** is translated "Spirit of Fire"). At one point, Tolkien mentioned "nār-" as the word for "fire (as an element)" (PE17:183). Cf. ruinë** as the word for "a fire" (a concrete instance of fire) in the same source.

ratta

noun. track

Cognates

• T. ratta “a track” ✧ NM/363

Derivations

• ✶ratta “a track” ✧ NM/363
  • √RAT “to find a way” ✧ NM/363

Element in

• ᴺQ. rattaraxa “tram, (lit.) track-wagon”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ratta > ratta	[ratta]	✧ NM/363

sára

fiery

sára (2) adj. "fiery" (LT1:248; this "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by # 1 above)

sívë

peace

sívë (2) noun "peace" (VT44:35)

sívë

noun. peace

Derivations

• √SIB “rest, quiet” ✧ VT44/35

Element in

• Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/35

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SIB > síve	[sībe] > [sīβe] > [sīve]	✧ VT44/35

Variations

• síve ✧ VT44/35

atalantë

proper name. Downfall(en)

A Quenya name of Númenor after its fall into the sea (S/281), it is simply the noun atalantë “collapse, downfall” used as a name (MC/223).

Conceptual Development: The name ᴹQ. Atalante appeared in the earliest tales of the fall of Númenor (LR/11, 25), usually in this form though at least once appearing as Atalantie (Let/347). Its resemblance to the name Atlantis was intentional (Let/347), created as part of the background for Tolkien’s (unfinished) time-travel story about Atlantis: “The Lost Road” (LR/36-104).

Cognates

• Ad. Akallabêth “Downfallen” ✧ Let/347; PM/158; S/281; SI/Akallabêth; SI/Atalantë

Derivations

• √TALAT “to slip (down), collapse, fall in ruin; slipping, sliding, falling down; ground (bottom), to slip (down), collapse, fall in ruin; slipping, sliding, falling down; ground (bottom); [ᴹ√] slide down, incline, slope, lean, tip, topple over” ✧ Let/347; PM/158

Elements

Word	Gloss
atalantë	“collapse, downfall”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√talat > Atalantie	[atalantie]	✧ Let/347
√TALAT > atalantë	[atalante]	✧ PM/158

Variations

• Atalantie ✧ Let/347
• Atalantië ✧ LRI/Atalantë
• atalantë ✧ PM/158

Este

noun. Peace

Peace, name of wife of Lórien

velca

flame

velca ("k") noun "flame" (LT1:260; nár, nárë would be the normal word in Tolkien's later Quenya)

quelmë

noun. ruin, utter end, perdition, end, death

Derivations

• √KWEL “fade, die away, grow faint, fade, die away, grow faint, [ᴹ√] fade away; wither, [ᴱ√] decay, perish, die”

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

ruin

noun/adjective. red flame; fiery red

An element in the names Orodruin “Mountain of Fire” (LotR/899). In the Silmarillion appendix Christopher Tolkien translated it as “red flame”, cognate to Q. rúnya (SA/ruin). However, in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 Tolkien gave it the gloss “fiery red” and a Quenya cognate Q. runya, both derived from the root √RUN “red, glowing”. Finally in notes from 1964, Tolkien suggested it might be an element in Angruin “Iron Fire”, a possible replacement for the name Glaurung, and gave it the Quenya cognate ruinë “blaze, fire” based on the root √RUY “blaze (red)” (PE17/183).

Conceptual Development: The word N. rhuin was mentioned in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s, but without translation. N. Orodruin “Fire-Mountain” appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/28, 39).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think both the noun and adjective senses of this word can be retained.

Cognates

• Q. runya “fiery red” ✧ PM/366
• Q. rúnya “red flame” ✧ SA/ruin
• Q. ruinë “fire, blaze, blaze, fire”

Derivations

• √RUN “red, glowing” ✧ PM/366

Element in

• S. Angruin “Iron Fire”
• S. Orodruin “Mountain of Fire” ✧ SA/ruin

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RUN > ruin	[rūnja] > [rūnia] > [rūni] > [ruin]	✧ PM/366

-ruin

suffix. fire

suff. #fire. Q. ruine. >> Angruin

rein

noun. slot, spoor, track, footprint

caran

adjective. red

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

• ✶karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
• S. Caradhras “Redhorn”
• S. caralluin “*red-blue”
• S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
• S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ SA/caran; VT41/10
• S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
• S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
• S. Carn Dûm “?Red Valley”
• S. Carnen “Redwater”
• ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶carani- > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ VT41/10

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

naur

noun. flame

naur

noun. fire

naur

fire

_ n. fire. naur an edraith ammen! _'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. Q. nár. >> Sammath Naur

naur

noun. fire, fire, [N.] flame

The basic Sindarin word for “fire”, derived from the root √NAR of the same meaning (LotR/942; PE17/38) and very well attested. It is derived from primitive ✱nār- since primitive long ā became au in Sindarin. It appeared as N. naur “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the same derivation (Ety/NAR). As a suffix it usually reduces to -nor, since au usually becomes o in polysyllables. As a prefix, though, it is often Nar- before consonant clusters, no doubt because the ancient long ā was shortened before it could become au.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word for “fire” was G. sâ with archaic form †sai (GL/66) clearly based on the early root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sári; QL/81). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “fire” was ᴱN. byr or buir from primitive ᴱ✶ [mburyē] (PE13/139). Tolkien introduced naur in The Etymologies of the 1930s and stuck with it thereafter.

Cognates

• Q. nár “fire (as an element), fire (as an element); [ᴹQ.] flame” ✧ PE17/038; SA/nár

Derivations

• √NAR “fire, fire, [ᴹ√] flame” ✧ PE17/038

Element in

• S. Aegnor “Fell Fire, Sharp Flame” ✧ SA/nár
• S. Baranor “?Eager Fire”
• S. Faenor “Spirit of Fire”
• S. Fëanor “Spirit of Fire” ✧ SA/nár
• S. Goenor “Fell Fire” ✧ PM/363
• S. Narbeleth “October, Sun-fading, Sun-waning”
• S. Nardol “Fire-hilltop”
• ᴺS. narvaenas “firework”
• S. Narwain “January, *(lit.) New Fire”
• S. naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving of us” ✧ LotR/0290; LotR/0299; PE17/038
• S. naur dan i ngaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ LotR/0299; PE17/038
• S. Nórui “June, *Fiery”
• S. Rodnor
• S. Sammath Naur “Chambers of Fire” ✧ LotR/0942; PE17/038; PE17/101; SA/nár

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(A)NAR > naur	[nār] > [nǭr] > [naur]	✧ PE17/038

Variations

• Naur ✧ LotR/0299; LotR/0942

pad

track

_ n. _track, road (only of 'roads' or tracks unpaved in open country).

îdh

noun. peace

peace, tranquillity

lach

noun. (leaping) flame

lach

flame

(noun) 1) lach (leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

lach

flame

(leaping flame), pl. laich;  2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

lacha

flame

(verb) *lacha- (i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.

lacha

flame

(i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.

lacha-

verb. to flame

lacho

verb. flame!

ruin

red flame

(no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

fiery red

ruin (burning); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.

ruin

fiery red

(burning); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.

ruin

red flame

ruin (no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

red flame

ruin (no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

slot

*ruin (spoor, track, footprint), pl. rŷn (idh rŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. __. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

ruin

slot

(spoor, track, footprint), pl. r**ŷn (idh r**ŷn). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. RUN. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

ruin

footprint

*ruin (slot, spoor, track), pl. rŷn (idh rŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. __. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

ruin

footprint

(slot, spoor, track), pl. r**ŷn (idh r**ŷn). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. RUN. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.**

ruin

track

(slot, spoor, footprint), pl. r**ŷn (idh r**ŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. RUN. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

ruin

spoor

*ruin (slot, track, footprint), pl. rŷn (idh rŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. __. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adjective.

ruin

spoor

(slot, track, footprint), pl. r**ŷn (idh r**ŷn). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. RUN. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adjective.**

ruin

blazing fire

ruin (no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (red flame). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin_; PM:366)_(final bliss), see FORTUNE

ruin

blazing fire

ruin (no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (red flame). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

blazing fire

(no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (red flame). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

burning

ruin (fiery red); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.

ruin

burning

(fiery red); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.

nórui

fiery

(sunny). No distinct pl. form.

Eru

waste

(noun) eru (pl. ery). Note: Eru is also a name of God, "the One".

eru

waste

(pl. ery). Note: Eru is also a name of God, "the One".

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

adlannas

noun. downfall, ruin

Elements

Word	Gloss
adlant	“oblique, slanted”

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

lothren

waste

(adj.) lothren (wild), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

lothren

waste

(wild), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

bregedúr

wildfire

(i vregedúr), pl. bregedýr (i mregedýr)

narthan

fire-sign

pl. **nerthain** (VT45:20)

terthaith

noun. waste, ruin, destruction

Elements

Word	Gloss
tertha-	“to destroy, *ruin, †(orig.) to make pierced; to devour”

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

bara

fiery

1) bara (eager), lenited vara, pl. berai, 2) nórui (sunny). No distinct pl. form.

bara

fiery

(eager), lenited vara, pl. berai

naur

fire

1) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (flame, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath; 2) ûr (heat), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

naur

fire

(in compounds nar-, -nor) (flame, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath

ûr Reconstructed

noun. fire, fire; [ᴱN.] sun

A word for “fire” attested in later writings only as an element in names, such as S. Urui “August, ✱Hot-one” (LotR/1110). It appeared as N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but this and related words were deleted when Tolkien changed the sense of the root to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR). However, √UR “heat” was restored in later writings (PE17/148; PE22/160), and primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, though Tolkien did mark it with a “?” (PE21/71 and note #8).

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the first precursor to this word was G. †Uril, an archaic word for the Sun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing beside its modern form G. Aur (GL/75) and clearly a derivative of the early root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising this document, it became {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” (PE13/114), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it became ᴱN. {húr >>} úr “sun”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155).

This in turn became N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but as noted above the meaning of this root was changed in that document (Ety/UR). Although the root √UR “heat” was later restored, it isn’t clear whether Tolkien also restored ûr “fire”, though there is some secondary evidence of it: primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in notes from the early 1950s, as also noted above (PE21/71).

Neo-Sindarin: If S. naur is (like its Quenya cognate Q. nár) more representative of an elemental or abstract notion of fire, then ûr might be used for an individual physical fire such as one in a fireplace.

Cognates

• Q. úrë “heat”

Derivations

• ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” ✧ PE21/71
  • √UR “heat, be hot”

Element in

• S. Urui “August, *Hot-one”
• S. Urwen

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ūr > ūr	[ūr]	✧ PE21/71

Variations

• ūr ✧ PE21/71 (ūr)

ûr

fire

(heat), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

râd

track

1) (path) râd, construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh), 2) *ruin (slot, spoor, footprint), pl. rŷn (idh rŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. __. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

râd

track

construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh)

sîdh

peace

sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

sîdh

peace

(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.

lachenn

flame-eyed

pl. lachinn *(WJ:384, there cited in archaic form lachend)*.

tertha-

verb. to destroy, *ruin, †(orig.) to make pierced; to devour

@@@ has drifted far from its original meaning

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. TER “pierce”

Element in

• ᴺS. terthaith “waste, ruin, destruction”

nasar

adjective. red

ghâsh

noun. fire

Variations

• Ghâsh ✧ LotRI/Ghâsh

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
• S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ✶Karani-stīrē ✧ VT41/10

Variations

• karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
• karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
• carani- ✧ VT41/10

nar

root. fire, fire, [ᴹ√] flame

A root for “fire” first appearing as ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s along with derivatives like ᴹQ. nár(e)/N. naur “flame” (Ety/NAR¹). There was also an augmented variant ᴹ√ANÁR that served as the basis for “Sun” words: ᴹQ. Anar and N. Anor (Ety/ANÁR). These roots and the various derivatives continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings in the 1950s and 60s (PE17/38; Let/425), and in one place Tolkien specified that nār- was “fire as an element” as opposed to √RUYU for an actual blaze.

Derivatives

• ✶Anār “Sun”
  • Q. Anar “Sun” ✧ SA/nár
  • S. Anor “Sun” ✧ SA/nár
• ✶nāro “fire”
• Q. Anar “Sun” ✧ Let/425; PE17/038
• Q. nár “fire (as an element), fire (as an element); [ᴹQ.] flame” ✧ PE17/038
• Q. Naira
• S. Anor “Sun” ✧ PE17/038
• S. naur “fire, fire, [N.] flame” ✧ PE17/038

Element in

• Q. Narsil “Red and White Flame” ✧ Let/425; PE17/038
• Q. Narsilion “(Song) of the Sun and Moon”
• S. narthan “beacon”

Variations

• (A)NAR ✧ PE17/038; PE17/147

nāro

noun. fire

Derivations

• √NAR “fire, fire, [ᴹ√] flame”

Element in

• ✶Phayanāro “Spirit of Fire” ✧ PE17/039

rhuin

noun. fire

Element in

• N. Orodruin “Mountain of Fire” ✧ TI/028

rhein

noun. slot, spoor, track, footprint

rhœin

noun. slot, spoor, track, footprint

Eru

noun. waste, desert

naru

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

• ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
  • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

• N. Narodûm “Red Valley”
• N. Narosîr “Redway”
• N. Nerwing “Red Foaming Waters” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru	[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]	✧ Ety/NAR¹

caran

adjective. red

caran

adjective. red

Changes

• caran → caran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

• N. Caradras “Redhorn”
• N. Rhascaron “Redhorn”
• N. Carnbeleg “Ruddyhorn”
• N. Bliscarn
• N. Caron-dûn “Red Valley” ✧ RS/419
• N. Rathcarn “Red Way”
• N. Cris-caron “Red Pass” ✧ RS/419

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶karani > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern	[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]	✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

• cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
• Caron ✧ RS/419
• caron ✧ RS/419

caron

adjective. red

narw

adjective. red

bara

adjective. fiery

bara

adjective. eager

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

naur

noun. flame

naur

noun. fire

naur

noun. flame

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nár(e) “flame” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Derivations

• ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

• N. Egnor ✧ Ety/EK
• N. Baranor
• N. Nardol
• N. naur ad i gaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ TI/187
• N. Narothal “Firefoot”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NAR¹ > naur	[nār] > [nǭr] > [nour] > [naur]	✧ Ety/NAR¹

ûr

noun. fire, heat

ûr

noun. fire

Cognates

• ᴹQ. úr “fire, heat” ✧ Ety/UR

Derivations

• ᴹ√UR “be hot” ✧ Ety/UR

Element in

• N. bregedur “wild fire” ✧ Ety/UR (Vreged-úr)
• N. Úrui “August, *Hot-one”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√UR > úr	[ūr]	✧ Ety/UR

Variations

• úr ✧ Ety/UR (úr)
• ûr ✧ EtyAC/UR (ûr)

cûl

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kulo “flame” ✧ EtyAC/KUL

Derivations

• ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ EtyAC/KUL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KUL > cûl	[kūl]	✧ EtyAC/KUL

lhach

noun. (leaping) flame

sîdh

noun. peace

sîdh

noun. peace

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sére “rest, repose, peace” ✧ Ety/SED

Derivations

• ᴹ√SED “rest” ✧ Ety/SED

Element in

• ᴺS. sídheb “peaceful, full of peace”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SED > sîdh	[sēde] > [sīde] > [sīðe] > [sīð]	✧ Ety/SED

coll

adjective. (golden) red

bâd

noun. beaten track, pathway