im-dō
noun. self, innermost being, centre of reason
kah
root. cause
amdir
noun. hope based on reason
amdir
noun. hope [based on reason], (lit.) looking up, hope [based on reason], *expectation, (lit.) looking up
caeth
noun. cause, reason, motive
caethad
noun. reason, cause
amdir
hope
- (based on reason) amdir (no distinct pl. form). Literally an "up-looking". 2) (closer in meaning to ”faith”) estel (trust, steady purpose), pl. estil, 3) (noun) harthad (i charthad, o charthad), pl. herthaid (i cherthaid)
amin
masculine name. Hope
estel
noun. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose
estel
noun. hope
n. hope. ónen i·Estel Edain 'I gave the "Hope" (to) Men'.
estel
masculine name. Hope
hartha-
verb. to hope
harthad
gerund noun. hope
amdir
hope
(no distinct pl. form). Literally an "up-looking".
estel
hope
(trust, steady purpose), pl. estil
hartha
hope
(verb) #hartha- (i chartha, i charthar). Verbal stem isolated from the apparent gerund harthad, ”hope” as noun.
hartha
hope
(i chartha, i charthar). Verbal stem isolated from the apparent gerund harthad, ”hope” as noun.
harthad
hope
(i charthad, o charthad), pl. herthaid (i cherthaid)
tyarwë
noun. reason
airo
adverb. for any reason
cahta
noun. cause, motive, reason
@@@ kasta used in NQNT
hyaro
adverb. for another reason
A neologism coined as part of my research into Quenya correlatives.
illiro
adverb. for every reason
imaro
adverb. for the very same reason
yaro
adverb. that is the reason why
casta
cause
casta (2) noun "cause" (reason) (QL:43)
amatírë
noun. hope
tyar-
verb. cause
tyar- vb. "cause" (KYAR)
tyar-
verb. cause
harthad
noun. hope
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
allaro
adverb. *for no reason
A correlative combination appearing as {láqaro >>} allaro in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #149), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
haparo
adverb. *for about the same reason
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. hap- “about the same” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
immaro
adverb. *for any reason
The correlative ᴹQ. immaro appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. imma “any” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. imma “any” too closely resembles the later prefix Q. im- “same”, for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. airo “for any reason” using the hypothetical prefix ᴺQ. ai(a)- “any”; see that entry for discussion.
iro
adverb. *that is the reason why (relative)
The correlative ᴹQ. iro appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. yaro “that is the reason why” using the relative pronoun ya more commonly used in declined forms in later writings, such as Q. yassë “where [relative]”. For example: istan i saila atan yaro i osto alya (ná) “I know the wise man that is the reason why the city is prosperous”.
maro
adverb. why, for what reason
A correlative meaning “why, for what reason” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”. It replaced (dative?) forms main, maina (PE23/112 note #148).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I currently recommend maro as the Quenya interrogative for “why”. There is another word for “why” appearing in DRC of slightly different meaning ᴹQ. mámen “why, aiming at what”, but this uses the sense “aim” for ᴹQ. men- that was probably abandoned by the 1960s. Prior to the publication of PE23, I recommended using ᴺQ. manan “why = for what” created by Petri Tikka, a dative formation.
ondaro
adverb. *for the very same reason
qá(qe)ro
adverb. by all means, for every reason, on all accounts
The correlative ᴹQ. qáqero or qáro “by all means, for every reason, on all accounts” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “all” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”. These replaced rejected ilqaro (PE23/112 note #150).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. illiro “for every reason” using il- “all”.
saro
adverb. therefore, for that reason named, and so
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
siro
adverb. *for this reason
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
taro
adverb. *for that reason
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
umaro
adverb. *for some reason
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. uma- “some” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
-ro
suffix. -reason
há las
(introduce[s] a remarkable or incredible statement or reason)
sá las
(introduce[s] a remarkable or incredible statement or reason)
caith
noun. cause, reason, motive
hodhir
noun. hope
ûna
noun. hope
kasta
noun. cause, motive, ultimate reason
@@@ compare vasta
ka-
prefix. cause
-rō
suffix. -reason
on-rō
adverb. *for the very same reason
kaha
root. cause
A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “cause” with derivatives like ᴱQ. ka- “cause”, ᴱQ. káma “guilt, responsibility”, and ᴱQ. kasta “cause, motive, ultimate reason” (QL/43). There are similar derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, such as G. caith “cause, reason, motive” < ᴱ✶kahta (GL/24). Some of these words have no good replacements in Tolkien’s later writing, so I think it is worthwhile to postulate a Neo-Eldarin root ᴺ√KAH to salvage some of these early words.