hú

hound

hú noun "hound" (PE17:86), cf. huan, huo

hú

noun. hound (or ?heart)

A Quenya word hú glossed as either “hound” or “heart” (according to Christopher Gilson) appearing in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s exploring the possible origins of S. huorn (PE17/86). This was followed by an unglossed variant form Q. hó, apparently derived from khōgo. Tolkien seems to have vacillated between primitive roots √KHUG/KHOG (the former being the basis for “dog” words in The Etymologies) or √KHON (the basis for “heart” words in The Etymologies), connections that were also pointed out by Christopher Gilson.

Neo-Quenya: Giving the tenuous nature of this word, I’d stick to better defined ᴹQ. huo “dog” from The Etymologies for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

• S. hû “hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay”
• ✶khōgo ✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hó ✧ PE17/086

þúlë

noun. spirit

huo

dog

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN; cf. hú, huan). Also roa.

huan

hound

huan (hún-, as in dat. sg. húnen) noun "hound" (KHUGAN, KHUG). Cf. hú, huo.

súlë

spirit, breath

súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.

hó

spirit, shadow

hó noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)

hó

noun. hound (or ?heart)

fëa

spirit

fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.

roa

dog

roa noun "dog" (VT47:35). Also huo.

röa

noun. dog

A word for “dog” appearing in 1968 notes on monosyllabic primitive Elvish nouns (VT47/35). Of the primitive forms, Tolkien first gave ✶wā(w) “dog” and ✶grā “bear”, but ✶wā(w) was struck through and the gloss of ✶grā was changed to “dog”, after which Tolkien wrote Q. roa “dog” (VT47/36). He seems to have been disatisfied with this derivation, however, going on to write a number of primitive animal roots in the upper margin, including ✶yarr- “dog”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. roa “a wild beast” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶raw̯a under the early root ᴱ√RAVA or ᴱ√RAẆA (QL/79).

Neo-Quenya: Giving Tolkien’s vacillations on these 1968 forms, I’d stick to the better known ᴹQ. huo as the common word for “dog” in (Neo) Quenya, which is the word used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Derivations

• ✶grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
  • √GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶grawa > roa	[grawa] > [ɣrawa] > [ɣroa] > [roa]	✧ VT47/35

Variations

• roa ✧ VT47/35

vilissë

spirit

vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)

hû

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

hû

hound

_ n. Zoo. _hound. Q. hú. The gloss might be 'heat'.

hû

noun. spirit, shadow

Derivations

• ✶hyōba “spirit, shadow” ✧ PE17/086

Element in

• S. huorn “?spirit tree” ✧ PE17/086

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶hō > hû	[kʰō] > [xō] > [xū] > [hū]	✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hû ✧ PE17/086

hû

noun. hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart

A noun appearing as N. hû “dog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). The same form hû appeared in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s with a gloss that might be “hound” or might be “heart”, according to Christopher Gilson (PE17/86). This later hû form was derived from ✶khōgo, which makes me think “hound” is the more likely meaning given the primitive form’s resemblance to ᴹ√KHUG.

Conceptual Development: G. hû “dog” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), but in this period was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√SAẆA (QL/82).

Cognates

• Q. hú “hound (or ?heart)” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• ✶khōgo ✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hû ✧ PE17/086

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

faer

noun. spirit

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

hû

dog

hû (i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

hû

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

manô

noun. spirit

A noun translated “spirit” and fully declined as an example of a Weak II noun (SD/438). It appeared with both a short a (SD/424) and long â (SD/438). Given its ending -ô, it might be a masculine-noun, but it seems unlikely that spirits would only be male. This entry assumes it is a common-noun instead. It is probably related to ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit” as suggested by various authors (AAD/19, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/MAN).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit”

Derivations

• ✶Ad. manaw “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶Ad. manaw- > manau > manō	[manaw] > [manau] > [manō]	✧ SD/424
✶Ad. manaw+yi > manau+yi > manōyi > manôi	[manawji] > [manauji] > [manōji] > [manōi]	✧ SD/424

Variations

• manō ✧ SD/424
• mānō ✧ SD/438

raba

noun. dog

A noun translated “dog” and fully declined as an example of a Strong II noun (SD/437). It is also used as an example of a common-noun that can be altered to masculine and feminine forms rabô “male dog” and rabê “bitch” (SD/434).

phay

root. spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light

When this root first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/PHAY), it was glossed “radiate, send out rays of light” and its derivatives were consistent with this definition, most notably in N. Feanor “Radiant Sun”. In later writings, this root was instead glossed “spirit” (PM/352), which is the connotation of most of its later derivatives. For example, the later meaning of S. Fëanor was changed to “Spirit of Fire”.

The earlier sense “radiate” probably also survived in Tolkien’s later conception, however. On MR/250, the word Q. fairë “spirit” is said to originally have had the sense “radiance”, which is precisely the meaning that ᴹQ. faire had in The Etymologies. There is also a primitive monosyllable ✶phāy “flame, ray of light” in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s (OP2: PE19/102). If the root meaning “radiate” remains valid, then the word S. ✱fael “gleam of the sun”, an element of S. Faelivrin “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (the second name of Finduilas), might be a derivative of this root.

Derivations

• √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

• ✶phaini “vapour” ✧ NM/237
  • S. faen “vapour; [disembodied] spirit” ✧ NM/237
• ✶phairi “spirit (general)” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance” ✧ NM/237
  • S. faer “spirit (in general)”
• ✶phanā “veil, cloud” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fana “raiment, veil; (bright) shape or figure; bodily form of an angelic spirit” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
  • S. fân “(white) cloud; veil, curtain; form or vision of a spiritual being; spirit [embodied]” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
• ✶phāy “flame, ray of light”
  • Q. fá “*ray of light, flame” ✧ PE19/104
• ✶phayā “soul, indwelling spirit” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ MR/349; MR/470; NM/237; PE17/124; PE19/104; VT41/14
  • S. fae “incarnate spirit, incarnate spirit, *soul”
• Q. faila “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352
• Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ PM/352
• S. fael “gleam of the sun; *gleaming”
• S. fael “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352

Variations

• phay ✧ NM/237; NM/237
• PHAYA ✧ PM/352

hyōba

noun. spirit, shadow

Derivatives

• S. hû “spirit, shadow” ✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hō ✧ PE17/086

grawa

noun. dog

Derivations

• √GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Derivatives

• Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35

wā(w)

noun. dog

Changes

• wā(w) → grā “dog” ✧ VT47/35

yarr-

noun. dog, dog; *growl, snarl

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave the root ᴱ√YAPA “snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly” (QL/105). It had no derivatives in QL, but in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon the words G. gab- “bark, bay (of dogs)” and G. gôbi “a large hound” were clearly related (GL/36). There were no similar forms for many years, but then primitive ✶yarr- “dog” appeared in notes from 1968 (VT47/36). This later primitive was likely related to Q. yarra- “growl, snarl” from the Q. Markirya poem of this same period (MC/223), perhaps from a root ✱√YAR.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. yarra “️growl, snarl”
• Q. yarra- “to growl, snarl”

hû

noun. dog

hû

noun. dog

Cognates

• ᴹQ. huo “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHUG > hû	[kʰugo] > [xugo] > [xuɣo] > [xuɣ] > [xūɣ] > [xū] > [hū]	✧ Ety/KHUGAN

huan

masculine name. hound

Changes

• huan → Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Variations

• huan ✧ Ety/KHUGAN (huan)
• Húan ✧ RSI/Húan

huan

noun. hound

Cognates

• ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶khugan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Element in

• N. Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶khugan > Huan	[kʰūgan] > [xūgan] > [xūɣan] > [xuan] > [huan]	✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Variations

• Huan ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

mân

noun. departed spirit