saiwa adj. "hot" (LT1:248, 255, 265); rather lauca in Tolkien's later Quenya
Primitive elvish
hot
root. sneeze
ur
root. heat, be hot
Quenya
saiwa
hot
hont
noun. sneeze
urya-
verb. be hot
urya- vb. "be hot" (PE17:148), "burn" (intransitive) (LT1:271)
úrin
blazing hot
úrin adj. "blazing hot" (LT1:271)
urya-
verb. to be hot, to be hot; [ᴹQ.] to blaze, [ᴱQ.] burn (intransitive)
úrimë
noun. August, *Hot-one
úra
adjective. torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot
urruxa
adjective. livid, furious, enraged, incensed, (lit.) hot-wroth
uryul
noun. hot drink
laucehtelë
noun. hot spring
úrë
noun. heat
A word for “heat” and name of tengwa #36 [.] in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E (LotR/1123), a derivative of √UR “heat” (PE22/160). On the basis of Úrimë “August, ✱Hot-one”, its stem form might be ✱úri-. Its function as a tengwar name probably reflects its use for u-diphthongs in Tengwar spelling.
Conceptual Development: In the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings the name of tengwa #36 was úr “heat” (RC/736), and in earlier documents on The Feanorian Alphabet this word was glossed “fire, heat” (PE22/51) or just “fire” (PE22/23); see the discussion under ᴹQ. úr for further details.
úrin
adjective. (blazing) hot
súsa
noun. bath water, hot water
úr-anar
the red sun
Úr-anar noun, word occurring in Fíriel's Song, translated "the red sun"; actually the prefixed element úr- must have to do with the element ur- "heat, be hot" mentioned in the Silmarillion Appendix. Also compare Ûr as an early Qenya word for "the Sun".
asta-
verb. to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)
asta- (2) vb. "to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)" (PE17:148)
fána
white
fána, fánë (1) adj. "white" (Markirya - fánë as a sg. form in may be a misreading). Compare fanya.
fána
adjective. white, white; [ᴹQ.] cloud
@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, the form fánë “white” in the Markirya poem may be a slip or misreading
fánë
adjective. white
ninquë
white, chill, cold, palid
ninquë adj. "white, chill, cold, palid" (WJ:417, SA:nim, PE17:168, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220, GL:60), pl. ninqui in Markirya. Compounded in Ninquelótë noun "White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë ("q") "white-horse-on" _(MC:216; this is "Qenya", read _ninqueroccossë or *ninquiroccossë in LotR-style Quenya). Normally ninquë would be expected to have the stem-form ninqui-, given the primitive form ¤ninkwi; Ninquelótë rather than *Ninquilótë must be seen as an analogical form.
úr
noun. heat
úrimë
heat
Úrimë (in some editions Urimë, but this seems to be an error; cf. úrë "heat") noun, name of the eighth month of the year, "August" (Appendix D, SA:ur-, UT:302)
úrë
heat
úrë noun "heat", also name of tengwa #36 (Appendix E)
Sindarin
urui
noun/adjective. hot
úrui
noun. August, *Hot-one
born
adjective. hot, red
born
adjective. hot, red
úrui
hot
- úrui (no distinct pl. form), 2) born (red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.
born
hot
(red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.
úrui
hot
(no distinct pl. form)
brassen
white-hot
brassen (lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)
brassen
white-hot
brassen (lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)
brassen
white-hot
(lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)
bôr
noun. heat
A noun appearing as bôr “heat” in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136), where it was rejected and replaced by born “hot” (PE23/136).
Neo-Sindarin: I think Tolkien rejected bôr because he changed his example from a noun to an adjective rather than abandoning the word outright. As such I would retain ᴺS. bôr “heat” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. bordh “heat, rage” derived from primitive ᴱ✶mbúryā (PE13/139). On another page of this word list Tolkien had borth, bordh “hearth”, but that was revised to ᴱN. gorth. In the Early Noldorin Dictionary from this same period Tolkien gave ᴱN. bordh as an adjective glossed “hot, raging, wroth” with the same derivation as the corresponding noun.
urui
noun/adjective. the month of august
glân
white
- glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.
urui
august
Urui
ûr
heat
ûr (fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.
fain
noun/adjective. white
fain
noun/adjective. cloud
glân
adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean
nim
white
_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil
nim
white
nim
adjective. white
silivren
adjective. (white) glittering
uilos
noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow
uilos
noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"
brass
white heat
(i vrass, construct bras), pl. brais (i mrais) if there is a pl.
bôr
noun. heat
faen
white
(radiant). No distinct pl. form.
fain
white
; no distinct pl. form.
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
glân
white
(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.
nimp
white
(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.
silivren
glittering white
(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb
urui
august
ûr
heat
(fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.
Noldorin
úrui
noun. August, *Hot-one
brassen
adjective. white-hot
brassen
adjective. white-hot, *very hot
brass
noun. white heat
fein
noun/adjective. white
fein
noun/adjective. cloud
Telerin
nimbi
adjective. white
nimbi
adjective. white
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Early Quenya
hont
noun. sneeze
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hont (honty-) “sneeze” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√HOTYO of the same meaning (QL/50).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this word as ᴺQ. hont “sneeze” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√HOT, but without the more elaborate stem form. Note that -nt remained a valid (but rare) final consonant cluster in Tolkien’s later conception of Quenya.
saiwa
adjective. hot
sausa
noun. bath water, hot water
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. sausa in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bath water, hot water” derived from the early root ᴱ√SOVO or ᴱ√SOW̯O “wash” (QL/86). Very likely the ancient ou became au as was the usual phonetic development in Qenya of the 1910s and 20s.
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺ√SOW “wash” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, so I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. súsa “bath water, hot water” using the later sound change of ou to ū. To explain the intervocalic s, I assume the archaic form of this noun was southā; compare G. soth “bath”.
sahta-
verb. it is hot
saiwa-
verb. ?to be hot
torqa
adjective. blazing hot
úrin
adjective. (blazing) hot
lossa
adjective. white
ninqe
adjective. white
Early Primitive Elvish
hotyo
root. sneeze
A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sneeze”, with various Early Qenya derivatives of similar meaning (QL/41). Since there are no good later words meaning “sneeze”, I think it is worth retaining ᴱ√HOTYO as a Neo-Eldarin root ᴺ√HOT in order to salvage these Early Qenya sneeze-words.
sah(y)a
root. be hot
A root given as ᴱ√SAHA or ᴱ√SAHYA and glossed “be hot” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. sá “fire” and ᴱQ. Sahóra “the South” (QL/81). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. sâ “fire” and G. sair “hot” (GL/66). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.
niqi
root. white
Gnomish
sair
adjective. hot
gudhrin
adjective. inflamed, burning hot
A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “inflamed, burning hot”, an adjectival form of G. gudhri “inflammation; conflagration” (GL/42).
gudh-
verb. to be hot (intr.)
tanfa
proper name. lowest of all airs, hot air of the deep places
urin
adjective. hot, very hot
Qenya
úrime
noun. August, *Hot-one
ninqe
adjective. white
Old Noldorin
baraha
adjective. hot, burning
Middle Primitive Elvish
barasā
adjective. hot, burning
ur
root. be hot
b’rássē
noun. heat
span
root. white
Early Noldorin
boer
noun/adjective. hot, raging; heat, rage
boir
noun/adjective. hot, raging; heat, rage
bordh
noun/adjective. heat, rage; hot, raging, wroth
oren
adjective. hot (weather)
Ancient telerin
nimbi
adjective. white
This root was connected to “heat” for most of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√URU in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. úrin “(blazing) hot”, ᴱQ. uru “fire”, G. urin “hot, very hot”, and G. urna- “blaze, burn” (QL/98; GL/75). In this early period it was blended with the root ᴱ√UŘU with variant ᴱ√USU which had derivatives like ᴱQ. urna “oven” and ᴱQ. usta- “burn” (QL/98). This second root had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. gund “boil, pus” and gusta- “burn, destroy” from primitive ✱gudh (GL/42), indicating the actual root form was ✱ᴱ√ƷUÐU.
✱ᴱ√ƷUÐU seems to have been abandoned in Tolkien’s later writings, but ᴹ√UR “be hot” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. úr/N. ûr “fire” and ᴹQ. urya- “blaze” (Ety/UR). This entry was deleted and replaced by ᴹ√UR “wide, large, great”. This was likely a transient change, however, as ᴹQ. Úrin as a name of the Sun remained in contemporaneous Silmarillion drafts (LR/240). Indeed primitive √UR appeared several times in later writings as the basis for words for “sunlight”, “fire” and “heat” (PE17/120, 148; PE21/71; PE22/160).