Quenya 

rer-

to sow

#rer- vb. "to sow" (1st pers. aorist rerin "I sow"), pa.t. rendë (RED)

sovo-

wash

sovo- vb. "wash" (read perhaps #sov- if the verb is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, since Tolkiens later versions of the language do not seem to have o-stem verbs), pa.t. sóvë (QL:86)

winta-

scatter, blow about

winta- vb. "scatter, blow about" (both transitive and intransitive) (PM:376)

vinta-

scatter

*vinta- (1) vb, later pronunctiation of winta- "scatter", q.v.

hyar-

cleave

#hyar- vb. "cleave" (1st pers. aorist hyarin "I cleave") (SYAD). Pa.t. probably *hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D; cf. rer- "sow", pa.t. rendë, from the root RED.

hyar-

verb. cleave

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rel-

verb. to sow

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Sindarin 

redh-

verb. to sow

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iôl

noun. wash, flood-water

Sindarin [Onodiôl RC/334, VT/48:33] Group: SINDICT. Published by

redh

sow

redh- (i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend

redh

sow

(i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend

redh-

verb. to sow

Element in

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

iôl

wash

(noun, flood-water) iôl (pl. ŷl) (VT48:33, RC:334)

iôl

wash

(pl. ŷl) (VT48:33, RC:334)

Primitive elvish

red

root. scatter, sow

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s along with augmented variant ᴹ√ERÉD and derivatives like ᴹQ. erde/N. eredh “seed, germ” and ᴹQ. resta/N. rîdh “sown field, acre” (Ety/ERÉD, RED). √RED appeared again in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s with the same gloss “scatter, sow” and derivatives Q. resta/S. rîdh “sown field” (PE19/91). The Quenya word resta reappeared in the 1964 phrase Q. nai elen siluva parma-restalyanna meldonya “✱may a star shine upon your book-fair, my friend” (VT49/38), which might indicate the ongoing validity of this root, but it is also quite possible that resta “✱fair” has a completely different etymology.

Derivatives

  • ✶reddā “sown field, acre” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092
    • Q. resta “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092
    • S. rîdh “sown field, sown field, [N.] acre” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092
    • T. resta “sown field, tilled ground” ✧ PE19/091
  • ᴺQ. rerestë “scattering, diaspore”
Primitive elvish [PE19/091; PE19/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kiris

root. cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split

Derivatives

  • ✶kirissi “cleft”
    • S. criss “cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine” ✧ PE21/80
  • ᴺS. crisg “sharp [edged]”
  • S. criss “cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine”
  • S. crist “cleaver, cleaver; [N.] sword; [G.] knife; slash, slice”
  • ᴺS. crista- “to slash, cut, slice”

Element in

Variations

  • kris- ✧ SA/ris
Primitive elvish [SA/ris] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sow

root. wash, bath

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. saunë “bath, small pool”
  • ᴺQ. sausa “bath water, hot water”
  • ᴺQ. sov- “to wash, *bathe”
  • ᴺQ. sovalda- “to cleanse, purify”
  • ᴺQ. sovallë “washing, bathing, purification”
  • ᴺQ. sovalwa “cleansing, *purifying”
  • ᴺS. saun “bath”
  • ᴺS. saw- “to wash, bathe, clean”
Primitive elvish Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Noldorin 

rhedh-

verb. to sow

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhedh-

verb. to sow

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its [Noldorin] infinitive form N. rheði “to sow” under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED).

Neo-Sindarin: Since initial r unvoiced to rh in Noldorin of the 1930s but not in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. redh- “to sow”, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rer- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RED > rheði[red-] > [reð-] > [r̥eð-]✧ Ety/RED

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

rer-

verb. to sow

A verb appearing as 1st sg. ᴹQ. rerin “I sow” with past tense rende in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED). Here the ancient d became r as it usually did after vowels.

Neo-Quenya: In both Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s and Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, Tolkien indicated that when medial d followed an r, it could dissimilate to l rather that following its usual development to r (PE19/32, PE19/70). In OP2 he gave the verb Q. ral- < √RAD as an example (PE19/99). Thus it is possible that ᴹQ. rer- should be revised to ᴺQ. rel- “to sow” to fit this rule, as suggested by Elaran. However, since Tolkien had this rule in the 1930s but still had ᴹQ. rer- in The Etymologies, I prefer to think the dissimilation of medial d to l was a sporadic change, and would therefore retain rer- for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. orya- “sow” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70).

Cognates

  • N. rhedh- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RED > rerin[redin] > [reðin] > [rerin]✧ Ety/RED

Middle Primitive Elvish

red

root. scatter, sow

Changes

  • ERĒD → ERÉD ✧ Ety/ERÉD

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶eredē “seed” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
    • Ilk. erdh “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD
    • ᴹQ. erde “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
    • N. eredh “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
  • ᴹ✶reddā “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
    • ᴹQ. resta “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
    • N. rîdh “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
  • ᴺQ. rel- “to sow”
  • ᴹQ. rer- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED
  • N. rhedh- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Variations

  • ERÉD ✧ Ety/ERÉD; Ety/RED
  • ERĒD ✧ EtyAC/ERÉD (ERĒD)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ERÉD; Ety/RED; EtyAC/ERÉD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kir

root. cleave

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶kiryā “ship”
    • ᴹQ. kirya “ship, boat” ✧ PE19/060; PE19/060; PE19/060
  • ᴹQ. kirya “ship, boat” ✧ Ety/KIR
  • N. ceir “ship” ✧ Ety/KIR

Element in

  • ᴹ√KIRIK “*reap”
  • ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” ✧ EtyAC/KIR (KIRÍS)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIR; EtyAC/KIR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

graus

noun. sow, *female pig

A noun for “a sow” (female pig) in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s of unclear derivation (GL/42).

Early Primitive Elvish

oro

root. *sow

Derivatives

  • Eq. ore “seed, grain” ✧ QL/070
  • Eq. orya- “to sow” ✧ QL/070
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sovo

root. wash

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SOVO and ᴱ√SOW̯O glossed “wash”, having derivatives like ᴱQ. sovo- “wash” and ᴱQ. saune “bath” (QL/85), the latter a result of the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|[ei], [ou] became [ai], [au]]] (in later Quenya phonology, these generally became [ī], [ū]). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, the primitive form was given as soƀ with derivatives like G. sô- “wash, clean, bathe” and G. sôn “pure, clean” from primitive ᴱ✶sou̯na (GL/68). This last primitive form reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s where it had derivatives like ᴱQ. sauna “clean” and ᴱN. hûn “polished, burnished, shining” (PE13/148).

Neo-Eldarin: I think it is worth positing an Neo-Root ᴺ√SOW “wash” and variant ᴺ√SAW “bath” to salvage some of these early words.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶souna ✧ GL/68
    • Eq. sauna “clean” ✧ PE13/148
    • En. hûn “polished, burnished, shining” ✧ PE13/148
    • G. sôn “pure, clean” ✧ GL/68
    • Et. súna “clean” ✧ PE13/148
  • ᴱ✶sou̯þ- ✧ GL/68
    • G. soth “bath” ✧ GL/68
  • Eq. soile “cleansing” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. soina “clean” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. saune “bath, small pool” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sausa “bath water, hot water” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sovo- “to wash” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sovalna- “to cleanse, purify” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sovallu- “to cleanse, purify” ✧ QL/086
  • G. sovri “cleansing” ✧ GL/68
  • G. sô- “to wash, clean, bathe” ✧ GL/68; GL/68

Variations

  • soƀ ✧ GL/68; GL/68 (soƀ)
  • SOW̯O ✧ QL/086
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/68; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fasa Speculative

root. wash

A hypothetical early root to explain words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s such as G. fas- “wash” and G. fôs “bath” (GL/34). It seems to have at least one Qenya derivative as well in the 1910s-name: ᴱQ. Faskala-númen “Bath of the Setting Sun” (LT1/187). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

orya-

verb. to sow

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ORO “*sow” ✧ QL/070

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ORO² > orya-[orja-]✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by