haudh

noun. (funeral) mound, grave; heap, piled mound, (funeral) mound, grave, [N.] tomb; [orig.] †heap, piled mound

A word appearing in numerous names, usually translated “mound” or “funeral mound”. In revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) made around 1959, Tolkien described its origin as follows:

> √KHAB- “heap up, pile up”: khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound”: S haudh, funeral mound ... The sense “funeral mound, especially one in which weapons and other valuables were also buried” shows probably that haudh is also derived from the (perhaps ultimately related) √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store”; with extension ✱KHAWAD “store, hoard” (PE19/91).

Here the ancient combination of stops in ✶khabdā developed as usual in Sindarin: abd became auð, and indeed it was the main example of this development.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the word N. hauð “mound, grave, tomb” was derived from ᴹ✶khagda “pile, mound” under the root ᴹ√KHAG “pile up” (Ety/KHAG); in that document the sense “grave” was likewise due to the influence of ᴹ√KHAW, though in The Etymologies this root was glossed “rest, lie at ease” (Ety/KHAW). This word also appeared in the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s as a derivative of ᴹ✶khagdā, but there its form was haeð (PE19/45), reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the phonetic developments of agd and whether it became auð or aið > aeð.

In the Outline of Phonology (OP2) as first composed in the early 1950s, Tolkien initially retained the derivation from ✶khagdā as in The Etymologies (PE19/91-92 note #110). But he eventually decided that agd > aið > aeð, at which point he needed a new etymology for haudh “funeral mound”, so he changed √KHAG “pile up” to √KHAB.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the circa-1959 derivation from √KHAB given above, with the caveat that I’d limit the sense “lay in store” to the extended root √KHAWAD, to allow the retention of various useful words derived from 1930s ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease”. I’d limit haudh to mounds associated with death (as well as tombs in general); for “mound” in the ordinary sense I would use [ᴺS.] tund.

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

haudh

noun. heap

Dor. heap, piled mound

haudh

noun. funeral mound

funeral mound

haudh

mound in sward

{ð} n. mound in sward.

Haudh-en-Ellet

noun. Haudh-en-Ellet

rest of the Elf maiden ; haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + el (S eledh “elf”) + eth (traditional ending for women’s names)

Haudh-en-Ndengin

noun. Haudh-en-Ndengin

mound of the slaying; haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + (n-)dengin (pl. of dangen “slain, slaying”) #We would rather expect it to be Hauth-e-Ndengin, so perhaps it's a dialectal variation of the name; the Etym. gives it as Haudh i Ndengin, which looks more like LR-style S with the second element Ndengin in plural.

Haudh en ellas

Haudh en ellas

{ð} topon. >> Haudh nan ellas

Haudh nan ellas

Haudh nan ellas

{ð} topon. >> Haudh en ellas

haudh-en-ellas

place name. Haudh-en-Ellas

haudh-en-arwen

place name. Ladybarrow

Grave of Lady Haleth translated “Ladybarrow” (S/147), a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and Arwen “Noble Maiden”, the last used as a title rather than a name.

haudh-en-elleth

place name. Mound of the Elf-maid

Grave of Finduilas translated “Mound of the Elf-maid” (S/216), a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and Elleth “Elf-maid”.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name appeared as Haudh-en-Ellas (WJ/92). This variant also appeared in notes from around 1966-7 (PE17/97).

haudh-en-ndengin

place name. Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain

Mound of the Elves and Men slain during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, translated “Hill of Slain” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and the plural of dangen “slain”.

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Cûm a Thegranaithos “Mound of the First Sorrow”, revised to Cûm a Gumlaith of similar meaning (LT1/149). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name was changed to N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” (SM/312, LR/147), then to Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain” (LR/314) and finally Haudh-na-Dengin (LR/312). In The Etymologies, the middle preposition was replaced with the definite article i, Haudh i Ndengin (Ety/KHAG, NDAK) and in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s it changed to the combined article-preposition ina (WJ/79), then finally to en in Haudh-en-Ndengin (WJ/169).

haudh-en-nirnaeth

place name. Mound of Tears

Another name for Haudh-en-Ndengin, translated “Hill of Tears” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and nirnaeth “lamentation, tears”.

haudh in gwanûr

place name. Grave-mound of the Twins

Burial mound of twin brothers (LotR/1054), translated “Grave-mound of the Twins” in notes from 1969 (PE23/140). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, the plural in of the definite article i, and the dual form gwanûr of singular gwanon or gwanunig “twin”.

Haudh-en-Arwen

noun. the Ladybarrow

haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + ar(a) (“high, noble, royal”) + gwend (“maiden, woman”)

Haudh-en-Nirnaeth

noun. mound of (bitter) tears

haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + nîr (“tear”) + naeth (“woe”)

Haudh in Gwanur

noun. mound of the brothers

haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”), in (pl. genitive article), gwanur (pl. “brothers, kinsmen”)

Haudh i nenghin

nenghin

{ð} topon. nenghin << denghin.

haudh

haudh

The word haudh derives from Common Eldarin khabdā ("pile, (artificial) mound"), itself deriving from root KHAB ("heap up, pile up"). Since haudh also carried a connotation of a funeral mound "in which weapons and other valuables were also buried", the word shows an apparent influence from root KHAW ("cover up, hide away, lay in store").

haudh

tomb

haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, grave), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

burial mound

haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

burial mound

haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath.

haudh

burial mound

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath.

haudh

grave

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

tomb

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, grave), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

barrow

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

haudh

burial mound

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

Haudh-en-Arwen

Haudh-en-Arwen

The Sindarin term Haudh-en-Arwen can roughly be translated as "Ladybarrow". The actual translation would be "Mound of the Noble Maiden". The element Arwen had no direct connection with Arwen Evenstar, who lived millennia after Haleth's time, but it does give an insight into the origin of her name. Sindarin arwen means literally "high maiden", and is translated here as the "lady" in 'Ladybarrow'. Tûr Haretha is the Mannish name of "The Ladybarrow".

Haudh-en-Elleth

Haudh-en-Elleth

Haudh-en-Elleth is a Sindarin name glossed as "Mound of the Elf-maid" or "mound (grave) of the Noldorin maid".

Haudh in Gwanur

Haudh in Gwanûr

It has been suggested that Haudh in Gwanûr means "mound of the brothers" in Sindarin, consisting of haudh ("mound, grave, tomb") + in (pl. genitive article) + gwanûr. In editions of The Lord of the Rings prior to the 2004 edition, the circumflex (^) was omitted.

gorthad

barrow

1. gorthad (i ngorthad = i ñorthad, o n**gorthad = o ñgorthad), pl. gerthaid (in gerthaid = i ñgerthaid). The literal meaning may be ”place of the dead”: gorth ”dead” + sâd, -had ”place”. Archaic pl. ”goerthaid” = görthaid (PM:194), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath**

sarch

grave

(noun) 1) sarch (i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath

gorthad

noun. barrow

sarch

noun. grave

sarch

noun. grave

A word for “grave” in the phrase Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” (UT/140). Its etymology isn’t clear, but it might be related to sarn “stone” as in [N.] sarnas “cairn” (LR/406).

torn

burial mound

pl1. tyrn n. burial mound. >> Tyrn Gorthad

torn

noun. burial mound

A word appearing in its plural form in Tyrn Gorthad “Barrow-downs” in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1040). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien translated torn as “burial mound” and the second element gorthad as “wraith, spirit of Dead” (PE17/116).

In notes on Sindarin genitives from around 1967 Tolkien had a nasal-mutated form Thor in the phrase i·m(b)air en Thor “the houses of the Dead” with unmutated Tor or Taur in the margin, but Tolkien revised this to i·m(b)air en N(d)engin “the houses of the Slain” (PE17/116). Christopher Gilson pointed out that this Tor/Taur might be connected to torn “burial mound”. It may be that Tolkien was uncertain which element of Tyrn Gorthad referred to the mounds, and which referred to the dead inside the mounds. He may also have felt constrained by the fact that tyrn was likely plural but gorthad was clearly singular.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, it is probably easiest to assume torn means “burial mound” and gorthad means “wraith”.

coron

mound

1. coron (i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn), 2) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

coron

mound

(i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

cûm

mound

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

cûm

heap

1. cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim). 2) ovras (crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

cûm

heap

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim).

gorthad

barrow

(i ngorthad = i ñorthad, o n’gorthad = o ñgorthad), pl. gerthaid (in gerthaid = i ñgerthaid). The literal meaning may be ”place of the dead”: gorth ”dead” + sâd, -had ”place”. Archaic pl. ”goerthaid” = görthaid (PM:194)

ovras

heap

(crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

sarch

grave

(i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch)

haudh

noun. grave, tomb; (piled) mound, heap

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

haudh-na-dengin

place name. Hill of Slain

haedh

noun. heap

heap, piled mound

haedh

noun. heap, ‘piled mound’

amon dengin

place name. Hill of Slain

An earlier form of the name Haudh-en-Ndengin, translated “Hill of Slain” (SM/146, LR/314), a combination of N. amon “hill” and the plural of N. dangen “slain (person)”.

cum

noun. mound, heap

cumb

noun. mound, heap

hamna

noun. funeral mound

funeral mound

hamna

noun. funeral mound

funeral mound

hāda

noun. heap

heap, piled mound

coron

mound

coron (1) noun "mound" (SA); Coron Oiolairë ("Koron"), place-name: the "Mound of Eversummer" where the Two Trees grew. Also contracted Corollairë (WJ:401) and Corlairë (MR:107); both are spelt with an initial k in the sources.

coron

noun. mound, mound; [ᴹQ.] globe, ball

A word glossed “mound” in the name Q. Koron Oiolaire “Mound Ever-summer” in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (SA/coron; WJ/401). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, ᴹQ. koron was glossed “globe, ball” and was derived from the root ᴹ√KOR “round” (Ety/KOR). If this was its primary meaning, then perhaps it could also refer to round hills as hemispheres. In The Etymologies, its stem form was korn- as indicated by its (Middle Quenya) genitive kornen, likely the result of the Quenya syncope; the same reduction in inflected forms may have applied to the later version of the word as well.

cumbë

mound, heap

cumbë ("k")noun "mound, heap" (KUB)

hahta

noun. heap

heap, piled mound

haura

noun. funeral mound

TQ. funeral mound

lára

grave

[lára (2) noun "grave" (VT45:8)]

noirë

tomb

#noirë noun "tomb", isolated from Noirinan, q.v. This compound may suggest that noirë has the stem-form noiri-, unless the compound is supposed to contain a plural form "tombs".

noirë

noun. tomb

A plural element in the name Noirinan “Valley of Tombs” (UT/166), so perhaps ✱noire in the singular. It may be related to loico “corpse” via an unattested root (N)DOY as suggested by David Salo in a post on the Elfling mailing list in 2012.