cendë

noun. point

A word for “point” in the glossary for the 1950s version of the Nieninquë poem, an element in pirucendëa “on the point of her toes” (PE16/96).

Conceptual Development: The word pirucendëa is a reinterpretation of the word ᴱQ. pirukendea “tripping lightly, whirling lightly” = “pirouetting” from the version of Nieninqe from around 1930 (MC/215; QL/74). The derivation of 1950s cende “point” isn’t clear since in Tolkien’s later writings the root √KEN means “see”, but it might be a later iteration of the word ᴱQ. kent “a sharp point” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KENYE “prick” (QL/46).

cendë

point

cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)

metta

end

metta noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month (Appendix D). The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related (LT1:43)

tyel

end

tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi_ was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction)_. Cf. tyelma.

lanca

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end

A word for “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end” in notes from the late 1960s derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8). Tolkien specified it could be used as:

> ... a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built, also used in transferred senses, as in kuivie-lankasse, literally “on the brink of life”, of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death.

mettanyë

proper name. ?I End

Section title of a late version of the poem, “The Trees of Kortirion” (LT1/43). The initial element of the name seems to be metta “end”. Its final element may be the 1st person pronominal suffix -n(yë). If so, metta- here might be used as a verb and the full the word might mean “✱I End”.

oromet

place name. ?Hill at the End

A hill in western Númenor near Andúnië (S/269). The initial element of this name is most likely the prefix oro- “mountain, hill”, and its final element may be derived from the root √MET “end”, so perhaps the name means something like “✱Hill at the End”.

telu

adjective. last, last; end (fate), close

An apparently adjectival element in the name Telufinwë meaning “last”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. telu was a noun meaning “end, close” (QL/91). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was glossed “end (fate)” (PME/91).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this element only in compounds since it is not clear what its independent singular or plural forms would be (telo, telwi?). For the ordinary adjective, I’d use métima or telda.

lanca

sharp edge (not of tools); sudden end

lanca ("k")noun "sharp edge (not of tools); sudden end" _("as e.g. a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built, also used in transferred senses, as in kuivie-lankasse, literally 'on the brink of life', of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death" VT42:8)_

manar

doom, final end, fate, fortune

manar noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD (under MAN), VT45:32)

mandë

doom, final end, fate, fortune

mandë (1) noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD, under MAN)

mentë

point, end

mentë noun "point, end" (MET)

metya-

verb. put an end to

metya- vb. "put an end to" (MET)

oiala

unceasing, without end, forever

oiala adj. "unceasing, without end, forever" (PE17:68)

talma

noun. basis, basis; [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, root; [ᴱQ.] end

This word appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹQ. talma “base, foundation, root” derived from ᴹ✶talmā, appearing under the root ᴹ√TALAM “floor, base, ground” as an extension of ᴹ√TAL “foot” (Ety/TAL). The word talma “basis” appeared as either a Quenya or a primitive word in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s (PE21/80).

Conceptual Development: Qenya word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. talma “end” (PE16/144). The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tauma “basis, foundation, ground floor” under the early root ᴱ√TAW̯A (QL/90).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use this word for “basis; foundation, base” (physical or conceptual), but for “root” I would use Q. sundo.

telë-

verb. finish, end

telë- vb. "finish, end" (intransitive), also "be the last thing or person in a series or sequence of events" (WJ:411; telë may be taken as the 3rd person aorist of a stem tel-, though it may also be interpreted as an example of an E-stem verb, as suggested by the final hyphen)soleted by # 1 above)

tyel-

verb. end, cease

tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)

metta

noun. ending, end

tel-

verb. to end, finish (intr.)

tyelma

ending

tyelma noun "ending" (FS, VT45:25)

tel

noun. end

mette Reconstructed

?. *end

lappa

noun. loose-end, end of rope, hem of robe

telmëa

adjective. conclusive, final, end, last; extreme

quelmë

noun. ruin, utter end, perdition, end, death

Teler

sea-elf

Teler noun "sea-elf", pl. Teleri, general (partitive) pl. Telelli, the third tribe of the Eldar (TELES (MIS) ), also called Lindar.Teleri means "those at the end of the line, the hindmost", (WJ:382 cf. 371), derived from the stem tel- "finish, end, be last" (SA:tel-). The Lindar were so called because they lagged behind on the march from Cuiviénen. In early "Qenya", Teler, also Telellë, was defined "little elf" (LT1:267), but this is hardly a valid gloss in Tolkien's later Quenya.

ambar

a-mbar

ambar (1) ("a-mbar") noun "oikumenē [Greek: the earth as the human habitation], Earth, world" (MBAR), stem ambar- (PE17:66), related to and associated with mar "home, dwelling" (VT45:33); in VT46:13 the latter glosses are possibly also ascribed to the word ambar itself (the wording is not clear). The form ambaren also listed in the Etymologies was presumably intended as the genitive singular at the time of writing (in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the dative singular); in the printed version in LR, the misreading "ambaron" appears (see VT45:33). Ambar-metta noun "the end of the world" (EO); spelt ambarmetta in VT44:36. The element #umbar in Tarumbar "King of the World" (q.v.) would seem to be a variant of ambar, just like ambar #2 "doom" also alternates with umbar (see below).

men-

verb. go

#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

mína

desiring to start, eager to go

mína adj. "desiring to start, eager to go", also verb mína- "desire to go in some direction, to wish to go to a place, make for it, have some end in view" (VT39:11)

perper-

suffer great anguish

perper- vb, "suffer great anguish", "endure to end", pa.t. perpérë (QL:73)

ten-

verb. go as far as

[ten- (3) vb. "go as far as", 1st person sg. aorist tenin, (tenin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist tenë, present tense téna- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense tennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative: tennen sís "I arrive[d] here", perfect eténië "has just arrived", future tenuva "will arrive".] (VT49:23, 35, 36; Tolkien emended the initial consonant from t to m throughout)

tenya-

verb. arrive

†tenya- vb. "arrive" (end at [?specific] place; Tolkiens gloss was not certainly legible); pa.t. tennë (VT49:24)

sac-

verb. to close

A verb for “close” in the phrase á þak’ i fende, mekin “close the door, please” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 (PE22/166). It might be a later iteration of √PAK “close, shut” from 1959-60 (VT41/5; PE17/159).

Narvinyë

january

Narvinyë noun first month of the year, "January". The word seems to mean "New Fire/Sun". (Appendix D)

lelya-

verb. go, proceed (in any direction), travel

lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.

lenna-

verb. go

lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.

maica

sharp, piercing

maica (1) ("k")adj. "sharp, piercing" (SA:maeg), cf. hendumaica and the noun maica below.

putta

stop

putta noun "stop" (in punctuation) _(PUT; see PUS). _According to VT46:10, a dot under a letter is intended, possibly indicating that the consonant is not followed by a vowel; cf. VT46:33 and see VT49:38, 40 regarding an actual example of such punctuation in a Tengwar sample.

tál

noun. foot, foot; [ᴹQ.] bottom, [ᴱQ.] lowest part

The Quenya word for “foot” derived from the root √TAL of similar meaning (PE19/103; VT49/17; Ety/TAL). Given its Sindarin cognate S. tâl (not ✱✱taul) its ancient stem form must have had a short vowel, with the long vowel in the uninflected form the result of the subjective noun case which lengthened the base vowel of monosyllables (PE21/76). Q. tál could also refer to the bottom of things (PE21/21, 76) analogous to English “foot of the mountain” and similar phrases.

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was ᴱQ. tala “foot” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TALA “support” (QL/88), a form also appearing in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/88). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it became ᴱQ. tál with plural tăli indicating an ancient short vowel (PE14/43, 76). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, ᴹQ. tāl had inflected forms with tal-, again indicating a short vowel in the stem (PE21/21), and likewise with the (1930s-style) genitive form talen in The Etymologies written around 1937 (Ety/TAL). Most of its later appearances also imply a short vowel in the stem, the main exception being the plural form táli in the 1950s version of the Nieninquë “poem”.

telima

adjective. final

-ien

suffix. -land

aica

sharp

aica (1) ("k") adj. "sharp" _(AYAK) or "fell, terrible, dire" (PM:347; according to PM:363 seldom applied to evil things)_. In Aicanáro, q.v.

atar

preposition. *for

avestalis

january

avestalis noun "January" (LT1:252; LotR-style Quenya has Narvinyë)

cimba

noun. edge, brink

ecya

sharp

#ecya adj. "sharp" in Ecyanáro ("k") "Sharp Flame", masc. name, Sindarin Aegnor(VT41:14, 19). The Quenya form of Aegnor is elsewhere given as Aicanáro instead.

hauta-

verb. cease, take a rest, stop

hauta- vb. "cease, take a rest, stop" (KHAW)

lutta-

verb. flow, float

lutta- vb. "flow, float" (LT1:249)

lutu-

verb. flow, float

lutu- vb. "flow, float" (LT1:249)

métima

last

métima adj. "last" (Markirya), in Markirya also twice métim', since the following words (auressë, andúnë) begin in an a.

nerca

sharp, angular

nerca adj. "sharp, angular" (PE17:55), variant nexa (reading uncertain).

nexa

sharp, angular

nexa adj. "sharp, angular" (PE17:55; the editor indicates that the reading is uncertain, so the variant nerca may be preferred.)

nyar-

verb. to tell

nyar- vb. "to tell" (1st pers. aorist nyarin "I tell") (NAR2, VT45:36). Compare nyárë, nyarië, nyarna.

oia

everlasting

oia adj. "everlasting" (OY); according to VT46:8 the word is both adjective and adverb. An explicitly adverbial form oiavë is mentioned elsewhere (PE17:74)

oilima

last

oilima adj."last" (MC:213, 214; this is "Qenya"), inflected or lengthened form oilimain "last (pl.)" (MC:221), oilimaisen "(MC:221), oilimaite "last" (MC:214, 221)

pusta

stop

pusta (1) noun "stop", in punctuation full stop (PUS). Compare putta.

réna

edge, border, margin

réna noun "edge, border, margin" (REG)

ríma

edge, hem, border

ríma noun "edge, hem, border" (RĪ)

sac-

verb. close

sir-

verb. flow

sir- (1) vb. "flow" (SIR)

sir-

verb. flow

sirya

verb. flow

tap-

verb. stop, block

tap- vb. "stop, block" (the form tapë given in the Etymologies is translated "he stops, blocks", evidently the 3rd person sg. aorist. In Etym as printed in LR, a was misprinted as á, cf. VT46:17). Pa.t. tampë (TAP)

telda

last, final

telda (1) adj. "last, final" (WJ:407)

telya-

verb. finish, wind up, conclude

telya- vb. "finish, wind up, conclude" (transitive) (WJ:411)

tilma

noun. point

tyelima

final

tyelima adj. "final" (KYEL)

umbar

noun. doom

doom

vanya-

verb. go, depart, disappear

vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.

methed

noun. end

A word for “end” attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” of the Misty Mountains (LotR/429; RC/366). The word methed is clearly a noun in the first name, but Methedras might actually be the adjective [N.] methen “end” + ras(s) “peak” with nr > dhr, since Tolkien sometimes represented dhr as dr in drafts of The Lord of the Rings. Compare draft [N.] Caradras vs. published Caradhras.

medui

adjective. end

adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.

methed

noun. end

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end

A Sindarin in notes from the late 1960s word equivalent to Q. lanka “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end” derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8). See its Quenya equivalent for more information.

meth

noun/adjective. last, last; [N.] end

The noun N. meth “end” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶metta under the root ᴹ√MET of the same meaning and followed by an adjective form N. methen that was also glossed “end” (Ety/MET). It reappeared as an element in the name Rochon Methestel “Rider of the Last Hope” (UT/313). It is therefore possible that meth shifted from a noun to an adjective, but its Quenya equivalent metta “ending, end” remained a noun in Tolkien’s later writings.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would avoid meth as an independent word, and would use the unambiguous noun form methed and adjective forms medui or [N.] methen. If you do use meth, I recommend using it as a noun.

ramdal

place name. Wall’s End

End of the long falls of Andram, translated “Wall’s End” (S/122), a combination of ram “wall” and the lenited form of tâl “(lower) end” (SA/ram, tal).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as N. Ramdal (LR/262) >> Rhamdal (LR/283). The second form appeared in The Etymologies with essentially the same the derivation as given above, albeit with an initial rh- fitting the earlier Noldorin phonology (Ety/TAL).

Methed-en-Glad

noun. end of wood

methed (“end”) + en (sing. gen. article) + glad (“wood”)

Ramdal

noun. wall end

ram(b) + tâl (“foot”, here: “end”)

methed-en-glad

place name. End of the Wood

A stronghold of the followers of Túrin translated “End of the Wood” (UT/153), a combination of methed “end”, en “of the” and glad “wood”.

medui

adjective. end, final, last

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)

meth

end

(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

meth

end

(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.

methed

end

(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

methen

end

(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

methen

end

(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

tele

end

(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).

lanc

sudden end

lanc (sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

lanc

sudden end

lanc (sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lanc

sudden end

(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

laph

noun. loose-end, end of rope, hem of robe

tel-

verb. to end, finish, be done

manadh

final end

manadh (i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).

manadh

final end

manadh (i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh)

manadh

final end

(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nass

sharp end

nass (point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nass

sharp end

nass (point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais

trenar

tell to end

(i** drenar, i** threnerir) (recount), pa.t. trenor****

trenar

tell to end

trenar- (i drenar, i threnerir) (recount), pa.t. trenor

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

men-

verb. to go

The basic Sindarin verb for “go”, derived from the root √MEN (PE17/143). Its archaic past form emēnē was discussed in notes from around 1965 (PE17/93); its modern past would be ✱evín. It also appeared in its gerund form in the sentence niðin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” in notes from 1969 (PE22/165).

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

Ramdal

Ramdal

Ramdal is Sindarin meaning "Wall's End", consisting of ram ("wall") + dal ("end"). The name is also spelt Rhamdal.

aeg

point

1. aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

amarth

doom

(noun) 1) amarth (fate), pl. emerth; 2) band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, safekeeping, duress, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath. 3) manadh (i vanadh) (final end, fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh)

lanc

sharp edge

(sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

manadh

doom

(i vanadh) (final end, fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh)

medui

last

(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

meth

last

(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

till

sharp horn

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

trenar

recount

trenar- (i drenar, i threnerir) (tell to end), pa.t. trenor

trenar

recount

(i drenar, i threnerir) (tell to end), pa.t. trenor

brona

last

(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)

dartha

last

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

maeg

adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something

medui

adjective. last

megor

adjective. sharp-pointed

negen

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn

negn

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen

rib-

verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)

The reading of the gloss is uncertain

rîw

noun. edge, hem, border

aeg

sharp

1. aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

aeg

sharp

(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

aig

sharp

(no distinct pl. form).

amarth

doom

(fate), pl. emerth

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

band

doom

(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, safekeeping, duress, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

bartha

doom

(verb) bartha- (i martha, i mbarthar)

bartha

doom

(i martha, i mbarthar)

brona

last

(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)

dar

stop

(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

dar

stop

(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

daur

stop

(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

stop

(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

dilia

stop up

(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

egnas

sharp point

(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.

eitha

prick with a sharp point

(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

hol

close

#hol- (i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.

hol

close

(i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.****

laeg

sharp

(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.

maecheneb

sharp-eyed

(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)

maeg

sharp

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

medui

last

(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)

megor

sharp-pointed

(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

nara

story

(i nara, in narar);

narwain

january

Narwain

narwain

january

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nuitha

stop short

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

penninor

last day of the year

(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).

penninor

last day of the year

*penninor (i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).

pôd

foot

(of animal) pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd).

pôd

foot

(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd).

rimma

flow like a torrent

(i rimma, idh rimmar)

rîw

edge

*rîw (construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

rîw

edge

(construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

siria

flow

(vb.) siria- (i hiria, i siriar).

siria

flow

(i hiria, i siriar).

telluin

sole of the foot

(i delluin, o thelluin), pl. tellyn (i thellyn). *Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” telloein, tellen (LR:384 s.v. *

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

tâl

foot

(body-part and unit of measure) tâl (i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.

tâl

foot

(i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.

ui

everlasting

ui (eternal); no distict pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.

ui

everlasting

(eternal); no distict pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.

urui

august

Urui

urui

august

meth

noun. end

meth

noun. end

methen

adjective. end, final

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “end, final” as an adjectival form of noun N. meth “end”, both under the root ᴹ√MET “end” (Ety/MET; EtyAC/MET).

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “end, rear, hindmost part” under the root ᴹ√TELES “hindmost, tarrier” (Ety/TELES).

manadh

noun. doom, final end, fate, fortune; final bliss

rhamdal

place name. Wall’s End

trenar-

verb. to recount, tell to the end

manadh

noun. doom, final end, fate, fortune

methen

adjective. end, final

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

trenar-

verb. to recount, to tell to end

ment

noun. point

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “point” under the root ᴹ√MET “end” (Ety/MET).

-ian(d)

suffix. -land

ammarth

noun. doom

doom

bartha-

verb. to doom

brona-

verb. to last, to survive

dilia-

verb. to stop up

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

manadh

noun. final bliss

ment

noun. point

nass

noun. angle or corner

nerwinien

noun. January

pôd

noun. animal's foot

rhib-

verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)

The reading of the gloss is uncertain

rhîf

noun. edge, hem, border

siria-

verb. to flow

thela

noun. point (of spear)

tâl

noun. foot

lanca

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end

kyel

root. (come to an) end, cease, run out

teles

verb. come at rear, end a line or series

talmā

noun. basis

tāl

noun. foot

sir

root. flow

The root √SIR and similar roots meant “flow” for most of Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√SIŘI [SIÐI] “flow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant sini and derived forms like ᴱQ. sindi “river” and ᴱQ. síre “stream” (QL/84). The latter word became “river” in Tolkien’s later writings, and words appearing in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. sîr “river” and G. siriol “flowing” (GL/67-68) rather than ✱✱sidh- indicate Tolkien very early revised the root to ✱ᴱ√SIRI. Indeed, the root was ᴹ√SIR “flow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, and the root appeared with this form and essential meaning several times in Tolkien’s later writings (PE22/127, 135).

snǣs

noun. spear-head, point, gore, triangle

Original form not entirely clear; the stem is SNAS/SNAT (LR:387), not defined but evidently to be understood as a strengthened form of NAS "point, sharp end" (LR:374). A primitive plural form natsai is mentioned under SNAS/SNAT; snǣs may derive from something like snatsâ via snats, *snas. The shift of original a to long ǣ (presumably the same vowel as in English cat, but longer) is found in this word only, but there are several examples of e from a, see spenna, scella. Perhaps a became ǣ in stressed monosyllables where there was no following consonant cluster (as in nand).

yad-

verb. to go

A verb appearing in the Lament of Akallabêth in the form ayadda “(it) went” (SD/247, VT24/12). Its initial element is the 3rd persons neuter plural suffix a- “it”. This leaves the basic verb form yadda, which is the past tense according to the theories used here.

Conceptual Development: It appeared in the form yadda in the first draft version of the Lament, and this form was also briefly considered as a replacement for unakkha “he-came” in the first sentence of the Lament (SD/312).