metta

end

metta noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month (Appendix D). The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related (LT1:43)

tyel

end

tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi_ was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction)_. Cf. tyelma.

cendë

point

cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)

cendë

noun. point

Element in

• Q. pirucendëa “on the point of her toes” ✧ PE16/096

Variations

• cende ✧ PE16/096

tyelma

ending

tyelma noun "ending" (FS, VT45:25)

men-

go

#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

mentë

point, end

mentë noun "point, end" (MET)

tyel-

end, cease

tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)

lenna-

go

lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.

metta

noun. ending, end

Cognates

• S. meth “last, last; [N.] end”

Derivations

• √MET “end, finality”

Element in

• Q. et sillumello ter yénion yéni tenn’ ambarmetta “*from this hour, through years of years until the ending of the world” ✧ VT44/36
• Q. Mettanyë “?I End”
• Q. Mettarë “last day of the year, *(lit.) end-day”
• ᴺQ. otsolametta “weekend”
• Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT
• Q. sinomë maruvan ar Hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “In this place will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ LotR/0967; PE17/103; PE17/105; PE22/147
• Q. vinimetta “end of youth, end of youth, *reaching middle age”

telë-

finish, end

telë- vb. "finish, end" (intransitive), also "be the last thing or person in a series or sequence of events" (WJ:411; telë may be taken as the 3rd person aorist of a stem tel-, though it may also be interpreted as an example of an E-stem verb, as suggested by the final hyphen)soleted by # 1 above)

tel-

verb. to end, finish (intr.)

Cognates

• ᴺS. tel- “to end, finish, be done”

Derivations

• √TEL “close, end, complete, come to an end” ✧ WJ/411

Element in

• ᴺQ. telima “final”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√TELE > tele-	[tel-]	✧ WJ/411

Variations

• tele- ✧ WJ/411

Teler

sea-elf

Teler noun "sea-elf", pl. Teleri, general (partitive) pl. Telelli, the third tribe of the Eldar (TELES (MIS) ), also called Lindar.Teleri means "those at the end of the line, the hindmost", (WJ:382 cf. 371), derived from the stem tel- "finish, end, be last" (SA:tel-). The Lindar were so called because they lagged behind on the march from Cuiviénen. In early "Qenya", Teler, also Telellë, was defined "little elf" (LT1:267), but this is hardly a valid gloss in Tolkien's later Quenya.

sac-

verb. close

tilma

noun. point

tyelima

final

tyelima adj. "final" (KYEL)

lelya-

go, proceed (in any direction), travel

lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.

telya-

finish, wind up, conclude

telya- vb. "finish, wind up, conclude" (transitive) (WJ:411)

vanya-

go, depart, disappear

vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.

sac-

verb. to close

Element in

• Q. á sac’ i fendë, mecin “close the door, please” ✧ PE22/166

hauta-

cease, take a rest, stop

hauta- vb. "cease, take a rest, stop" (KHAW)

mette Reconstructed

adjective. *end

Cognates

• S. meth “last, last; [N.] end”

Derivations

• √MET “end, finality”

Element in

• Q. Mettelairë “August, *(lit.) End-summer” ✧ PM/136
• Q. Metterrívë “January, *(lit.) End-winter”

Variations

• Mette ✧ PM/136 (Mette)

tel

noun. end

Derivations

• √TEL “close, end, complete, come to an end”

telima

adjective. final

Elements

Word	Gloss
tel-	“to end, finish (intr.)”
-ima	“-able, possibility, -able, [ᴹQ.] -ible, able to be done, [ᴱQ.] possible”

quelmë

noun. ruin, utter end, perdition, end, death

Derivations

• √KWEL “fade, die away, grow faint, fade, die away, grow faint, [ᴹ√] fade away; wither, [ᴱ√] decay, perish, die”

telmëa

adjective. conclusive, final, end, last; extreme

Elements

Word	Gloss
telma	“conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair, conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair; [ᴹQ.] ending”

medui

adjective. end

adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.

methed

noun. end

methed

noun. end

This word is attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” (of the Misty Mountains). The latter name first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as N. Methen Amon and Methendol (TI/404), making it likely that methed is a revision from the earlier adjective N. methen (Ety/MET).

This new form likely changed from an adjective to a noun, since -ed/-ad is usually a gerundal suffix in Sindarin (forming nouns from verbs). This word is clearly a noun in the name Methed-en-Glad, and could also be a noun in Methedras (= “Peak of the End?”).

Element in

• S. Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” ✧ UT/153
• S. Methedras “Last Peak”

Elements

Word	Gloss
meth	“last, last; [N.] end”
-ed	“gerund”

Variations

• Methed ✧ UT/153

men-

verb. to go

Derivations

• √MEN “go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region”

Element in

• S. dadwen- “to return, go back”
• S. nidhin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” ✧ PE22/165

medui

adjective. end, final, last

Derivations

• √MET “end, finality”

Element in

• S. ai na vedui Dúnadan “Ah! at last, Dúnadan!” ✧ LotR/0209; PE17/016
• S. Arvedui “Last-king”
• ᴺS. orvedui “yesterday”

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

meth

end

(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

meth

end

(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.

methed

end

(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

methen

end

(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

methen

end

(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

tele

end

(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

manadh

final end

(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

lanc

sudden end

(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

aeg

point

1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

tel-

verb. to end, finish, be done

Cognates

• Q. tel- “to end, finish (intr.)”

Derivations

• √TEL “close, end, complete, come to an end”

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

hol

close

#hol- (i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.

hol

close

(i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.****

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

snǣs

noun. spear-head, point, gore, triangle

Original form not entirely clear; the stem is SNAS/SNAT (LR:387), not defined but evidently to be understood as a strengthened form of NAS "point, sharp end" (LR:374). A primitive plural form natsai is mentioned under SNAS/SNAT; snǣs may derive from something like snatsâ via snats, *snas. The shift of original a to long ǣ (presumably the same vowel as in English cat, but longer) is found in this word only, but there are several examples of e from a, see spenna, scella. Perhaps a became ǣ in stressed monosyllables where there was no following consonant cluster (as in nand).

yad-

verb. to go

A verb appearing in the Lament of Akallabêth in the form ayadda “(it) went” (SD/247, VT24/12). Its initial element is the 3rd persons neuter plural suffix a- “it”. This leaves the basic verb form yadda, which is the past tense according to the theories used here.

Conceptual Development: It appeared in the form yadda in the first draft version of the Lament, and this form was also briefly considered as a replacement for unakkha “he-came” in the first sentence of the Lament (SD/312).

Element in

• Ad. adûn izindi batân tâidô ayadda “[the] road west once went straight, (lit.) west straight road once went” ✧ SD/247; SD/312

met

root. end, finality

This root first appeared as ᴹ√MET “end” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MET). It may have had a conceptual precursor in ᴱQ. met “mark, aim, object”, but that word was derived from ᴱ√MEKE and had a stem form mekt- (QL/60). In any case, met- appeared quite frequently for “end” words from the 1930s forward, and the root itself was mentioned in a list from the late 1950s or early 1960s where Tolkien clarified that it had to do with “finality” only, as opposed to √TEN which meant “end” in the sense “point aimed at” (VT49/24).

Derivatives

• Q. metta “ending, end”
• Q. mette “*end”
• S. medui “end, final, last”
• S. meth “last, last; [N.] end”

Element in

• Q. métima “last, ultimate, final”
• Q. Oromet “?Hill at the End”

Variations

• met ✧ VT49/24

tel

root. close, end, complete, come to an end

Tolkien used words beginning with tel- or tyel- for “end” and these were intermixed with “roof” words, but the exact arrangements evolved over Tolkien’s life. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, the base root was ᴱ√TELE “cover in” with derivatives like ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telimbo “canopy; sky”, along with a vocalic extension ᴱ√TEL+U “to finish, close, end, complete” having derivatives like the verb ᴱQ. telu- of the same meaning and ᴱQ. telwa “last, late” (QL/90-91). Both the base root and its extension had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. teld “roof” vs. G. telu “end” (GL/70).

In the Early Qenya Word Lists of the 1920s, however, Tolkien gave the words ᴱQ. talle “ended” and ᴱQ. talma “end” (PE16/143, 144) versus ᴱQ. telu- “cover, roof” and ᴱQ. telume “firmament” and (QL/134, 142). Indeed, in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√TEL with the vocalic extension ᴹ√TELU having derivatives like ᴹQ. telme “hood, covering” and ᴹQ. telume/N. telu “roof (of heaven)” (Ety/TEL). The primitive verb form ✶telu- “roof in” appeared in Quendian & Common Eldarin Verbal Structure (EVS1: PE22/98) from the 1930s and again in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s (EVS2: PE22/135), and finally one more time with the gloss “roof in, put the crown on a building” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/411).

The “end” words went down a different route. In The Etymologies Tolkien gave ᴹ√KYEL “run out, come to an end” as an etymological variant of ᴹ√KEL “go, run (especially of water), ✱flow”; ᴹ√KYEL had derivatives like ᴹQ. tyel- “to end, cease” and ᴹQ. tyelima “final” (Ety/KEL, KYEL). Tolkien mentioned this etymological variation of √KEL “flow” vs. √KYEL “cease, come to an end” in both the first and second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s and around 1950 respectively (TQ1: PE18/58; TQ2: PE18/103), and the two variants were also mentioned in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/114). However, in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure of the early 1950s Tolkien gave √TEL “close, end, complete” with vocalic extension telu “roof in” (PE22/135), a paradigm repeated in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, though with a bit less certainty:

> The stem ✱TELE, the primary sense of which appears to have been “close, end, come at the end” ... This was possibly distinct from ✱tel-u “roof in, put the crown on a building”, seen in Q telume “roof, canopy” ... But ✱telu may be simply a differentiated form of ✱TELE, since the roof was the final work of a building (WJ/411).

The conceptual development seems to be 1910s ᴱ√TELE “cover” vs. ᴱ√TEL-U “end” >> 1920s ✱ᴱ√TALA “end” vs. ᴱ√TELU “cover” >> 1930s-1950 ᴹ√KYEL “end” vs. ᴹ√TEL(U) “✱cover” >> early 1950s √TEL “end” vs. √TELU “roof in”. Thus Tolkien ultimately came full circle back to his original root forms, but with reversed meanings.

See also the root √TELES for discussion of the conceptual shifts in the derivation of Q. Teleri “Hindmost”.

Derivatives

• ✶telu- “to cover over, roof in” ✧ PE22/135
• ᴺQ. tel “end”
• Q. tel- “to end, finish (intr.)” ✧ WJ/411
• Q. telda “last, final” ✧ WJ/411
• Q. Teler “Last-comer, Hindmost” ✧ SA/tel
• Q. telma “conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair, conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair; [ᴹQ.] ending” ✧ WJ/411
• Q. telu “last, last; end (fate), close”
• ᴺQ. telwa “late, last”
• Q. telya- “to finish, wind up, conclude (trans.)” ✧ WJ/411
• ᴺS. tel- “to end, finish, be done”
• ᴺS. telf “conclusion, ending, anything used to finish off a work or affair”
• ᴺS. telia- “to finish, conclude”

Element in

• √TELES “come at rear, end a line or series, come at rear, end a line or series; [ᴹ√] hindmost, tarrier” ✧ PE22/135
• ✶telet- “to stop (up)” ✧ PE22/135 (telet)
• √TELU “roof in, put the crown on a building”
• ᴺS. tell “last, final (in a series)”

Variations

• tel- ✧ SA/tel
• Tele ✧ WJ/392
• TELE ✧ WJ/411; WJ/411

meth

noun. end

meth

noun. end

Derivations

• ᴹ✶metta “end” ✧ Ety/MET
  • ᴹ√MET “end” ✧ Ety/MET

Element in

• N. methen “end, final” ✧ Ety/MET

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶metta > meth	[metta] > [mettʰa] > [meθθa] > [meθθ] > [meθ]	✧ Ety/MET

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mente “point, end, point, end; [ᴱQ.] peak, tip” ✧ Ety/MET

Derivations

• ᴹ√MET “end” ✧ Ety/MET

Element in

• N. Mornvenniath “Black Mountains”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MET > ment	[mente] > [mentʰe] > [menθe] > [menθ] > [ment]	✧ Ety/MET

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

ledh-

verb. to go, to go, *travel, journey

@@@ extended meanings suggested by Fiona Jallings

Derivations

• On. led- “to fare”
  • ᴹ√LED “go, fare, travel” ✧ Ety/LED; EtyAC/LED

Element in

• N. neledh- “*to go in, enter” ✧ TAI/150

methen

adjective. end, final

methen

adjective. end, final

Element in

• N. Methedras “Last Peak”
• N. Methendol
• N. Methen Amon

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

nass

noun. angle or corner

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

Cognates

• ᴹQ. telle “rear” ✧ Ety/TELES

Derivations

• ᴹ√TELES “hindmost, tarrier” ✧ Ety/TELES

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TELES > tele	[telese] > [telesa] > [teleha] > [teleh] > [tele]	✧ Ety/TELES
ᴹ√TELES > telei	[telesi] > [telehi] > [teleih] > [telei]	✧ Ety/TELES

thela

noun. point (of spear)

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egthel

noun. point (of spear)