Quenya 

aira

old

aira (3) adj. "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

anda

long

anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending - can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)

andavë

long, at great length

andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda

ando

long

ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)

enwina

old

enwina adj. "old" (Markirya)

enwina

adjective. old

Element in

linyenwa

old, having many years

linyenwa adj. "old, having many years" (YEN)

sóra

long, trailing

sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)

yerna

old, worn

yerna adj. "old, worn" (GYER)

Sindarin 

brûn

long endured/established/in use

brûn (old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

brûn

long endured/established/in use

(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;

brûn

long established

under

brûn

long endured

under

brûn

long in use

under

brenia

endure

1) brenia- (i vrenia, i mreniar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, last) (VT45:8) LONG ENDURED, see brûn under OLD

iaur

old

1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iuith

use

(noun) iuith (no distinct pl. form). LONG IN USE, see brûn under .

tangada

establish

tangada- (confirm, make firm) (i dangada, i thangadar). LONG ESTABLISHED, see brûn under OLD

anann

adverb. long, for a long time

Sindarin [LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308] an+and, OS *ananda. Group: SINDICT. Published by

anann

adverb. long

adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:102] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

and

adjective. long

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/427, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

and

adjective. long

adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:12:121:147] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

and

adjective. long

Cognates

  • Q. anda “long, far” ✧ PE17/040; PE17/090

Derivations

  • ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/040
  • andā “long, far” ✧ PE17/090
    • ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/090

Element in

  • S. Anach “?Long Neck”
  • S. anann “(for) long”
  • S. andaith “long-mark”
  • S. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ SA/an(d)
  • S. Andras “Long Cape”
  • S. Andrast “Long Cape”
  • S. Angast “Long Cape” ✧ VT42/28
  • S. Andrath “Long Climb”
  • S. andreth “long-suffering, patience”
  • S. Androth “*Long Cave”
  • S. Anduin “Great River, (lit.) Long River” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; RC/765; SA/an(d)
  • S. Anfalas “Langstrand, (lit.) Long Beach” ✧ SA/an(d)
  • S. Anfang “Longbeard”
  • S. angerthas “runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows” ✧ SA/an(d)
  • ᴺS. annas “length”
  • S. Ann-thennath “*Long-shorts”
  • S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” ✧ SA/an(d)
  • S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
andā > ann-[andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann]✧ PE17/090

Variations

  • ann ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; PE17/121
  • ann- ✧ PE17/090
  • an(d) ✧ SA/an(d)
  • an(n)- ✧ VT42/28
Sindarin [PE17/012; PE17/040; PE17/090; PE17/121; PE17/147; RC/765; SA/an(d); VT42/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ann

adjective. long

adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:12:40:121] < ANAD long. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ann

adjective. long

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

Cognates

  • Q. yára “old, ancient, old, ancient, [ᴹQ.] belonging to or descending from former times” ✧ RC/579

Derivations

  • YA “*there, over there; (of time) back, ago, [ᴹ√] there, over there; (of time) back, ago”

Element in

Variations

  • Iaur ✧ RC/523; UT/384; WJ/192
Sindarin [RC/523; RC/579; SA/iaur; UT/384; WJ/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maetha-

verb. use

_ v. _use, wield. Q. mahta-. >> maw

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < MAƷ serve, be of use. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

anann

long

(adverb, = "for a long time") anann

anann

long

and

long

(adjective) and (pl. aind),

and

long

(pl. aind)

andaith

long mark

(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.

anfang

longbeard

pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)

angerthas

long rune-row

(and + certhas).

annabon

long-snouted one

pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)

brenia

endure

(i vrenia, i mreniar)

dartha

endure

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, last) (VT45:8)  

ennin

long year

. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

iuith

use

(no distinct pl. form).

iuitha

use

(verb) iuitha- (i iuitha, in iuithar)

iuitha

use

(i iuitha, in iuithar)

taen

thin

(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.

tangada

establish

(confirm, make firm) (i dangada, i thangadar).

Telerin 

anda

adjective. long

Element in

  • T. andané “long ago, once upon a time” ✧ VT49/31

Khuzdûl

sigin Reconstructed

adjective. long

Element in

Primitive elvish

ʒandā

adjective. long

Derivations

  • ƷAN “adorn; extend; long” ✧ PE17/155; VT47/27
Primitive elvish [PE17/155; VT47/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

brûn

adjective. old (has long endured)

Derivations

  • On. brūna “that has long endured, old” ✧ Ety/BORÓN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. brūna > brûn[brūna] > [brūn]✧ Ety/BORÓN
Noldorin [Ety/BORÓN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brûn

adjective. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use

Noldorin [Ety/353] Group: SINDICT. Published by

anann

adverb. long

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
an“of”
ann“long”

ann

adjective. long

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/427, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ann

adjective. long

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. anda “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD

Derivations

  • On. anda “long”
  • ᴹ✶andā “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD
    • ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶andā > and > ann[andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann]✧ Ety/ÁNAD
ᴹ✶anda > anna-[anda-] > [anna-]✧ Ety/MBUD
Noldorin [Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD; Ety/RAD; Ety/TEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brenia-

verb. to endure

The form bronio in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:7

Noldorin [Ety/353, VT/45:7] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ingem

adjective. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age)

New word coined by the Elves after meeting with Men

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400] în+gem "year-sick". Group: SINDICT. Published by

iuith

noun. use

Noldorin [Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iuith

noun. use

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YUK “employ, use” ✧ Ety/YUK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YUK > iuith[jukte] > [juktʰe] > [juxθe] > [juiθe] > [juiθ]✧ Ety/YUK

taen

adjective. long (and thin)

Noldorin [Ety/391] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

zara

adjective. old

Element in

Variations

  • Zāra ✧ PM/051 (Zāra)
Westron [LotR/1138; PM/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

anda

adjective. long

Cognates

  • N. ann “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶andā “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
    • ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶andā > anda[andā] > [anda]✧ Ety/ÁNAD
Qenya [Ety/ÁNAD; PE18/032; PE22/011; PE22/020; PE22/021; PE22/096; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ando

adverb. long

Element in

Variations

  • ando ✧ VT27/07

Old Noldorin 

anda

noun. long

Derivatives

  • N. ann “long”

Element in

Old Noldorin [Ety/TEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

bor(on)

root. endure

The root ᴹ√BOR “endure” along with its extended form ᴹ√BORON appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s along with various derivatives having to do with endurance, faithfulness and everlastingness (Ety/BOR, BORÓN). It was simply a later version of the root ᴱ√VORO from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, unglossed but clearly of a similar meaning based on its Qenya and Gnomish derivatives like ᴱQ. voronda “faithful”, ᴱQ. vorima “everlasting” and G. bron(n) “steadfast, firm” (QL/102; GL/23-24).

Similar forms like Q. voronda or vórima “faithful” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writing (UT/317). The well established names Q. Voronwë or S. Bronwe(g) “Steadfast, Faithful” retained the same basic form and meaning throughout Tolkien’s life, testifying to the enduring nature of the Elvish root for “endurance”.

Derivatives

  • Ad. abâr “strength, endurance, fidelity”
  • ᴹ✶boron- ✧ Ety/BOR
    • Ilk. boron “steadfast; trusty man, faithful vassal” ✧ Ety/BOR
    • On. boron “steadfast; trusty man, faithful vassal” ✧ Ety/BOR
    • N. bôr “steadfast; trusty man, faithful vassal” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/BOR
  • ᴹ✶b’rōnā ✧ Ety/BORÓN
    • On. brūna “that has long endured, old” ✧ Ety/BORÓN
    • N. brûn “old (has long endured)” ✧ Ety/BORÓN
  • ᴺQ. vor- “to endure, survive”
  • ᴹQ. vóre “lasting” ✧ Ety/BOR
  • ᴹQ. vórea “continuous, enduring, lasting; continuant” ✧ Ety/BOR
  • ᴹQ. vórima “continuous, enduring, repeated” ✧ Ety/BOR
  • ᴹQ. voro “ever, continually, ever, continually, [ᴱQ.] always” ✧ Ety/BOR
  • Q. voronda “faithful, steadfast (in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise)”
  • ᴺQ. voron(do) “trusty man, faithful vassal”
  • ᴹQ. voronwa “enduring, long-lasting” ✧ Ety/BORÓN
  • Q. voronwë “steadfastness, loyalty, faith(fulness)”
  • ᴹQ. voronwie “endurance, lasting quality” ✧ Ety/BORÓN
  • ᴺQ. vorta- “to preserve, make lasting”
  • ᴺQ. voruva “age long”
  • S. born “[stead]fast”
  • N. borth “[unglossed]” ✧ Ety/BOR
  • ᴺS. brond “firm, [G.] steadfast, *faithful, constant”
  • N. bronwe “endurance”
  • On. bron- “to last, endure, survive” ✧ Ety/BORÓN
    • N. brenia- “to endure” ✧ Ety/BORÓN
    • N. brona- “to last, survive” ✧ Ety/BORÓN

Element in

Variations

  • BOR ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/MIR; EtyAC/WAR
  • BORON ✧ Ety/WEG
  • BORÓN ✧ EtyAC/WEG
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BOR; Ety/BORÓN; Ety/MIR; Ety/WEG; EtyAC/WAR; EtyAC/WEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

andā

adjective. long

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. anda “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
  • N. ann “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD

Element in

Variations

  • anda ✧ Ety/MBUD (anda)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tainā

adjective. long

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TAY “extend, make long(er), stretch” ✧ PE18/057

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. taina “lengthened, extended, prolonged”

Variations

  • taı̯nā ✧ PE18/057
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

lene

root. long

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√LENE “long”, with the added explanation that it “developed in opp. directions of slow, tedious, trailing, etc. and — stretch, thin, etc.”. Tolkien originally put the word ᴱQ. lenka “slow, left” under this root, but seems to have transfered this word to ᴱ√LEKE, perhaps at the same time he elaborated on the meaning of ᴱ√LENE “long”. Its remaining derivatives include ᴱQ. lenwa “long and thin, straight, narrow” and ᴱQ. lenu- “stretch”.

There are a number of words in the Gnomish Lexicon that seem to be derived from this root, including G. len “wherewith, far, long, away” and G. lenwi “length, distance”, but these were rejected, and Tolkien replaced them with G. lenc “far, distant” derived from ᴱ√leŋe (which was followed by other similar Gnomish derivatives), possibly representing a conceptual shift in this root (GL/53). In any case, there are no clear signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, unless perhaps it remanifested as ᴹ√LEN “way, (?road)” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/LEN).

Derivatives

  • Eq. lenka “slow, dull, stiff; left (hand)” ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
  • Eq. -léni “long” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. lenu- “to stretch” ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
  • Eq. lenwa “long and thin, straight, narrow” ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
  • G. glen(n) “thin, fine, slender” ✧ LT2A/Glend
  • G. lenu- “to stretch, extend in length, trail” ✧ GL/53
  • G. len “wherewith, far, long, away” ✧ GL/53
  • G. lenc “far, distant” ✧ GL/53
  • G. glenweth “thinness” ✧ LT2A/Glend

Variations

  • leŋe ✧ GL/53
  • LENE ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/53; LT2A/Glend; QL/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-léni

suffix. long

Cognates

  • G. glen(n) “thin, fine, slender” ✧ GL/39

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LENE “long” ✧ QL/053

Element in

  • Eq. lenqelénu “(daddy) long-legs” ✧ QL/053
  • Eq. silqeléni “silver birch, (lit.) long tresses” ✧ QL/053

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LENE > lēni[-lēnī] > [-lēni]✧ QL/053

Variations

  • lēni ✧ GL/39; QL/053
  • lēnu ✧ GL/39; QL/053
Early Quenya [GL/39; QL/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lénu

suffix. long

aire

adjective. old

Element in

Variations

  • aire ✧ MC/214
Early Quenya [MC/214] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anda

adjective. long

andra

adjective. long