nóna

adjective. born

An adjective meaning “born” in the name for Men: Apanónar “After-born” (WJ/387), also appearing as an element in several other words like Minnónar “First-born” (WJ/403) and onóna “twin-born, (lit.) ✱together-born” (WJ/367).

Cognates

• S. onnen “born”

Derivations

• √NŌ/ONO “beget, give birth to; be born, beget, give birth to; be born; [ᴱ√] become”

Element in

• Q. Apanónar “After-born”
• ᴺQ. ennóna “born again”
• ᴺQ. ernóna “only-born, only-begotten”
• Q. Minnónar “First-born”
• ᴺQ. nónarë “generation”
• ᴺQ. nónië “birth”
• Q. onóna “twin-born; one of a pair of twins” ✧ WJ/367
• ᴺQ. vinyanóna “new-born”

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

saiwa

hot

saiwa adj. "hot" (LT1:248, 255, 265); rather lauca in Tolkien's later Quenya

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

born

adjective. hot, red

born

adjective. hot, red

Element in

• S. Borgil “Red-star” ✧ Let/426

Variations

• born ✧ Let/426

onnen

noun. born

onnen

adjective. born

An adjective meaning “born” in the name for Men: Abonnen “After-born” (WJ/387). It appears to be a (reduced?) passive participle of the verb onna- “✱to give birth to”.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. nuin “born” (GL/61) based on the early root ᴱ√NŌ “become, be born” (QL/66).

Cognates

• Q. nóna “born”

Element in

• S. Abonnen “After-born” ✧ WJ/387; WJ/387

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

caran

adjective. red

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

• ✶karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
• S. Caradhras “Redhorn”
• S. caralluin “*red-blue”
• S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
• S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ SA/caran; VT41/10
• S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
• S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
• S. Carn Dûm “?Red Valley”
• S. Carnen “Redwater”
• ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶carani- > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ VT41/10

urui

noun/adjective. hot

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

urui

noun/adjective. the month of august

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

born

hot

(red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

born Speculative

adjective. [stead]fast

Derivations

• ᴹ√BOR(ON) “endure”

Element in

• S. Baravorn “Hamfast”

onnen

born

?onnen (pl. ennin for archaic önnin)

onnen

born

(pl. ennin for archaic önnin)

brassen

white-hot

(lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

úrui

hot

1) úrui (no distinct pl. form), 2) born (red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

úrui

hot

(no distinct pl. form)

ingem

suffering from old age

(pl. ingim), literally ”year-sick”

andrann

age

andrann (cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.

andrann

age

(cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.

nasar

adjective. red

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
• S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ✶Karani-stīrē ✧ VT41/10

Variations

• karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
• karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
• carani- ✧ VT41/10

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

caran

adjective. red

caran

adjective. red

Changes

• caran → caran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

• N. Caradras “Redhorn”
• N. Rhascaron “Redhorn”
• N. Carnbeleg “Ruddyhorn”
• N. Bliscarn
• N. Caron-dûn “Red Valley” ✧ RS/419
• N. Rathcarn “Red Way”
• N. Cris-caron “Red Pass” ✧ RS/419

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶karani > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern	[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]	✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

• cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
• Caron ✧ RS/419
• caron ✧ RS/419

caron

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

• ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
  • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

• N. Narodûm “Red Valley”
• N. Narosîr “Redway”
• N. Nerwing “Red Foaming Waters” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru	[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]	✧ Ety/NAR¹

narw

adjective. red

coll

adjective. (golden) red