ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.
Quenya
ari
beside the
ar
day
Amarië
good
Amarië fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending -ië (Silm)
ar(i)-
prefix. superlative prefix; good, superlative prefix; good; [ᴱQ.] intensive
Derivations
Element in
- Q. arimaitë “skilful, [supremely] skillful, *gifted”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ARI > ari- [ari-] ✧ PE17/147 Variations
- ar ✧ PE17/056; PE17/056
- ari ✧ PE17/056; PE17/056; PE17/056
- ari- ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/147
ar-
outside
ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.
ara
outside, beside, besides
ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)
árë
day
árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)
ar(a)
preposition. beside, next [to]; out, beside, next [to], *by; out, [ᴹQ.] outside
Derivations
Element in
- Q. A anamelda na ar ilyan “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
- Q. arcalima ar eleni “A is brightest of all” ✧ PE17/056
- Q. ar- “by-, beside, near, by-, beside, near; [ᴹQ.] outside”
- ᴺQ. aralussë “aorist, (lit.) beside-tense”
- ᴺQ. aramallë “side-street”
- Q. quiquië menin coaryanna, arsë “whenever I arrive at his house/come to/get to, he is out” ✧ VT49/23 (
quiquie tenin koaryanna, arse)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ADA > ar [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/145 Variations
- ar ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/145
- ad ✧ PE17/071
- ara ✧ VT49/25
mára
adjective. good
Ae
day
Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)
ala
day
[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]
ava
outside, beyond
ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)
ré
day
ré noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).
ala-
good
ala- (3), also al-, a prefix expressing "good" or "well" (PE17:146), as in alaquenta (q.v.) Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form (#2 above) is unclear and perhaps dubious.
an(da)-
prefix. superlative prefix
etsë
outside, exterior
etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)
ettë
outside
ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)
ari, arin prep. *"beside the"? See ara.