an

noun. person, -body, one, anyone, someone, they; creature

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for “person”, also used pronominally as “one, anyone, someone, they” and as a suffix meaning “-body” (GL/19). It is probably derived from the same (undefined) root that is the basis for ᴱQ. anu “a male” and ᴱQ. anai “woman” (QL/31).

anoth

noun. manhood†; man (fullgrown), warrior

A noun appearing as G. anoth in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s originally meaning “manhood” as an elaboration of G. an “person”, but later coming to mean ”man (fullgrown), warrior” (GL/19).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. anwas with the sense “manhood”, based on later N. anw “male (person or animal)” (Ety/ƷAN).

anothrin

adjective. adult (of men), fullgrown; manly

A word appearing as G. anothrin “adult (of men), fullgrown; manly” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of G. anoth “manhood†; man (fullgrown)” (GL/19).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. anwathren “manly, masculine” as adjectival form of ᴺS. anwas “manhood”, both based on later N. anw “male (person or animal)” (Ety/ƷAN).

anos

noun. man (fullgrown), warrior

A word for “man (fullgrown), warrior” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a masculinized form of G. an “person” (GL/19).

ang

noun. iron

angainos

masculine name. Iron-god

angband

place name. Hells of Iron

angol

place name. Ironcliffs

angorodin

place name. Iron Mountains

angrin

adjective. of iron, iron

angtham

place name. Halls of Iron

anna

noun. door, opening

annai

adverb. far away

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

ant

noun. cheek; face

antha

adjective. upper

antha-

verb. to give

anthor(in)

adjective. lofty (of mountains)

ann

noun. door

annuir

adjective. lofty

anthos

adverb. up, above

anthum

preposition. upwards, cg. onto

arn

noun. son

-vran

suffix. dwelling

A suffixal form of G. brann (GL/24); see S. barthan for discussion.

cantha

noun. flame

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “flame” (GL/25), probably based on the early root ᴱ√KṆŘṆ [KṆÐṆ] “shine” (QL/47).

nanc

noun. bite

A noun appearing as G. nanc “a bite” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/59), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NAKA “bite” (QL/64).

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√NAK “bite” appeared in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain the noun ᴺS. nanc “bite” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

danuin

masculine name. Day

indrafang

proper name. longbeard

engan

noun. spear

gwandra

adjective. beautiful

gwanin

adjective. beautiful

nan

preposition. of

nanwin

noun. mother

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

horweg

noun. an ancient, old man

tung

noun. a thought, an idea

gothfeng

noun. (war-)arrow, a great arrow; an arrow sent as a summons to war

eithog

noun. ancestor, †father, sire

A word for “ancestor” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s with variants eithog or eithweg, and an original meaning of “†father, sire” (PE13/113). Tolkien indicated the variant eithog was derived from ᴱ✶attū + ōka, where the first element clearly means “father” and the second element is probably some kind of ancient masculine or agental suffix because (a) that is consistent with G. -weg in the other variant and (b) G. -og was often an agental suffix in the Gnomish Lexicon. However, it is not at all clear how ᴱ✶attū became eith-.

grinn

noun. ankle, wrist

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as {grind >>} grinn “ankle, wrist”, an element in G. mabrin(d) “wrist = ✱hand grinn” and G. talgrin(d) “ankle = ✱foot grinn” (GL/42, 55, 69). As such, it seems to refer to a body joint, but specifically limited to wrists or ankles. It may be related to (a variant of) the element rikta in ᴱQ. marikta “wrist” under the early root ᴱ√RIKI (QL/80).

cuid

noun. animal, living creature

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “living creature, animal” (GL/27), probably the cognate of a ᴱQ. koite “living thing, being, animal” from the early root ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” (QL/48). Cuid “animal” was also mentioned in the Gnomish Grammar (GG/9).

meg

noun. any small animal; (esp.) mole

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “any small animal — esp. mole” (GL/57), perhaps connected to the early root ᴱ√MINI for small things (QL/61).

talgrin(d)

noun. ankle

A word appearing as G. {talrid >> talrind >>} talgrin(d) “ankle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (along with a number of other rejected variants), a combination of G. tâl “foot” and G. grinn “ankle, wrist” (GL/69) and analogous to G. mabrin(d) “wrist”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this early word as ᴺS. tallif “ankle, (lit.) foot-link”, with a second element S. lîf “link” as seen in the 1968 word S. molif “wrist, (lit.) hand link” (VT47/6).

ar

conjunction. and, too, besides

bal

noun. anguish, pain; evilness

helchor

proper name. anarctic cold, utter frost of the south

hiriol

adjective. anxious

ith

noun. anything

mavwin

noun. ancestress, †mother

pî

noun. anything very small, a bit, mote

eithweg

noun. ancestor, †father, sire

grind

noun. ankle, wrist

hirilwen

noun. anxiety

itheg

noun. anything

ithog

adjective. any

ithweg

noun. anyone

ithwin

noun. anyone

le

preposition. and

mavuin

noun. ancestress, †mother

mavwen

noun. ancestress, †mother

ongos

noun. anguish

rain

noun. anniversary, year complete

mineth

noun. island

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “island” (GL/57), probably connected to the root ᴱ√MINI in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as suggested by Christopher Tolkien, as it was the basis of other words for raised objects like ᴱQ. mindon “turret” (LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061).

hôr

adjective. old, aged, ancient

drab-

verb. to labour, work; (impersonal) to irk, annoy

funt

noun. elephant

golma

noun. lore, wisdom, ancient lore

gruith

noun. deed of horror, angry or violent act, vengeance

gwalt

noun. good luck, any providential occurrence or thought

hîr

noun. care, anxiety; heed

li

preposition. with; and

nîr

noun. woman

pim

noun. bead, any small round thing, seed

thuith

noun. resinous juice; any adhesive substance

gruigarm

noun. *deed of horror, angry or violent act, vengeance

gîrin

adjective. bygone, old, belonging to former days, olden, former, ancient

thuif

noun. resinous juice; any adhesive substance

aur(a)

noun. Sun

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as Aur “Sun” (GL/20), probably a cognate of ᴱQ. Ûr from the root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). It appeared as aura in G. nalos·aura “sunset” and G. orosaura “sunrise” (GL/59, 62). The word G. aur “sun” was also mentioned in Gnomish Lexicon Slips with corrections for that document (PE13/114), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. aur meant “day”, whereas N. Anor became the name of the Sun (Ety/ANÁR, AR¹).

mais

noun. gore

An archaic noun for “gore” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶meχse via the vocalization of the spirant χ before s: eχ > ei > ai (GL/56). It is clearly related to the early root ᴱ√MEHE “ooze‽” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon that was likewise the basis for “gore” words (QL/60).

gogail

noun. mouth

A noun appearing as G. gogel “mouth” in The Gnomish Grammar (GG/8) and as {gogel >} gogíl or gogail “mouth” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/40). In the latter document, Tolkien said it was a combination of G. go- “together” and G. cail “lip”, from more archaic forms gwa-caíl, gwa-cil. An unrelated word G. mem “mouth” also appeared in Gnomish Lexicon (GL/57), perhaps related to G. beg “chin” which Tolkien connected to ᴱQ. pé “(closed) mouth” = “the two lips” (GL/57; QL/72).

Neo-Sindarin: I’ve used these Gnomish words as the inspiration for a neologism ᴺS. gobem “mouth”, based on the (neologism) ᴺS. pemp “lip”, where the reduction of -mp to -m finally is an irregular assimilation to the preceding voiced b: -mp > -mb > -m.

gwegwed

adjective. male

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “male”, an adjectival form of G. gweg “man” (GL/44).

asc

noun. water

A noun glossed “water” appearing in the Official Name List for the Lost Tales of the 1910s, probably based on the early root ᴱ√ASAKA which was used for words meaning “waterfall” (PE13/101).

fent

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, along with a deleted variant fenlug (fenlog-) (GL/34), the latter probably a combination with G. lûg “snake”. It was clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. fent “serpent” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/38).

gwint

noun. face

A noun for “face” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, related to the verb G. gwinta- “to see” (GL/46); see that entry for possible etymologies.

hŷr

noun. sun

A word appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s as {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” beside a variant G. aur of the same meaning (PE13/114).

mechor

noun. gore

A noun appearing as G. mechor “gore” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56), clearly related to the early root ᴱ√MEHE “ooze‽” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon that was likewise the basis for “gore” words (QL/60).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word as ᴺS. mechor “gore” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√MEKH of similar meaning, from primitive ✱mekhār or ✱mekhrē.

pui

noun. child

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “child” (GL/64), probably derived from the early root ᴱ√PU(HU) “generate” (QL/75).

thith

noun. dust

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dust”, appearing below other forms like G. thisin “parched, withered” (GL/73). The latter is clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. sisin from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, and hence is derived from the root ᴱ√SISI as it appeared in that document (QL/84), though its Gnomish derivatives make it clear the actual root was ✱ᴱ√ÞISI.

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

gerd(h)olm

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gerdolm and gerdholm, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. dolm “pit” (GL/38).

gersauth

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gersauth and gersoth, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. sauth “hole” (GL/38).

a(n)

preposition. of

i

article. the

idril

feminine name. Beloved

na

preposition. of (the)

na-

verb. to be

tâl

noun. foot

ôn

noun. gift

crisc

adjective. sharp

dâ

adjective. high

gainu

proper name. Tormentor

in(d)raluin

adverb. long ago

a

preposition. from

a-

prefix. ?

amil

noun. mother

artha-

verb. to approach

aura-nûmin

proper name. Sunset

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

bo(n)

noun. son

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

celeb

noun. silver

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

curu

noun. magic

cwenn

noun. Elf

cwerc

noun. throat

cweth

noun. word

dara

adjective. lofty

dolc

adjective. deep

dungort

noun. (evil) idol

dôn

?. [unglossed]

eg

noun. point

er

adjective. one

fing

adjective. narrow

flig-

verb. to hew

gag

noun. jaw

gail

noun. star

garth

adjective. beloved

gima-

verb. to hear

gobos

noun. haven

gorin

noun. circle of trees

gwast

noun. dwelling

A noun for “dwelling” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√[[ep|ŋwa[ð]-]] (GL/47).

gwinta-

verb. to see

lalmir

noun. elm tree

lingos

noun. snake

lingwir

noun. dragon

lûg

noun. snake

lûm

noun. time

mab(a)

noun. mother

madheg

noun. something

mem

noun. mouth

nactha-

verb. bite

naptha-

verb. to seize

neglis

noun. honey

nân

noun. mother

o-

conjunction. he

on

pronoun. he

oros

noun. rising

ortha

adjective. upper

orthi

adverb. up

pad

noun. [unglossed]

pelectha-

verb. to hew

raina-

verb. to return

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

suil

noun. daughter

sîr

noun. river

tarn

noun. gate

tarn fui

proper name. Door of Night

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thairin

adjective. magic

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thê-

verb. to see

tûm

noun. valley

ulug

noun. dragon

uril

proper name. Sun

ôn

noun. crown of head, top

ûthi

noun. outside

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

to

proper name. To

naithol

adjective. miserable

-vron

suffix. dwelling

a

preposition. of

ada

noun. daddy

adi

noun. daddy

aluin

masculine name. Time

amaith

noun. mother

ausirol

noun. fortune

daira-

verb. to play

dumgort

noun. (evil) idol

dân

noun. day

engri[n]

adjective. of iron

fenlug

noun. snake

fiont(ha)

adjective. later

fî

noun. [unglossed]

galaduir

proper name. Sun

gersoth

noun. mine

gofedhrog

noun. ally

gogel

noun. mouth

gogìl

noun. mouth

gwarin

noun. circle of trees

gwintha-

verb. to face

hadron

preposition/adverb. opposite

idhraluin

adverb. long ago

mabir

noun. mother

melon

adjective. dear, beloved

meltha

adjective. dear, beloved

mu

preposition. from

naithonwi

adjective. misery

nalos·aura

proper name. Sunset

o

preposition. from

odra

adverb. very

orosaura

noun. sunrise

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

rost’aura

proper name. Sunrise

rô

noun. [unglossed]

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sui

noun. daughter

tarnin austa

proper name. Gates of Summer

taura

adjective. powerful

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

ômgulin

adjective. patient

ômgulwen

noun. patience