nessa

young

nessa adj. "young" (NETH), alsoNessa as name of a Valië, the spouse of Tulkas (adopted and adapted from Valarin, or an archaic Elvish formation: WJ:404 vs. 416). Also called Indis, "bride" (NETH, NI1). The fem. name Nessanië (UT:210) would seem to incorporate Nessa's name; the second element could mean "tear" (nië), but since Nessa is not normally associated with sorrow, this #nië is perhaps rather a variant of ní "female" (compare Tintanië as a variant of Tintallë).

vinya

young

vinya (1) adj. "young" (VT46:22, VT47:26, PE17:191) or "new" (cf. compounds Vinyamar, Vinyarië below; cf. also winya "new, fresh, young" in a deleted entry in the Etymologies, VT45:16; there the word was first written as vinya.) Vinya "the Young", original name of the isle of Númenor among its own people (SD:332).

vinyamo

noun. youngster

Elements

Word	Gloss
vinya	“young, new”
-mo	“agental suffix”

Variations

• winyamo ✧ VT47/26

winyamo

youngster

winyamo noun "youngster" (VT47:26). In Exilic Quenya, this word would appear as *vinyamo; compare the related word winya > vinya "young, new".

winyamo

noun. youngster

vinya

adjective. young, new

Cognates

• S. gwain “young, *new” ✧ PE17/191

Derivations

• √WIN “young, young, [ᴹ√] new, fresh” ✧ PE17/191; VT47/26

Element in

• Q. envinyata- “to renew, heal, to renew, heal, *restore”
• Q. Lëa-vinya “Lëa the Young” ✧ MR/067
• Q. Narvinyë “January, *New-fire”
• ᴺQ. vin(i)- “neo-”
• ᴺQ. vinquetta “neologism”
• Q. Vinyalondë “New Haven” ✧ UT/176
• Q. Vinyamar “New Dwelling”
• Q. vinyamo “youngster” ✧ VT47/26
• ᴺQ. vinyanóna “new-born”
• ᴺQ. vinyar “news”
• Q. vinyarë “youth, youth, *young adulthood”
• Q. Vinyarion “*New Son”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√WIN > vinya	[winja] > [βinja] > [vinja]	✧ PE17/191
√win > vinya	[winja] > [βinja] > [vinja]	✧ VT47/26

Variations

• Vinya ✧ UT/176

winya

new, fresh, young

winya (1) adj. "new, fresh, young" _(VT45:16; though the entry including this form was struck out in the Etymologies, _vinya "new" is a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, and it is meant to represent older winya. Compare winyamo, q.v.)

sinya

new

sinya adj. "new" (SI)

hinyë

noun. baby

A word for a “baby” in rough notes on Elvish finger names (VT47/27), probably some kind of diminutive formation from √KHIN “child”. It had a variant hintil that is clearly specific to fingers only: = √KHIN + √TIL “✱baby finger, (lit.) child tip”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, it is probably better to use one of the baby words from the more finished versions of these notes, such as vinimo.

Derivations

• √KHIN “child”

Variations

• hintil ✧ VT47/27
• hinye ✧ VT47/27

ilin

pale blue

ilin adj. "pale blue" (GLINDI)

wine

noun. baby, child not yet fully grown

winë (stem *wini-, given the primitive form ¤wini) noun "baby, child not yet fully grown", "little-one", also used in children's play for "little finger" or "little toe" (VT46:10, 26, VT48:6, 16). Synonyms win(i)cë, winimo. In Exilic Quenya, this word would appear as *vinë; compare the related word winya > vinya "young, new".

winicë

baby

winicë (also wincë), noun "baby", also used in children's play for "little finger" or "little toe" (VT48:6). Synonyms winë, winimo. In Exilic Quenya, this word would appear as *vinicë*, vincë; compare the related word winya > vinya "young, new". Since the diminutive ending -icë descends from -iki(VT48:16), winicë may have the stem-form winici**-.

winimo

baby

winimo noun "baby", "little-one", used in children's play for "little finger" or "little toe" (VT47:10, VT48:6, 16). Synonyms winë, win(i)cë. In Exilic Quenya, this word would appear as *vinimo; compare the related word winya > vinya "young, new".

vinya

pale blue

vinya (2) < windya adj. "pale blue" (WIN/WIND)(It is uncertain whether Tolkien rejected this word or not; in any case, vinya is only attested with the meaning "young, new" in his later Quenya.)

windë

pale blue

[windë > vindë adj. "pale blue" (VT45:16)]

windya

pale blue

windya > vinya adj. "pale blue" (WIN/WIND)(It is uncertain whether Tolkien rejected this word or not; in any case, vinya means "new" in his later versions of Quenya.)

winima

childish

winima adj. "childish" (VT47:26). In Exilic Quenya, this word would appear as *vinima; compare the related word winya > vinya "young, new".

winima

adjective. childish

A word appearing as winima “childish” in notes from 1968, an adjectival form of winë (wini-) “child not yet full grown” (VT47/26).

Neo-Quenya: In other notes from this period, Tolkien said of winë that “Pengoloð gives these in archaic Quenya form before the change of w, in most situations to v” (VT48/6), so I would likewise adapt this word as ᴺQ. vinima.

miru

noun. wine

Element in

• ᴺQ. mirumírë “amethyst, (lit.) wine-jewel”
• ᴺQ. mirucarnë “wine-red”
• ᴺQ. mirupio “grape, (lit.) wine-berry”
• ᴺQ. mirúva “like wine, winy”

vinima

adjective. childish

gwein

adjective. young

adj. young. Q. vinya. >> gwîn

gwein

adjective. young

gwain

adjective. young, *new

This word, the cognate of Q. vinya, is attested only in the form gwein (PE17/191). As elements of the canonical names Iarwain “Old-young” and Narwain “January, ✱New-fire”, it clearly should be gwain. Perhaps the form gwein uses the older, Noldorin phonology, as N. gweith >> S. gwaith and N. teith >> S. taith. @@@

Cognates

• Q. vinya “young, new” ✧ PE17/191

Derivations

• √WIN “young, young, [ᴹ√] new, fresh” ✧ PE17/191

Element in

• S. Gwinion “Young-land”
• S. Iarwain “Old-young” ✧ SA/iaur
• S. Narwain “January, *(lit.) New Fire”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√WIN > gwein	[winjā] > [winja] > [gwinja] > [gwenja] > [gwenia] > [gweni] > [gwein] > [gwain]	✧ PE17/191

Variations

• gwein ✧ PE17/191

gwain

adjective. new

sain

adjective. new

cýr

adjective. renewed

gwinig

noun. "litte baby"

gwinig

noun. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

gwîn

noun. wine, vine

The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

cîr

adjective. renewed

neth

young

neth (pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.

neth

young

(pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.

dess

young woman

(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)

cýron

new moon

(i gýron), pl. cýroen (i chýroen). Archaic ✱cýraun, spelt cýrawn in the source (VT48:7).

cîw

new

(lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh)

eden

new

(begun again), pl. edin

elu

pale blue

1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?) 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form)

elu

pale blue

1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?). 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form).

gwain

new

1) #gwain (gwin-), lenited wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya. 2) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh), 3) eden (begun again), pl. edin; 4) sain (sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn;

gwain

new

(gwin-), lenited ’wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya.

sain

adjective. new

sain

new

(sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn

ŷ

noun. wine

A neologism for “wine” coined by Hialmr appearing in VQP (VQP), based on ᴱQ. io “wine” (PE16/141).

Cognates

• Eq. io “wine”

miru

noun. wine

Element in

• ᴺS. mirwelthen “vintage, *(lit.) wine pressing”
• ᴺS. mirybin “grape, (lit.) wine-berry”

siniath

news

(tidings) (i siniath).

cîl

renewal

(i gîl; no distinct pl. form except with article: i chîl) (VT48:8)

cîr

renewed

clashes with the word for ”ship”.s

win

root. young, young, [ᴹ√] new, fresh

Tolkien used a similar set of Elvish roots for “youth” and “freshness” for many years. The earliest of these was primitive guı̯u̯ or gu̯iu̯ [ᴱ√GWIWI] in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like G. gui “just, just now, only just, already”, G. guin “recent, fresh”, and G. gwioth “youth” (GL/42). This root reappeared as ᴹ√WIR “new, fresh, young” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ᴹ√WĪ and ᴹ√WIN and derivatives ᴹQ. vírie “youth” and ᴹQ. virya “fresh” (EtyAC/WIR). The ᴹ√WIN variant had derivatives ᴹQ. vinya/N. gwîn “young”. Tolkien considered, but rejected, deriving these from strengthened ᴹ√GWIN instead, producing (also rejected) ᴹQ. winya/N. bîn (EtyAC/GWIN).

Q. vinya appeared in quite a few later names with the gloss “young” or “new”, but the Sindarin form became S. gwain as in S. Narwain “January, ✱(lit.) New Fire” (LotR/1110) and S. Iarwain “Old-young” (LotR/1114; RC/128). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, both were given as derivatives of √WIN “young” along with Q. víne/S. gwîn “youth”, though the Sindarin word for “young” was given as (archaic?) gwein (PE17/191). Also related are various words for “baby” from 1968 notes such Q. †wine/S. gwinig “little-one, baby” (VT48/6). In these notes primitive wini was glossed “little” but this was deleted (VT47/26), making it likely that the earlier senses “young, new” were restored for √WIN.

As for the 1930s root ᴹ√WIR, it might have survived as an element in the month names Q. Víressë/S. Gwirith “April” (LotR/1110), perhaps meaning “✱freshness”.

Derivatives

• ✶wini “child not yet full grown” ✧ VT47/26
  • Q. winë “baby, little-one, child not yet full grown” ✧ VT47/26
• ᴺQ. vin “just, just now, only just, already”
• Q. vínë “youth, youth, *childhood” ✧ PE17/191; VT47/26
• Q. vinya “young, new” ✧ PE17/191; VT47/26
• Q. Víressë “April, *Freshness”
• S. gwain “young, *new” ✧ PE17/191
• ᴺS. gwí “just, just now, only just, already”
• S. gwîn “youth” ✧ PE17/191

Element in

• S. gwinig “little-one, baby”
• S. Gwirith “April, *Freshness”
• T. winicë “little-one, baby”

Variations

• wini ✧ VT47/26 (wini)
• win ✧ VT47/26

gwîn

adjective. young

Changes

• gwîn → bîn ✧ EtyAC/GWIN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. vinya “young, new” ✧ EtyAC/GWIN; EtyAC/GWIN; EtyAC/WIR

Derivations

• ᴹ√WIN “new, fresh, young” ✧ EtyAC/GWIN; EtyAC/WIR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GWIN > bîn	[gwinje] > [binje] > [binie] > [bini] > [bin] > [bīn]	✧ EtyAC/GWIN
ᴹ√WINI > gwîn	[winje] > [gwinje] > [gwinie] > [gwini] > [gwin] > [gwīn]	✧ EtyAC/WIR

Variations

• bîn ✧ EtyAC/GWIN (bîn)
• gwîn ✧ EtyAC/GWIN (gwîn); EtyAC/WIR

neth

adjective. young

neth

adjective. young

irregular, compare: tathor @@@

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nessa “young” ✧ Ety/NETH

Derivations

• ᴹ✶nethrā “young” ✧ Ety/NETH
  • ᴹ√NETH “young” ✧ Ety/NETH
• ᴹ√NETH “young” ✧ Ety/NĪ¹; EtyAC/NIS

Element in

• N. dineth “bride” ✧ Ety/NĪ¹; EtyAC/NIS
• N. Neth “Nessa” ✧ Ety/NETH
• N. Nethwelein “Younger Gods”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶nethra > neth	[netʰra] > [neθra] > [neθr] > [neθ]	✧ Ety/NETH

eden

adjective. new, begun again

sein

adjective. new

sein

adjective. new

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sinya “new, new, *current” ✧ Ety/SI

Derivations

• ᴹ√SI “this, here, now” ✧ Ety/SI

Element in

• N. siniath “news, tidings” ✧ Ety/SI
• N. sinnarn “novel tale” ✧ Ety/SI

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SI > sein	[sinja] > [senja] > [senia] > [seni] > [sein]	✧ Ety/SI
ᴹ√SI > sîn	[sinji] > [sini] > [sin] > [sīn]	✧ Ety/SI

gwind

noun. pale blue

Changes

• gwinn → gwinn “blue-grey, pale blue or grey” ✧ EtyAC/WIN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. vinya “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN
• ᴹQ. vinde “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/GWINDI; EtyAC/WIN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶windı̯ā “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN
  • ᴹ√WIN(I)D “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN
• ᴹ√WIN(I)D “pale blue” ✧ EtyAC/GWINDI

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶windi > gwind > gwinn	[windi] > [winde] > [gwinde] > [gwind] > [gwinn]	✧ Ety/WIN
ᴹ√GWINDI > bind > binn	[gwindi] > [gwinde] > [binde] > [bind] > [binn]	✧ EtyAC/GWINDI
ᴹ✶windi > gwind > gwinn	[windi] > [winde] > [gwinde] > [gwind] > [gwinn]	✧ EtyAC/WIN

Variations

• gwinn ✧ Ety/WIN (gwinn); EtyAC/WIN (gwinn)
• binn ✧ EtyAC/GWINDI (binn)

gwîn

noun. wine, vine

The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

gwîn

adjective. young