sana

that

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

sonda

dear, fond

[sonda adj. "dear, fond" (VT46:15)]

sa

conjunction. that

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/tó "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

i

pronoun. that

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

• Q. tambë “*as, so”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ta	“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

• tănā ✧ VT49/11

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

melin

dear

melin adj. "dear" (MEL)

melda

adjective. dear, beloved, beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet

Cognates

• S. mell “dear, beloved” ✧ PE17/041

Derivations

• ✶melnā “dear, beloved” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/056
  • √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)” ✧ PE17/041

Element in

• Q. A anamelda na ar ilyan “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A anamelda na epë B “A is dear before B” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A anamelda na ep’ ilya “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A arimelda na epe B “A is (very much) [dearer] than B” ✧ PE17/056 (A arimelda na epe B)
• Q. A arimelda na ilyaron “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. nessamelda “species of tree in Númenor, (lit.) beloved of Nessa”
• Q. vanimelda “beautiful and beloved, elven-fair” ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶melnā > meldā > melda	[melnā] > [meldā] > [melda]	✧ PE17/041
✶mel-nā > melda	[melnā] > [meldā] > [melda]	✧ PE17/056

santa

noun. garden, field, yard; apportioned/designated space

@@@ Discord 2023-02-24; Idiom: santa-[personal possessive X]-sse “for [X]’s part; as far as [X] is concerned; from [X]’s point of view; as comes from/is done by [X]” (lit. “in [X]’s garden”)

Cognates

• S. sant “garden, field, yard”

Elements

Word	Gloss
SAT	“space, place; divide, apportion, mark off”

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

• S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

mell

adjective. dear

_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.

mell

adjective. dear, beloved

Cognates

• Q. melda “dear, beloved, beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet” ✧ PE17/041

Derivations

• ✶melnā “dear, beloved” ✧ PE17/041
  • √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)” ✧ PE17/041

Element in

• S. Melian “Dear Gift”
• S. mellon “friend” ✧ PE17/041

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶melnā > mell	[melnā] > [mellā] > [mella] > [mell]	✧ PE17/041

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

• √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

mail

dear

mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)

mail

dear

(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

• S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042

melnā

noun. dear, beloved

Derivations

• √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)” ✧ PE17/041

Derivatives

• Q. melda “dear, beloved, beloved, dear, [ᴹQ.] sweet” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/056
• S. mell “dear, beloved” ✧ PE17/041

Variations

• mel-nā ✧ PE17/056

mell

adjective. dear

mell

adjective. dear

Cognates

• ᴹQ. melda “beloved, dear, sweet” ✧ Ety/MEL

Derivations

• ᴹ√MEL “love (as friend)” ✧ Ety/MEL

Element in

• N. mellon “friend” ✧ Ety/MEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MEL > mell	[meldā] > [melda] > [melða] > [melð] > [mell]	✧ Ety/MEL

muin

adjective. dear

muin

adjective. dear

Cognates

• ᴹQ. moina “familiar, dear” ✧ Ety/MOY

Derivations

• On. muina “dear” ✧ Ety/MOY
  • ✶moina
  • ᴹ√MOY “dear, dear; [ᴱ√] *soft, gentle” ✧ Ety/MUY
  • ᴹ√MOY “dear, dear; [ᴱ√] *soft, gentle” ✧ Ety/MOY
• ᴹ√MOY “dear, dear; [ᴱ√] *soft, gentle” ✧ Ety/THEL; Ety/TOR

Element in

• N. muinthel “sister” ✧ Ety/THEL
• N. muindor “brother” ✧ Ety/TOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. muina > muin	[muina] > [muin]	✧ Ety/MOY

Variations

• muin ✧ Ety/MOY; Ety/THEL; Ety/TOR