Quenya 

rau

lion

rau (pl. rávi) noun "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to , q.v.)

lion

(2) noun "lion", stem #ráv- as in the pl. rávi (RAW). Compare rau.

noun. lion

An archaic word for “lion” mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, versus more common Q. rauro (PE19/99, 104).

Conceptual Development: This word has a lengthy history in Tolkien’s conception of Elvish, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. rau “lion” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had “lion” (PE21/40). It appeared in The Etymologies from later in the 1930s as ᴹQ. “lion” derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW, with plural form rávi (Ety/RAW).

In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from this period Tolkien had (unglossed) rāva < rāwa (PE19/62), but in Notes for Qenya Declensions from the 1940s Tolkien had (unglossed) rāu < rắwă (PE21/69). The last clear mention in currently published materials is in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as discussed above.

Cognates

  • ᴺS. raw “lion”

Derivations

  • rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Element in

  • ᴺQ. ëarra “seal, sea lion”
  • ᴺQ. picara “leopard”
  • ᴺQ. rimpira “tiger, (lit.) stripe-lion”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
rāw > [rāw] > [rā]✧ PE19/099
rāw > [rāw] > [rā]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • ✧ PE19/099 (); PE19/104
Quenya [PE19/099; PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rá†

noun. lion

lion

Quenya [PE 19:99] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

merca

wild, untamed

[merca ("k")adj. "wild, untamed" (MERÉK, VT45:34)] Compare verca.

rauro

noun. lion

lion

Quenya [PE 19:99, 104] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rauro

noun. lion

The common Quenya word for “lion” (more literally “roarer”) appearing in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as opposed to archaic Q. † (PE19/99, 104); see that entry for further discussion of its conceptual development.

Derivations

  • rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”
  • raurō “roarer” ✧ PE19/104
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
rāw > raurō[rauro]✧ PE19/099
rau̯rō > rauro[raurō] > [rauro]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • raurō ✧ PE19/099
Quenya [PE19/099; PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ráva

bank

ráva (2) noun "bank" (especially of a river) (RAMBĀ)

verca

wild

verca ("k")adj. "wild" (BERÉK)

hráva

wild

hráva adj. "wild" (PE17:78); see ráva #1.

hrávë

flesh

hrávë noun "flesh" (MR:349)

hrávë

noun. flesh

A word for “flesh” appearing in documents from 1959, derived from primitive ✶srāwe based on the root √SRAW (MR/349-350).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. hara or haranda “flesh-meat” (QL/39), also mentioned as hara(nda) “fleshmeat” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/39). These early forms might have been a precursor to later hrávë. Another potential precursor is ᴱQ. sarko (sarku-) “flesh, living flesh, body” from the early root ᴱ√SṚKṚ “fat” (QL/86).

Cognates

  • S. rhaw “flesh, body” ✧ MR/471; MR/350; MR/470

Derivations

  • srāwe “*flesh” ✧ MR/350
    • SRAW “body, flesh”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
srāwe > hrávë[srāwe] > [r̥āwe] > [r̥āβe] > [r̥āve]✧ MR/350
Quenya [MR/349; MR/350; MR/470; MR/471] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sarco

flesh

sarco ("k") noun "flesh" (LT2:347; Tolkien's later Quenya has hrávë)

Sindarin 

rhaw

adjective. wild

adj. wild. Q. hráva. Tolkien wrote this entry as "rhaw [f]" (PE17:78).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:78] < S-RAB wild, in the senses 'not tamed, domesticated'; hence often 'fierce, savage, hostile (to Elves and Men)' < RAB astray, wa. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rhaw

adjective. wild, wild, [N.] untamed

Cognates

  • Q. hráva “wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed” ✧ PE17/078

Derivations

  • SRAB “wild, not tamed/domesticated” ✧ PE17/078

Element in

  • S. rhovan “wilderness; wild beast”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
S-RAB > rhaw(f)[srāba] > [r̥āba] > [r̥ǭba] > [r̥ǭva] > [r̥auva] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]✧ PE17/078

Variations

  • rhaw(f) ✧ PE17/078
Sindarin [PE17/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhaw

noun. flesh, body

Sindarin [MR/350, VT/47:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaw

noun. flesh, body

A Sindarin word appearing in documents from 1959, a melding of primitive ✶srawā “body” and ✶srāwe “flesh”, both based on the root √SRAW (MR/349-350). It reappeared in notes from 1968 with just the gloss “flesh” as a derivative for primitive srā (VT47/12).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would only use rhaw for “flesh” (of a living body), and would retain the 1957 word S. rhond for “body”; see that entry for discussion.

Cognates

  • Q. hrávë “flesh” ✧ MR/471; MR/350; MR/470
  • Q. hröa “body, bodily form, flesh; physical matter” ✧ MR/350

Derivations

  • srāwe “*flesh” ✧ MR/350
    • SRAW “body, flesh”
  • SRAW “body, flesh” ✧ VT47/35

Element in

  • ᴺS. rhofelf “body-feeling, [physical] sensation”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
srāwe > rhaw[srāwe] > [r̥āwe] > [r̥ǭwe] > [r̥auwe] > [r̥auw] > [r̥au]✧ MR/350

Variations

  • rhaw ✧ MR/350; MR/470; MR/471; VT47/12
Sindarin [MR/350; MR/470; MR/471; VT47/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raw

noun. lion

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

Sindarin [Ety/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhavan

noun. wild man

Sindarin [WJ/219] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhond

noun. body

n. body. >> rhonn, rhû

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:183] < RON solid, tangible, firm. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rhond

noun. body

A Sindarin word for “body”, cognate of Q. hrondo, appearing as rhonn in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN: PE17/183) and as rhond or rhonn in notes concerning spirit, also probably from 1957 (NM/237). In the former document, it was derived from the root √SRON, a variant of √RON “solid, tangible, firm” (PE17/183).

Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate hrondo was replaced by Q. hröa < ✶srawā in notes from 1958-59 (MR/209, 350). However, the Sindarin equivalent of hroa was rhaw, a word that also meant “flesh” along with many other (Neo) Sindarin meanings such as “wild” and “lion”. As such, I would retain rhond as “body” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; the continued viability of the root √RON is indicated by other words like S. Grond.

Cognates

  • Q. hrondo “(physical) body, corporeal form” ✧ PE17/183

Derivations

  • SRON “flesh, substance, matter, substance, matter, flesh” ✧ PE17/183
    • RON “solid, tangible, firm” ✧ PE17/183

Element in

  • S. Elrond “Star-dome” ✧ PE17/183

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
SRON > rhond > rhonn[srondo] > [r̥ondo] > [r̥ond] > [r̥onn]✧ PE17/183

Variations

  • rhonn ✧ NM/237; PE17/183
Sindarin [NM/237; PE17/183] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhonn

noun. body

n. body. >> rhond, rhû

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:183] < RON solid, tangible, firm. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rhaw

wild

1) rhaw (untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”, 2) braig (fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34), 3) lothren (waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

rhaw

wild

(untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”

rhaw

flesh

rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)

rhaw

flesh

(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*

rhaw

body

rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350).

rhaw

body

(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*.

rhaw

untamed

rhaw (wild). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”.

rhaw

untamed

(wild). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”.

raw

lion

*raw (pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. lion

Cognates

  • Q. “lion”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

raw

lion

(pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(esp. river-bank) raw (pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

braig

wild

(fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)

lothren

wild

(waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

fân

manifested body of a vala

(veil, cloud), construct fan, pl. fain.

bellas

bodily strength

(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.

Primitive elvish

rāw

noun. lion

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Derivatives

  • Q. “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
  • Q. rauro “lion” ✧ PE19/099
Primitive elvish [PE19/099; PE19/102; PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

srawā

noun. body

Derivations

  • SRAW “body, flesh” ✧ VT47/35

Derivatives

  • Q. hröa “body, bodily form, flesh; physical matter” ✧ MR/350; VT41/14; VT47/35

Element in

Variations

  • srawa ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [MR/350; VT41/14; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

srā

noun. flesh

Derivations

  • SRAW “body, flesh” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

Meaning rectified according to VT/46:10

Noldorin [Ety/382, X/RH, VT/46:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaw

noun. lion

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaw

noun. lion

A noun appearing as N. rhaw “lion” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW (Ety/RAW), where the initial r was unvoiced to rh as was generally the case in Noldorin. It had a Noldorin plural form of rhui.

Conceptual Development: G. rau “lion” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/65), probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA like its cognate ᴱQ. rau “lion” (QL/79).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. raw “lion” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). Its Sindarin-style plural is more likely to be roe(w) rather than ✱✱rui: compare Sindarin plural S. noeg of naug “dwarf” (UT/100) vs. its Noldorin plural N. nuig (EtyAC/NAUK).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

  • On. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW
    • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. > rhaw[rǭ] > [rou] > [rau] > [r̥au]✧ Ety/RAW
On. rōwi > rhui[rǭwi] > [rouwi] > [rauwi] > [ruiw] > [r̥uiw] > [r̥ui]✧ Ety/RAW

Variations

  • rhaw ✧ Ety/RAW

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

Noldorin [Ety/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

According to the editorial corrections in EtyAC/RAB, the gloss “wilderness” in The Etymologies is actually associated with a different word, rhofan, so that the proper gloss of this word is likely the same as its Quenya cognate ráva: “wild, untamed”.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ráva “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶rāba “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB
    • ᴹ√RAB “*wild” ✧ Ety/RAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rāba > rhaw[rāba] > [rǭba] > [rouba] > [rouva] > [rauva] > [rauv] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]✧ Ety/RAB

Variations

  • rhaw ✧ Ety/RAB; EtyAC/RAB
Noldorin [Ety/RAB; EtyAC/RAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

A noun given as N. rhaw “bank, especially of a river” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a derivative of the root ᴹ√RAB, also the basis for N. rham “wall” (Ety/RAMBĀ; EtyAC/RAMBĀ).

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this would would become ᴺS. raw as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I think it is better still to use the less ambiguous N. duirro for “river bank” given the other homonyms for S. raw.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ráva “bank (especially of a river)” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAB “*wall” ✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Element in

  • N. duirro “*river-bank” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAB² > rhaw[rāba] > [rǭba] > [rouba] > [rouva] > [rauva] > [rauv] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Variations

  • rhaw ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ
Noldorin [Ety/RAMBĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/45:34] Group: SINDICT. Published by

breig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/45:34] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

noun. lion

Cognates

  • On. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
  • N. rhaw “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/69
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rāu̯ > [rāw] > [rā]✧ Ety/RAW
ᴹ✶rāwa > rāva[rāwa] > [rāva]✧ PE19/062
ᴹ✶rắwă > rāu[rāwa] > [rāw]✧ PE21/69

Variations

  • rāva ✧ PE19/062
  • ✧ PE21/40
  • rāu ✧ PE21/69 (rāu)
Qenya [Ety/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/40; PE21/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

merka

adjective. wild, untamed

Changes

  • merkaverka “wild” ✧ Ety/MERÉK

Cognates

  • N. breig “wild, fierce” ✧ Ety/MERÉK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MEREK ✧ Ety/MERÉK; EtyAC/MERÉK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MERÉK > merka[mereka] > [merka]✧ Ety/MERÉK
Qenya [Ety/MERÉK; EtyAC/MERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ráva

noun. lion

ráva

adjective. wild, untamed

Cognates

  • N. rhaw “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶rāba “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB
    • ᴹ√RAB “*wild” ✧ Ety/RAB

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ravanda “wilderness” ✧ Ety/RAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rāba > ráva[rāba] > [rāβa] > [rāva]✧ Ety/RAB

Variations

  • ráva ✧ Ety/RAB

ráva

noun. bank (especially of a river)

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bank, especially of a river” derived from the root ᴹ√RAB, also the basis for ᴹQ. ramba “wall” (Ety/RAMBĀ; EtyAC/RAMBĀ).

Cognates

  • N. rhaw “bank (especially of a river)” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAB “*wall” ✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAB² > ráva[rāba] > [rāβa] > [rāva]✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Variations

  • ráva ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

verka

adjective. wild

Cognates

  • N. bregol “violent, sudden, *fierce” ✧ Ety/BERÉK

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶berékā “wild” ✧ Ety/BERÉK
    • ᴹ√BEREK “*sudden, fierce” ✧ Ety/BERÉK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶berékā > verka[berekā] > [berkā] > [βerkā] > [βerka] > [verka]✧ Ety/BERÉK
Qenya [Ety/BERÉK; Ety/MERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. lion

Old Noldorin 

noun. lion

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivatives

  • N. rhaw “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rāu̯ > [rāw] > [rā] > [rǭ]✧ Ety/RAW

Variations

  • ✧ EtyAC/RAW
  • rówi ✧ EtyAC/RAW
Old Noldorin [Ety/RAW; EtyAC/RAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

rāu

noun. lion

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/69
  • On. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
    • N. rhaw “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW

Variations

  • rāu̯ ✧ Ety/RAW
  • rāwa ✧ PE19/062
  • rắwă ✧ PE21/69
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RAW; EtyAC/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rāba

adjective. wild, untamed

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAB “*wild” ✧ Ety/RAB

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ráva “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB
  • N. rhaw “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

berékā

adjective. wild

Derivations

  • ᴹ√BEREK “*sudden, fierce” ✧ Ety/BERÉK

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. vercála “sudden, violent”
  • ᴹQ. verka “wild” ✧ Ety/BERÉK
  • N. bregol “violent, sudden, *fierce” ✧ Ety/BERÉK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

rau

noun. lion

Cognates

  • Eq. rau “lion” ✧ LT1A/Meássë

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RAVA “*hunt” ✧ LT1A/Meássë
Gnomish [GL/65; LT1A/Meássë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

rau

noun. lion

Cognates

  • G. rau “lion” ✧ LT1A/Meássë

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RAVA “*hunt” ✧ LT1A/Meássë; QL/079

Element in

  • Eq. ravenne “she-lion” ✧ QL/079

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RAVA > Rau[raβ] > [rau]✧ QL/079

Variations

  • Rau ✧ QL/079
Early Quenya [LT1A/Meássë; PME/079; QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mimbe

noun. flesh

A word for “flesh” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MIMI (QL/61).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MIMI “*flesh” ✧ QL/061

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MIMI > mimbe[mimbē] > [mimbe]✧ QL/061
Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kolume

noun. body

A word for “body” in notes on parts of the body from the 1920s (PE14/117).

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by