tul-

verb. to come

Cognates

• N. tol- “to come” ✧ Ety/TUL

Derivations

• ᴹ√TUL “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker)” ✧ Ety/TUL; PE22/103

Element in

• ᴹQ. á e tule, ási e tule ✧ PE22/105
• ᴹQ. á he tuluvar “let them come” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·utúliévane ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet “if he had asked me, I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were to ask me, I should come” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. aiqe kestuvan ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were he to ask, I should come” ✧ PE22/097
• ᴹQ. á ke·tule ✧ PE22/105
• ᴹQ. á le·tule ✧ PE22/105
• ᴹQ. á le·tulir ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. ar Sauron túle nukumna Númenórenna “and Sauron came humbled to Númenor” ✧ LR/047; SD/246; SD/310
• ᴹQ. á(si) he tulir ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. ási tule “come now!” ✧ PE22/105
• ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen, au ni·túlie “if he had asked me, I might have come” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. attul- “to come back, return”
• ᴹQ. ettul- “*to come forth, come out, issue”
• ᴹQ. e tul’á ✧ PE22/105
• ᴹQ. e·merne ataretta tule “he wished his father to come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. he tulir á ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. illume e·kestanen/kestanelyanen, ni·tulle “when/if he (had) asked me, I came” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. íqa ette tule, (san) inye tule “when(ever) hé comes, Í come” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
• ᴹQ. ke·tuluva? “will you come, please?” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. leláne tule “you did not come” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. le tule ✧ PE22/105
• ᴹQ. le tulir ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. le-tuluva? “will you come, please?” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e utúlie “*having built a house he has come” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már karnelya e·tulle “having built a house he came” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. me telir tule “we mean to come” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118 (me menir tule)
• ᴹQ. me·merilte tule “we wish him to come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro tule “we wished that Turo come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. ni qetis tule “I tell him to come, say to him to come, bid him to come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni tele tule “I intend to come” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118 (ni mene tule)
• ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·tule “I wish him to come/that he come(s)” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni·merite tule “I wish him to come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni·te·qete tule “I tell him to come, say to him to come, bid him to come” ✧ PE22/118
• ᴹQ. ni·utúlie nyariello ve atarella “I have just come from talking with your father” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tule, (san) inye tule yú “if/when he comes, I come too” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
• ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tulle, (san) inye tulle yú “if/when he came, I came too” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
• ᴹQ. qe e·kestan/kestuvan ni·tuluva “if he asks me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/097
• ᴹQ. qe e·kestanen, ni·tulle “if he asked me I came” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. qe e·kestan, ni·tuluva “if he asks me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. qe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “when he asks me, I shall come; if on some future occasion he asks me, then on that occasion I shall come” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. túlima “*able to be brought”
• ᴹQ. tulumaite “likely to come, probable (of future events)”
• ᴹQ. tuluste “arrival”
• ᴹQ. tutulla- “to keep on coming (and going)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TUL > tulin	[tul-]	✧ Ety/TUL
ᴹ√TUL > tule	[tul-]	✧ PE22/103
ᴹ√TUL > tulle	[tunle] > [tulle]	✧ PE22/103

yáve

noun. fruit

Cognates

• N. iau “corn, corn, *cereal crop” ✧ Ety/YAB

Derivations

• ᴹ√YAB “fruit” ✧ Ety/YAB

Element in

• ᴹQ. Yavanna “Fruit-giver” ✧ Ety/YAB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YAB > yáve	[jābe] > [jāβe] > [jāve]	✧ Ety/YAB

yab

root. fruit

The first appearance of this root was as unglossed ᴱ√Ẏ̯AVA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with a Gnomish form gav- and derivatives like ᴱQ. yausta “crop” and ᴱQ. yáva “fruit, produce” (QL/105). The Gnomish form appeared as the verb G. gav- “produce, yield, bear fruit” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon along with other derivatives like G. gaust “corn, crop (espec. of cereal)” and G. gôf “fruit” (GL/38). In the Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien specified the primitive form as √ı̯aƀa and said “note not gı̯aƀ, for cp. Ivon < ı̯ǝƀánna, Q Yavanna” (GL/38).

The root appeared as ᴹ√YAB “fruit” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yáve “fruit” and N. iau “corn” (Ety/YAB). Tolkien’s continued use of Q. yávë for “fruit” (VT43/31) and the names Q. Yavanna/S. Ivann “Fruit-giver” (S/27; LotR/1110) indicate the ongoing validity of this root.

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶yāba “fruit”
• ᴺQ. yausta “crop”
• ᴺQ. yava- “to bear (fruit), *yield, bring forth, produce”
• Q. yávë “fruit”
• ᴹQ. yáve “fruit” ✧ Ety/YAB
• ᴺS. iâf “fruit”
• N. iau “corn, corn, *cereal crop” ✧ Ety/YAB
• ᴺS. iaust “crop, *yield, produce; corn”
• ᴺS. iav- “to produce, yield, bear fruit”
• ᴺS. iavren “fertile”
• S. Ivann “Fruit-giver”

Element in

• ᴹQ. Yavanna “Fruit-giver” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
• N. Ivann “Fruit-giver” ✧ Ety/YAB

yāba

noun. fruit

Derivations

• ᴹ√YAB “fruit”

Element in

• ᴹ✶yābā-sūka “fruit drink, cider” ✧ TMME/053 (yābā-sāb)

gav-

verb. to produce, yield, bear fruit

A verb appearing as G. gav- “produce, yield, bear fruit” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√ı̯aƀa [YAɃA] (GL/38), since in Gnomish of the 1910s an initial y usually became g (HPG/§2.1).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the root ᴹ√YAB survived in Tolkien’s later writing, I would salvage this Gnomish verb as ᴺS. iav- “to produce, yield, bear fruit” to better fit later phonology.

Cognates

• Eq. yava- “to bear fruit”

Derivations

• ᴱ√ẎAVA “*fruit” ✧ GL/38

Element in

• G. gavon “harvest (time)” ✧ GL/38
• G. gavos “yield, crop, produce” ✧ GL/38

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ı̯aƀa > gav-	[jaβ-] > [jav-] > [gav-]	✧ GL/38

gavos

noun. yield, crop, produce

A noun appearing as G. gavos “the yield, the crop, produce” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√ı̯aƀa [YAɃA] (GL/38), since in Gnomish of the 1910s an initial y usually became g (HPG/§2.1).

Neo-Sindarin: The later iteration of this word was probably S. iavas “autumn” (LotR/1107). As this later meaning is significantly different, I would use ᴺS. iaust for “crop, ✱yield, produce” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; see that entry for discussion.

toqo

root. bear fruit, bear, bring forth, produce

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bear fruit, bear, bring forth, produce” with a single derived verb ᴱQ. toqo- of similar meaning (QL/94). In later writings “fruit” words were usually derived from ᴹ√YAB.

Derivatives

• Eq. toqo- “to yield, give, bear, bring forth” ✧ QL/094

tulu-

verb. to bring, carry, fetch; to move (intr.), come; to produce, bear fruit

Cognates

• G. tul- “to bring; to come to; †to support” ✧ LT1A/tulielto
• G. tultha- “to lift, carry” ✧ LT1A/tulielto

Derivations

• ᴱ√TULU “fetch, bear, bring; move, come; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry” ✧ LT1A/tulielto; QL/095

Element in

• Eq. antulu- “to return” ✧ LT1A/tulielto
• Eq. e tulien “is having come, has come” ✧ PE14/057
• Eq. (h)a·tule “it comes (some definite thing)” ✧ PE14/052
• Eq. ha·tule “it (some definite thing) comes” ✧ PE14/085
• Eq. hi·tule ki “she may be coming, may come” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. hi·tule nai “she might (possibly) come or be coming” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. hi·túlie nai “she might have come” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. hi·tulinde nai “she {will >>} might be coming (supposing else also to be the case, which we know is not so)” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. hi·tuluva nai “she might (conceivably) come at some time in the future” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. i·Eldar tulier “the Eldar have come” ✧ LT1/114
• Eq. le·tul ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. le·tulil (en) ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. mai ke·tule “do you come?” ✧ PE14/053
• Eq. mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai “if I come then they might come” ✧ PE14/059 (mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai); PE14/059 (mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai*)
• Eq. mai ni·tule tu·tulil “if I come (generic), they come (generic)” ✧ PE14/059; PE14/059
• Eq. mai ni·túlie tu·túliel “*if I had come, they would have come” ✧ PE14/059; PE14/059
• Eq. mai ni·tuluva tu·tuluval “whenever I come, they will come” ✧ PE14/059; PE14/059
• Eq. mai ni·tuluva tu·tuluval ki “if I come (fut.), they will come” ✧ PE14/059; PE14/059
• Eq. me·tul ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. me·tulil “we come” ✧ PE14/056
• Eq. me·tulil enno “let us come” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. naike hi·tule “would she might come (of something remotely possible or impossible)” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. nímo tule “*it is I that comes” ✧ PE14/056
• Eq. nímo tule! “I come (of course I don’t)” ✧ PE14/053
• Eq. ni·tule “I come” ✧ PE14/053; PE14/056
• Eq. ni·tule nímo “it is I that come[s]” ✧ PE14/053; PE14/056
• Eq. tul “come!” ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. tule mer “it comes to us, falls to our lot” ✧ PE14/085
• Eq. tule ne “it so happens that, it comes about that, it comes to pass that” ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
• Eq. tulies i néri “the men arrived” ✧ PE14/032
• Eq. túlima “(worth bringing) bringable, able to be brought”
• Eq. tulinya “(bringable) worth bringing”
• Eq. tultárie “[unglossed]”
• Eq. tulalka “able to bring”
• Eq. tu·tul ✧ PE14/059
• Eq. va tulien “will be having come” ✧ PE14/057

Variations

• tul- ✧ PE14/028; PE14/057; PE16/133

yáva

noun. fruit, produce

Cognates

• G. gôf “fruit (esp. of tree)”

Derivations

• ᴱ√ẎAVA “*fruit” ✧ LT1A/Yavanna; QL/105

Element in

• Eq. Yavanna ✧ LT1A/Yavanna; QL/105
• Eq. yávan “harvest, autumn” ✧ LT1A/Yavanna; QL/105

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√Ẏ̯AVA > yāva	[jāβā] > [jāβa] > [jāva]	✧ QL/105

Variations

• yāva ✧ QL/105

yausta

noun. crop

A word appearing as ᴱQ. yausta “crop” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ẎAVA having to do with fruit (QL/105).

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹ√YAB “fruit” survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I think ᴺQ. yausta “crop” can be retained for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

• G. gaust “corn, crop (espec. of cereal)”

Derivations

• ᴱ√ẎAVA “*fruit” ✧ QL/105

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√Ẏ̯AVA > yausta	[jaβstā] > [jaβsta] > [jausta]	✧ QL/105