Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

aracondo

masculine name. *Noble Prince

A name associated with Turgon in a set of notes exploring possibly etymologies of his name (PE17/113), possibly his mother-name since Sarafinwë is given as his father-name in the same notes, while Turukondo (from which Turgon is derived) is said to be his “title”. Its Sindarin cognate Argond is similar to the Sindarin form of the name of Fingolfin’s son Aracáno, so perhaps Aracondo is a precursor that name. Aracondo is a compound of ar(a)- “noble” and condo “prince”.

arafinwë

masculine name. *Noble Finwë

Father-name of Finarfin (PM/344) from which his Sindarin name was derived. It is a compound ar(a)- “high, noble” and the name of his father, Finwë.

aratan

masculine name. *Noble Man

Second son of Isildur (S/295), his name seems to be a compound of ar(a)- “noble” and Atan “man”.

arciryas

masculine name. *Noble Ship

Younger son of the 28th king of Gondor Telumehtar (LotR/1038), his name seems to be a combination of ar(a)- “noble” and cirya “ship”.

argol(do)

masculine name. Noble Noldo

A name attested only as an example of the phonetic rule that [[q|medial [ŋ] after a [n], [ŋ], [l], [r] became [g]]] (PE19/81). It seems to be a compound of ar(a)- “noble” and Noldo.

armenelos

place name. City of the Kings; *(lit.) Noble Heaven City

The capital city of Númenor. Tolkien glossed this name as the “City of the Kings” (UT/165), but the elements of the name appear to be ar- “noble”, menel “heavens” and the suffixal form -os of osto “city”. As such, its literal meaning seems to be “✱Noble Heaven City”, probably a reference to its location on the slopes of the mountain Meneltarma. The city’s Adûnaic name, Arminalêth, has a similar meaning.

Conceptual development: In the earliest stories of Númenor, the name of this city was given as ᴹQ. Númenos or Númar (LR/14). In the later versions of the story associated with “The Notion Club Papers”, its Quenya name was change to ᴹQ. Antirion (SD/347), but for the most part it was referred to by its Adûnaic name Arminalêth. In the drafts of the Akallebêth the Quenya name was Q. Tar Calimos (PM/145) before it was replaced by its final form Armenelos as in the published version of The Silmarillion.

In the index of Sauron Defeated, Christopher Tolkien incorrectly wrote that Armenelos replaced the name Arminalêth (SDI2/Arminalêth). He corrected this mistake on PM/145, where J.R.R. Tolkien’s notes clearly indicate that Armenelos was the Eldarin [Quenya] name of the city, coexisting with its Adûnaic name Arminalêth.

artaher

masculine name. Noble Lord

The Quenya name of S. Orodreth in some of Tolkien’s later writings (PM/346, 350). It is a compound of the prefixal form arta- of arata “noble” and heru “lord”.

Conceptual Development: His Quenya name was initially Artanáro, but this was changed to Artaresto, while Artanáro became the Quenya name of his son Gil-galad (PM/350). Later, the name was changed again to Artaher and its Sindarin form to S. Arothir, which was probably meant to replace S. Orodreth in The Silmarillion, although Tolkien did not get around to making those changes. The name Artaresto is more compatible with his Sindarin name Orodreth in the published version of The Silmarillion.

artamir

masculine name. *Noble Jewel

Eldest son of the Gondorian king Ondoher, killed in battle before he could claim the throne (LotR/1049). His name is a compound of the prefixal form arta- of arata “noble” and mírë “jewel”.

artanis

feminine name. Noble Woman

The father-name of Galadriel (UT/231, PM/346-7). This name is a compound of the prefixal form arta- of arata “noble” and nís “woman”.

artanáro

masculine name. *Noble Fire

The Quenya name of Gil-galad in some late notes of Tolkien (PM/350). This name is a compound of the prefixal form arta- of arata “noble” and nár “fire”. In earlier versions of these notes, this was the Quenya name of his father Orodreth, but that Quenya name was eventually revised to Artaher.

Aratan

noble adan

Aratan masc. name *"Noble Adan" (Silm)

Argol(do)

noun. Noble Noldo

Noble Noldo

Artaher

noble lord

Artaher (Artahér-) masc. name "noble lord" (Sindarin Arothir) (PM:346)

Artamir

noble jewel

Artamir masc. name *"Noble jewel" (Appendix A); cf. mírë.

Artanis

noble woman

Artanis fem. name "noble woman" (PM:347)

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

callo

noble man, hero

callo ("k")noun "noble man, hero" (KAL)

tarhildi

high-men, the noble followers

tarhildi, pl. noun "High-men, the Noble followers" (PE17:18), referring to the Dúnedain. Sg. perhaps #tarhil (with stem #tarhild-), cf. tarcil.

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

ar(a)-

prefix. noble, high

arata

adjective. high, noble, exalted, lofty

arquen

noun. noble, knight

artafindë

masculine name. *Noble [Golden] Hair

A “Quenyarized” form of Findrod’s father-name: Findaráto, with the adjectival element arta- first (PM/346).

artanga

masculine name. *Noble Iron

A “Quenyarized” form of Angrod’s father-name: Angaráto, with the adjectival element arta- first (PM/346).

arta

adjective. high, noble, exalted, lofty

aráto

noun. champion, eminent man, noble, lord, king

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

arcöa

noun. palace, (lit.) noble-house

arta

exalted, lofty

arta (1) adj. "exalted, lofty" (PM:354), "high, noble" (PE17:118, 147); cf. names like Artaher, Artanis.

órë

heart

órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).

aran

noun. king

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

A prefix (and sometimes suffix) meaning “high” as in Tarcil “High Man” or Tarmenel “High Heaven”. It is often used in reference to royalty and nobility, as in Tarumbar “King of the World” or Sorontar “Lord of Eagles”, as well as the names of Númenorean kings and queens. It is related to the adjective tára “high” based on the root √TĀ/TAƷ of similar meaning (Ety/TĀ).

-tar

king

-tar or tar-, element meaning "king" or "queen" in compounds and names (TĀ/TA3), e.g. Valatar; compare the independent nouns tár, tári. Prefix Tar- especially in the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil in this case), cf. also Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", title used by Sauron (PE17:183). Also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also Tarmenel.

Amarië

good

Amarië fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending -ië (Silm)

Lindissë

woman

Lindissë fem.name, perhaps lin- (root of words having to do with song/music) + (n)dissë "woman" (see nís). (UT:210)

ala-

good

ala- (3), also al-, a prefix expressing "good" or "well" (PE17:146), as in alaquenta (q.v.) Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form (#2 above) is unclear and perhaps dubious.

aran

king

aran noun "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369, VT45:16, PE17:186); gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; aranya "my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369); aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor" (VT49:27). Also in arandil "king's friend, royalist", arandur "king's servant, minister" (Letters:386); Arantar masc. name, "King-Lord" (Appendix A); Arandor "Kingsland" region in Númenor (UT:165); the long form Arandórë appears as a name of Arnor in PE17:28 (elsewhere Arnanórë, q.v.) Othercompounds ingaran, Noldóran, Núaran, q.v.

aráto

champion, eminent man

aráto noun "champion, eminent man" (SA:ar(a) )

elwen

heart

elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)

enda

heart

enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)

halda

adjective. high, tall

haran

king, chieftain

haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TĀ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)

hón

heart

hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)

indo

heart, mood

indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.

mára

adjective. good

nissë

woman

nissë noun "woman" (NDIS-SĒ/SĀ, NI1, NIS, VT47:33); see nís. Note: nissë could apparently also mean "in me", the locative form of the 1st person pronoun ni, q.v.

nissë

noun. woman

ní

woman, female

†ní (2) noun "woman, female" (NI1, INI (NĒR ) ). Not to be confused with ní as a stressed form of the pronoun ni "I".

nína

woman

#nína (gen.pl. nínaron attested) noun "woman" (VT43:31; this word, as well as some other experimental forms listed in the same source, seem ephemeral: several sources agree that the Quenya word for "woman" is nís, nis [q.v.])

nís

woman

nís (niss-, as in pl. nissi) noun "woman" _(MR:213. The Etymologies gives _nis (or nissë), pl. nissi: see the stems NDIS-SĒ/SĀ, NI1, NIS (NĒR), VT46:4; compare VT47:33. In Tolkien's Quenya rendering of Hail Mary, the plural nísi occurs instead of nissi; this form is curious, since nísi would be expected to turn into *nízi, *_níri** (VT43:31). VT47:33 suggests that Tolkien at one point considered _niþ- as the older form of the stem, which etymology would solve this problem (since s from older þ does not become z > r). Even so, the MR forms, nís with stem niss-, may be preferred. - Compare †ní, #nína, nisto, Lindissë.

orna

adjective. high, lofty

orwa

adjective. high, lofty

An adjective appearing as orwa or orna “high, lofty” in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/186), clearly based on √ORO “rise”. The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s has ᴱQ. orwa or orda “lofty” under the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70). See also tára “lofty, tall, high”.

taran

king

taran (1) noun "king", possibly ephemeral variant of aran, q.v. (PE17:186)

tá

high

tá 2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

tár

king

tár noun "king" (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. tári "kings" must not be confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TĀ/TA3). Prefix tar-, compare -tar above. The normal Quenya word for "king" is aran, but compare Tarumbar.

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

túr

king

túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)

túrion

palace

túrion (túriond-) noun "palace" (QL:95)

vardar

king

vardar noun "king" (LT1:273; rather aran in LotR-style Quenya)

wenci

woman, maiden

wenci ("k") noun, apparently a diminutive form of the stem wēn- "woman, maiden". It is possible that this is meant to be Common Eldarin rather than Quenya; if so the Quenya form would be *wencë (compare nercë "little man") (VT48:18)

eldatár

`Vm#1~C6 noun. elf-king, elfking, elven-king

herwa

adjective. lordly