2nd sg. polite pron.(to) thee/you. A Q. borrowing in the S. used by the Noldor or mixed peoples, replacing the pure S. form de, dhe [= ðe] which remained in use in Doriath and in the Havens. Fanuilos le linnathon lit. 'Fanuilos to thee will I chant'.
Sindarin
le
thick
le
pronoun. to thee (reverential)
le
pronoun. thee/you
le
pronoun. thee, you (polite)
Cognates
- Q. lye “you (polite)” ✧ PE17/026
Derivations
- ✶le “you (sg.)” ✧ VT49/50
Element in
- S. Fanuilos, le linnathon “and now to thee, Fanuilos, bright spirit clothed in ever-white, I will ... sing” ✧ LotR/0238; PE17/026; RGEO/63; RGEO/64
- S. le linnon im Tinúviel “*to thee I sing, I, Tinúviel” ✧ LB/354
- S. le nallon sí di’nguruthos “here overwhelmed in dread of Death I cry” ✧ LotR/0729; PE17/094; RGEO/64
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶le/de > le [le] ✧ VT49/50
de
pronoun. you
dhe
pronoun. thee/you
{ð}2nd sg. polite pron.(to) thee/you. Pure S. form replaced by the Q. borrowing le in the S. used by the Noldor or mixed peoples. de/dhe remained in use in Doriath and in the Havens. >> dhe
men
noun. way, road
aned
give
anno
verb. give!
delw
adjective. thick
adj. thick, of single thing. Tolkien seems to consider that it is not a suitable Sindarin form.
othlonn
noun. paved way
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
ar
conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
a
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
a
and
a
and
conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
a
and
a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
a
conjunction. and
conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar
a
and
or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
ad
conjunction. and
ada
conjunction. and
adh
conjunction. and
ah
preposition/conjunction. and, with
The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
ah
conjunction. and
ar
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
ci
thou
{k} _pron. _thou. Lenited in _gī _as in mae g(ī)' ovannen 'well [art] you met'.
ci
pronoun. thou
Derivations
- ✶ki “you (imperious/familiar)” ✧ PE17/017
Element in
- S. mae govannen “well met” ✧ PE17/017
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶kī > ki [kī] > [ki] ✧ PE17/017 Variations
- ki ✧ PE17/017
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
di
preposition. with
Changes
- di → di “with” ✧ PE17/095
Cognates
- Q. lé “with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)” ✧ PE17/095
Derivations
- ✶dē “with” ✧ PE17/095
Element in
- S. le nallon sí di’nguruthos “here overwhelmed in dread of Death I cry” ✧ PE17/095
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶dē > di [dē] > [dī] > [di] ✧ PE17/095 Variations
- di ✧ PE17/095 (di)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
pâd
noun. way
pâd
way
(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.
tharbad
noun. cross-way
tûg
thick
tûg (lenited dûg, pl. tuig)
tûg
thick
(lenited dûg, pl. tuig)
Ídh
and
{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a
Ídh
and
Ídh
and
{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
le
thou
le (attested as dative ”to thee”; possibly also used as nominative/accusative, though an accusative *len ”thee” may be theorized to exist). Genitive lín ”thy”.
le
thou
(attested as dative ”to thee”; possibly also used as nominative/accusative, though an accusative ✱len ”thee” may be theorized to exist). Genitive lín ”thy”.
lend
way
(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”
anna
give
anna- (i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
anna
give
(i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
tê
way
(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
mên
way
1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
mên
way
(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)
2 adj. thick, of single thing. Tolkien seems to consider that it is not a suitable Sindarin form.