[lango (3) noun "throat"] (Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi_; in the _Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem #angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco.) (LANG, see LANK)
Quenya
lanca
noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end
Cognates
Derivations
- √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” ✧ VT42/08
Element in
- Q. cuivië-lancassë “on the brink of life” ✧ VT42/08
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √(G)LAN > lanka [laŋka] ✧ VT42/08 Variations
- lanka ✧ VT42/08
lanco
throat, swallow
lango
throat
lango
noun. neck, neck, [ᴹQ.] throat
A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive ✶langō < √LAƷA “cross, pass over, go beyond” (PE17/92). Its primitive form meant “a passage (physical), originally applied to any route or connecting link between two places or large objects, especially such as enabled one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as a mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus etc.” (PE17/91-92). This word was then “later applied to narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, especially the ‘neck’ of men and animals”. The word lango “neck” also appeared in notes from 1965, but there it was derived from √LAG, as opposed to the then-distinct root for “beyond”: √LAŊ (PE17/65).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to 1920s, where ᴱQ. lango “neck” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists (PE16/136). It was glossed “neck” in drafts of the ᴱQ. Earendel poem (PE16/100), and as “throat” in the poem itself (MC/216). ᴹQ. lango “throat” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/8), but in The Etymologies of the 1930s it was {lango >>} ᴹQ. lanko “throat” from the root ᴹ√LAK “swallow” (Ety/LANK). In later writings, Q. lango “neck” was restored (see above).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think lango can refer to both “neck” and “throat”, since its later derivation was from a word meaning “passage”, and hence could refer the passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs. For the actual interior mechanism of the throat, however, I’d recommend the neologism ᴺQ. hlunco “pharynx, gullet” < ᴹ√SLUK “swallow”.
Cognates
- S. lang “passage; neck, passage; neck, *throat” ✧ PE17/092
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. andalango “giraffe, (lit.) long-neck”
- ᴺQ. langandë “stringed instrument with a neck (lute, guitar, etc.)”
- ᴺQ. taryalangova “stiff-necked, obstinate”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √LAG > lango [laŋgo] ✧ PE17/065 ✶langō > lango [laŋgō] > [laŋgo] ✧ PE17/092
langon
throat
langon noun "throat" (MC:216; this is "Qenya", possibly an inflected form of lango #2 above but Tolkien changed it to lanco)
acas
neck
acas ("k") noun "neck" (the bony part of the neck, not including throat), pl. axi ("ks") (and so perhaps general stem-form ax-). Also sg. axë (said to be a "later" form apparently replacing acas). The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. (PE17:92)
acas
noun. neck
axo
noun. neck
axë
neck
axë ("ks")noun "neck" (the bony part of the neck, not including throat), pl. axi given. Also sg. acas (the alternative form axë is said to be "later" and seems to be an analogical back-formation from the pl. axi). The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. (PE17:92)
yat
neck
yat (yaht-) noun "neck" (YAK)
marta-
to chance
marta- (1) vb. "to chance" or *"happen" (QL:63), cf. mart- "it happens" (impersonal) (LT2:348 read marta-?). Another version assigns transitive meanings to the same verb: "to define, decree, destine" (with the last sense = martya-, q.v.), with a variant umbarta- "in more lofty senses" (PE17:104)
halla
naked
[halla (2) adj. "naked" (VT46:14), changed by Tolkien to helda]
helda
naked, stripped bare
helda (1) adj. "naked, stripped bare" (SKEL, SKAL1)
parca
naked
parca (2) ("k")adj. "naked", of persons (PE17:86)
metta
end
metta noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month (Appendix D). The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related (LT1:43)
tyel
end
tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi_ was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction)_. Cf. tyelma.
tyel-
end, cease
tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)
cimba
noun. edge, brink
réna
edge, border, margin
réna noun "edge, border, margin" (REG)
ríma
edge, hem, border
ríma noun "edge, hem, border" (RĪ)
tel
noun. end
Derivations
- √TEL “close, end, complete, come to an end”
lanco ("k")noun "throat, swallow" _(LAK1 , LANK). _Since this was changed by Tolkien from lango with stem *langu- and pl. langwi, it may be that lanco* should similarly have the stem lancu**- and pl. *lanqui.