ista

knowledge

ista (1) noun "knowledge" (IS). Also istya.

istare

noun. knowledge

istya

knowledge

istya noun "knowledge" (IS). Also ista (#1).

issë

knowledge, lore

issë noun "knowledge, lore" (LT2:339; rather ista or istya in Tolkien's later Quenya)

sívë

knowing, knowledge

sívë (3) noun "knowing, knowledge" (PE17:68; probably never meant to coexist with #1 and #2 above, so istya may be preferred)

sívë

noun. knowing, knowledge

Elements

Word	Gloss
ista-	“to know”
-vë	“abstract noun, adverb”

Variations

• sīve ✧ PE17/068

istea

adjective. knowing

Nolmë

knowledge, philosophy (including science)

Nolmë ("ñ")noun "knowledge, Philosophy (including Science)" (PM:360 cf. 344)

nolmë

noun. knowledge, philosophy (including science), department of wisdom (science, etc.)

Derivations

• √ÑGOL “knowledge, wisdom, lore, knowledge, wisdom, lore; [ᴹ√] wise, be wise” ✧ PM/360

Element in

• ᴺQ. coingolmë “biology”
• ᴺQ. cuingolmë “biology”
• ᴺQ. elengolmë “astronomy”
• ᴺQ. ermangolmë “study of matter, physics, [possibly also] chemistry”
• Q. hröangolmë “lore of the body and arts of healing”
• ᴺQ. lambengolmë “linguistics”

Elements

Word	Gloss
nólë	“lore, knowledge, long study, lore, knowledge, long study; [ᴹQ.] wisdom”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ñgol-/ñgōlo- > Ñolmë	[ŋgolme] > [ŋolme] > [nolme]	✧ PM/360
√ñgol-/ñgōlo- > ñolmë	[ŋgolme] > [ŋolme] > [nolme]	✧ PM/360

Variations

• Ñolmë ✧ PM/344; PM/360
• ñolmë ✧ PM/360

nólë

long study (of any subject), lore, knowledge

nólë (ñ) noun "long study (of any subject), lore, knowledge" (SA:gûl, also WJ:383 and MR:350, there spelt ñóle_, the earlier pronunciation. In the Etymologies, stem ÑGOL, the gloss is "wisdom".)_ Compare Nólion. At one point, Tolkien was dissatisfied with ÑGOL as the stem for "wisdom" and introduced the form núlë (q.v.) of slightly dissimilar meaning (PE17:125).

nólë

noun. lore, knowledge, long study, lore, knowledge, long study; [ᴹQ.] wisdom

Cognates

• S. gûl “black arts, sorcery, (evil) knowledge, black arts, sorcery, (evil) knowledge, [N.] magic; [ᴱN.] wisdom” ✧ MR/470; PE17/079; SA/gûl; MR/350; MR/471; WJ/383
• T. góle “long study (of any subject)” ✧ WJ/383

Derivations

• √ÑGOL “knowledge, wisdom, lore, knowledge, wisdom, lore; [ᴹ√] wise, be wise” ✧ PE17/079; SA/gûl; WJ/383

Element in

• ᴺQ. melinólë “philosophy”
• ᴺQ. nólecöa “school, (lit.) house of lore”
• Q. Nólimon “*Learned One”
• Q. nolmë “knowledge, philosophy (including science), department of wisdom (science, etc.)”
• Q. Nolondil “?Friend of Knowledge”
• ᴺQ. nólemo “student”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ngōl- > ñōle	[ŋgōle] > [ŋōle] > [nōle]	✧ PE17/079
√ngol- > nólë	[ŋgōle] > [ŋōle] > [nōle]	✧ SA/gûl
√NGOL > ñóle	[ŋgōle] > [ŋōle] > [nōle]	✧ WJ/383

Variations

• ñólë ✧ MR/350; MR/470; MR/471
• ñōle ✧ PE17/079
• ñóle ✧ WJ/383

handë

knowledge, understanding, intelligence

handë noun "knowledge, understanding, intelligence" (KHAN). Note: *handë is (probably) also the past tense of the verb har- "sit".

núlë

black arts, secrecy

núlë ("ñ")noun "black arts, secrecy" (PE17:125)

sairina

magic

sairina adj.? "magic" (evidently adj. rather than noun) (GL:72)

gûl

noun. knowledge

n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.

gûl

noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy

gûl

noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)

gûl

noun. black arts

n. black arts, sorcery. Q. ñúle, B.S. gûl 'wraith' is probably derived from Sindarin.

ist

knowledge

ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.

ist

knowledge

(lore); no distinct pl. form.

ista

have knowledge

(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).

ist

lore

ist (knowledge); no distinct pl. form.

ist

lore

(knowledge); no distinct pl. form.

angol

magic

(deep lore), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".

golu

secret lore

(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.****

gûl

magic

1) gûl (i ngûl = i ñûl, o n**gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383), 2) angol (deep lore), pl. engyl**. Note: a homophone means "stench". DARK MAGIC, see .

gûl

magic

(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)

engole

noun. lore

Cognates

• Q. ingolë “lore, science, philosophy, lore, science, philosophy; [ᴹQ.] deep lore, magic” ✧ WJ/383

Derivations

• √ÑGOL “knowledge, wisdom, lore, knowledge, wisdom, lore; [ᴹ√] wise, be wise” ✧ WJ/383

góle

noun. long study (of any subject)

Cognates

• Q. nólë “lore, knowledge, long study, lore, knowledge, long study; [ᴹQ.] wisdom” ✧ WJ/383

Derivations

• √ÑGOL “knowledge, wisdom, lore, knowledge, wisdom, lore; [ᴹ√] wise, be wise” ✧ WJ/383

ñgol

root. knowledge, wisdom, lore, knowledge, wisdom, lore; [ᴹ√] wise, be wise

This root was connected to Elvish words for “wisdom” for much of Tolkien’s life, the most notable derivative being Q. Noldo. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s it was given as ᴱ√ŇOL(O) “know”, where the Ň almost certainly represented velar nasal Ŋ (QL/67). It was originally given simply as ŇOLDO “goblin, gnome” along with a derivative ᴱQ. noldare “mole”, but the “goblin” entries were removed and “mole” was transferred to ᴱ√NDOLO “delve”, so the connection of this root to knowledge was a very early decision. In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon primitives forms were likewise given as ᴱ✶ŋolđō > G. golda “gnome, wise one” (GL/41).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” along with an extended form ᴹ√ÑGOLOD serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Noldo/N. Golodh (Ety/ÑGOL; ÑGOLOD). This root and its extended form were mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings, with glosses like “knowledge” (PE17/79) and “knowledge, wisdom, lore” (WJ/383), and in one place Tolkien clarified that it was “deep knowledge not ‘occult’ in modern sense, but applied to the deeper knowledge of the ‘wise’ or skilled persons, not kept secret ... but [also] not attainable by all” (PE17/79).

Derivatives

• Bs. gûl “phantom, shadow of dark magic, wraith; †black arts, sorcery” ✧ PE17/079
• ✶ñgōlē “Science/Philosophy as a whole” ✧ PM/360
  • Q. ingolë “lore, science, philosophy, lore, science, philosophy; [ᴹQ.] deep lore, magic” ✧ PM/360
• ✶ñgolodō “lore-master, sage” ✧ PM/360; WJ/383
  • Q. Ingoldo “The Noldo” ✧ PM/360
  • S. Fingolfin ✧ PE17/118
  • Wes. Ingold ✧ PM/360
  • Aq. ñgoldō “Noldo”
  • Q. Noldo “one of the wise folk, Gnome” ✧ MR/350; MR/470; PE17/141; PE17/153; PE19/076; PM/360; WJ/364; WJ/380; WJ/383
  • S. Noll “Noldo” ✧ PE17/141
  • S. Angolodh “The Noldo” ✧ PM/360
  • S. Golodh “one of the wise folk, Noldo” ✧ MR/350; PE17/153; PM/360; WJ/364; WJ/379; WJ/383
  • S. golodh “lore-master, sage” ✧ MR/470; PE17/139; PE17/140; PE17/141
  • T. Goldo “Noldo” ✧ PM/360; WJ/383
• Q. ingolë “lore, science, philosophy, lore, science, philosophy; [ᴹQ.] deep lore, magic” ✧ WJ/383
• Q. Noldo “one of the wise folk, Gnome” ✧ SA/gûl
  • S. Noll “Noldo” ✧ PE17/141
• Q. nólë “lore, knowledge, long study, lore, knowledge, long study; [ᴹQ.] wisdom” ✧ PE17/079; SA/gûl; WJ/383
• ᴺQ. nolmar “school, university, (lit.) wisdom-house”
• Q. nolmë “knowledge, philosophy (including science), department of wisdom (science, etc.)” ✧ PM/360
• Q. nolmo “wise person” ✧ PM/360
• ᴺQ. nolta- “to teach, *educate, tutor, (lit.) make knowledgable”
• ᴺQ. nolya- “to study, learn”
• ᴺS. golbar “school, university, (lit.) wisdom-house”
• ᴺS. golthor “teacher”
• S. gûl “black arts, sorcery, (evil) knowledge, black arts, sorcery, (evil) knowledge, [N.] magic; [ᴱN.] wisdom” ✧ PE17/079; SA/gûl; WJ/383
  • Bs. gûl “phantom, shadow of dark magic, wraith; †black arts, sorcery” ✧ PE17/031; PE17/125
• T. engole “lore” ✧ WJ/383
• T. góle “long study (of any subject)” ✧ WJ/383

Element in

• √ÑGOLOD “*one of the wise folk, Gnome, [ᴹ√] one of the wise folk, Gnome”
• Q. Nolofinwë ✧ PM/344
• ᴺS. gelia- “to learn”
• ᴺS. goltha- “to teach, educate, tutor, (lit.) make knowledgable”

Variations

• ngōl- ✧ PE17/079
• Ñolo ✧ PM/344
• ñgol-/ñgōlo- ✧ PM/360
• ngol- ✧ SA/gûl
• NGOL ✧ WJ/383

ist

noun. lore, knowledge

ist

noun. lore, knowledge, lore, knowledge; [G.] feeling, sensation; notion

Cognates

• ᴹQ. istya “knowledge” ✧ Ety/IS

Derivations

• ᴹ√IS “*know” ✧ Ety/IS

Element in

• N. Isfin ✧ Ety/IS
• ᴺS. istanna- “to teach, lecture, explain, (lit.) give knowledge”
• N. istui “learned” ✧ Ety/IS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√IS > ist	[iste] > [ist]	✧ Ety/IS

ista-

verb. to have knowledge

gûl

noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy

golw

noun. lore

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nolwe “wisdom, (secret) lore” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGOL > golw	[ŋgolwe] > [golwe] > [golw] > [golu]	✧ Ety/ÑGOL

angol

noun. deep lore, magic

gûl

noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)

gûl

noun. magic

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nóle “wisdom” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
• Ilk. durgul “sorcery” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
• Ilk. morgul “sorcery” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Element in

• N. durgul “sorcery”
• N. morgul “sorcery” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGOL > gûl	[ŋgōle] > [ŋgūle] > [gūle] > [gūl]	✧ Ety/ÑGOL