istya

noun. knowledge

Variations

• ista ✧ Ety/IS

Derivations

• ᴹ√IS “*know” ✧ Ety/IS

Cognates

• N. ist “lore, knowledge, lore, knowledge; [G.] feeling, sensation; notion” ✧ Ety/IS

Element in

• ᴹQ. anaristya “[unglossed]”
• ᴹQ. Istimor “The Wise” ✧ Ety/IS
• ᴺQ. istyalóra “ignorant”
• ᴹQ. istyar “scholar, learned man, lore-master, wizard” ✧ Ety/IS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√IS > ista	[ista]	✧ Ety/IS
ᴹ√IS > istya	[istja]	✧ Ety/IS

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
istı̯ǝ	stem	“knowledge”	✧ PE21/12
†iste	nominative	-	✧ PE21/13
istin	nominative	-	✧ PE21/13
iste	accusative	-	✧ PE21/13
†istya	accusative	-	✧ PE21/13
istir	dative	-	✧ PE21/13
†istyen	dative	-	✧ PE21/13
istyo	genitive	-	✧ PE21/13
†[miu]in	nominative	-	✧ PE21/13
istili	plural	-	✧ PE21/13; PE21/13
istínen	instrumental plural	-	✧ PE21/13

ista

noun. knowledge

ista-

verb. to know

Variations

• ista ✧ PE22/104; PE22/107; PE22/115
• ist(ă) ✧ PE22/114

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ista- “to know”
  • ᴹ√IS “*know”
• ᴹ√IS “*know” ✧ Ety/IS

Cognates

• N. ista- “to have knowledge, to have knowledge, [G.] know, be aware, perceive, feel” ✧ Ety/IS

Element in

• ᴹQ. istalima “knowable, ascertainable”
• ᴹQ. istare “knowledge”
• ᴹQ. istima “having knowledge, wise, learned” ✧ Ety/IS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√IS > ista-	[ista-]	✧ Ety/IS

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
sinte	past	-	✧ Ety/IS; PE22/115
istuva	future	“shall know”	✧ PE22/104; PE22/115
	istanwa	perfective-participle	“known, acknowledged, certain”	✧ PE22/106
-istea	active-participle	“knowing”	✧ PE22/106
	istāna	passive-participle	“known”	✧ PE22/107
†izilya	imperfect-participle	“knowing”	✧ PE22/107 (strong)
istalya	imperfect-participle	-	✧ PE22/107; PE22/115
istaina	imperfect-passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/108
istanelya	perfect-participle	“have known”	✧ PE22/108
-istanta	imperfect-passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/108; PE22/115
istuvaina	future-passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/109
-istuvanta	future-passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/109
istea	active-participle	“knowing”	✧ PE22/111; PE22/114
istanwa	perfective-participle	“known, generally recognized”	✧ PE22/112; PE22/114
ista	aorist	-	✧ PE22/114
istie	gerund	-	✧ PE22/114
istina	passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/114
-istana	passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/114
sintelya	perfect-participle	“having known”	✧ PE22/115
sintielya	perfect-participle	“having known”	✧ PE22/115
sintienwa	perfect-passive-participle	“having been known”	✧ PE22/115
sintéva	future-perfect	“shall have known”	✧ PE22/115
sint(i)elyane	pluperfect	“had known”	✧ PE22/115
-istaina	imperfect-passive-participle	-	✧ PE22/115

istare

noun. knowledge

Elements

Word	Gloss
ista-	“to know”
-(á)re	“general action verbal suffix”