huo

dog

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN; cf. hú, huan). Also roa.

huan

hound

huan (hún-, as in dat. sg. húnen) noun "hound" (KHUGAN, KHUG). Cf. hú, huo.

hú

hound

hú noun "hound" (PE17:86), cf. huan, huo

roa

dog

roa noun "dog" (VT47:35). Also huo.

röa

noun. dog

A word for “dog” appearing in 1968 notes on monosyllabic primitive Elvish nouns (VT47/35). Of the primitive forms, Tolkien first gave ✶wā(w) “dog” and ✶grā “bear”, but ✶wā(w) was struck through and the gloss of ✶grā was changed to “dog”, after which Tolkien wrote Q. roa “dog” (VT47/36). He seems to have been disatisfied with this derivation, however, going on to write a number of primitive animal roots in the upper margin, including ✶yarr- “dog”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. roa “a wild beast” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶raw̯a under the early root ᴱ√RAVA or ᴱ√RAẆA (QL/79).

Neo-Quenya: Giving Tolkien’s vacillations on these 1968 forms, I’d stick to the better known ᴹQ. huo as the common word for “dog” in (Neo) Quenya, which is the word used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Derivations

• ✶grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
  • √GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶grawa > roa	[grawa] > [ɣrawa] > [ɣroa] > [roa]	✧ VT47/35

Variations

• roa ✧ VT47/35

huë

cardinal. nine

huë "Qenya" cardinal "nine" (in Tolkiens later Quenya nertë) (VT49:54)

nertë

cardinal. nine

nertë cardinal "nine" (NÉTER, VT42:26, VT48:6); nertëa ordinal "ninth" (VT42:25)

nertë

cardinal. nine

Cognates

• S. neder “nine” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• T. neter “nine” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

• ✶neter(e) “nine” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/26
  • √NETER “nine”

Element in

• Q. ne(re)sta “one ninth”
• ᴺQ. neterquain “ninety”
• ᴺQ. neterquëan “ninety”
• Q. neterquë “nineteen”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶net-er > nerte	[netere] > [netre] > [nerte]	✧ PE17/095
✶netere > nerte	[netere] > [netre] > [nerte]	✧ VT42/26

Variations

• nerte ✧ PE17/095; VT42/26; VT48/06

olma

cardinal. nine

olma cardinal "nine" (LT1:258; in Tolkien's later Quenya nertë)

rama-

to shout

rama- vb. "to shout" (LT1:259)

hollë

noun. shout

Derivations

• √KHOL “crow, cry aloud”

hû

hound

_ n. Zoo. _hound. Q. hú. The gloss might be 'heat'.

neder

cardinal. nine

neder

cardinal. nine

Cognates

• Q. nertë “nine” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06

Derivations

• ✶neter(e) “nine” ✧ PE17/095
  • √NETER “nine”

Element in

• ᴺS. nederphaen “ninety”
• S. nedrui “ninth” ✧ VT42/25
• ᴺS. paeneder “nineteen”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶net-er > neder	[netere] > [neter] > [neder]	✧ PE17/095

can

shout

(i gân, i chenir) (cry out, call). Adj.

caun

shout

(i gaun, o chaun) (clamour, outcry, cry), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter is used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".

glam

shouting

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

hû

dog

hû (i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

hû

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

neder

cardinal. nine

neder;

neder

nine

;

nedrui

ninth

neter

cardinal. nine

Cognates

• Q. nertë “nine” ✧ VT48/06

raba

noun. dog

A noun translated “dog” and fully declined as an example of a Strong II noun (SD/437). It is also used as an example of a common-noun that can be altered to masculine and feminine forms rabô “male dog” and rabê “bitch” (SD/434).

rûkh

noun. shout

A word glossed “shout” (SD/426). Andreas Moehn suggested (EotAL/RUKH) that it may be a verb rûkh- “to shout”, but it appears in a list of nouns, so I think it likelier that it is noun form.

Variations

• rūkh ✧ SD/426

grawa

noun. dog

Derivations

• √GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Derivatives

• Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35

neter

root. nine

A root for “nine” introduced in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NÉTER), replacing earliest words for “nine” such as ᴱQ. olme(t) and ᴱQ. hue from the 1910s and 20s. The root continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, and in his notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s he explored several possible origins for this root: connected to the finger name Q. nettë “little girl” derived from the root √NET “dainty” (VT47/33), based on the counting term Q. nete “one more” as in “nete, nete, nete, 10” (VT47/15-16), or simply as an independent invention of its own (VT47/12).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is easiest to assume √NETER its own root without any deeper etymology.

Derivatives

• ✶neter(e) “nine”
  • Q. nertë “nine” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/26
  • S. neder “nine” ✧ PE17/095
• ᴺS. nederph “nineteen”
• S. nerthui “ninth”

Variations

• net-er ✧ VT42/24
• neter- ✧ VT47/11
• neter ✧ VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/33

neter(e)

cardinal. nine

Derivations

• √NETER “nine”

Derivatives

• Q. nertë “nine” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/26
• S. neder “nine” ✧ PE17/095

Variations

• net-er ✧ PE17/095
• neter ✧ PE21/71
• netere ✧ VT42/26

wā(w)

noun. dog

Changes

• wā(w) → grā “dog” ✧ VT47/35

yarr-

noun. dog, dog; *growl, snarl

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave the root ᴱ√YAPA “snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly” (QL/105). It had no derivatives in QL, but in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon the words G. gab- “bark, bay (of dogs)” and G. gôbi “a large hound” were clearly related (GL/36). There were no similar forms for many years, but then primitive ✶yarr- “dog” appeared in notes from 1968 (VT47/36). This later primitive was likely related to Q. yarra- “growl, snarl” from the Q. Markirya poem of this same period (MC/223), perhaps from a root ✱√YAR.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. yarra “️growl, snarl”
• Q. yarra- “to growl, snarl”

hû

noun. dog

Cognates

• ᴹQ. huo “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHUG > hû	[kʰugo] > [xugo] > [xuɣo] > [xuɣ] > [xūɣ] > [xū] > [hū]	✧ Ety/KHUGAN

huan

masculine name. hound

Changes

• huan → Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Variations

• huan ✧ Ety/KHUGAN (huan)
• Húan ✧ RSI/Húan

huan

noun. hound

Cognates

• ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶khugan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Element in

• N. Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶khugan > Huan	[kʰūgan] > [xūgan] > [xūɣan] > [xuan] > [huan]	✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Variations

• Huan ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

hû

noun. dog

neder

cardinal. nine

neder

cardinal. nine

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nerte “nine” ✧ Ety/NÉTER

Derivations

• ᴹ√NETER “nine” ✧ Ety/NÉTER

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NÉTER > neder	[netere] > [neter] > [neder]	✧ Ety/NÉTER