Culúrien
golden-red
sairina
magic
sairina adj.? "magic" (evidently adj. rather than noun) (GL:72)
fairë
phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape
fairë(1) noun "phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" (pl. fairi in Markirya); compare ausa. The noun fairë was also used = "spirit (in general)", as a kind of being (MR:349, PE17:124). In VT43:37 and VT44:17, fairë refers to the Holy Spirit (fairë aista or Aina Fairë)
gûl
noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)
gûl
noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy
guldur
noun. (dark) sorcery
morgul
noun. black arts, sorcery, necromancy
gûl
magic
1) gûl (i ngûl = i ñûl, o n**gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383), 2) angol (deep lore), pl. engyl**. Note: a homophone means "stench". DARK MAGIC, see .
gûl
magic
(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
gûl
sorcery
1) gûl (i ngûl = i ñûl, o n**gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (magic, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil** = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383), 2)
gûl
sorcery
(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (magic, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
gûl
necromancy
gûl (i ngûl = i ñûl, o n**gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (magic, sorcery, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil** = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
gûl
necromancy
(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (magic, sorcery, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
gûl
evil knowledge
(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (magic, sorcery, necromancy), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
morgul
sorcery
morgul (i vorgul), pl. morgyl or mergyl (i morgyl/i mergyl for archaic *mörgyl), 3) durgul (i dhurgul), pl. durgyl (i nurgyl). [Or pl. dyrgyl, i nyrgyl? However, the pl. Dúnedain rather than **Dýnedain would suggest that u does not have to be umlauted in the pl. when it occurs in the first part of a compound, and durgul incorporates dur- "black, dark", dur-gûl implying "dark lore/knowledge".]. The word also appears with the elements reversed: guldur (i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. guldyr (in guldyr = i ñguldyr), or possibly pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr).
morgul
sorcery
(i vorgul), pl. morgyl or mergyl (i morgyl/i mergyl for archaic ✱mörgyl), 3) durgul (i dhurgul), pl. durgyl (i nurgyl). [Or pl. dyrgyl, i nyrgyl? However, the pl. Dúnedain rather than ✱✱Dýnedain would suggest that u does not have to be umlauted in the pl. when it occurs in the first part of a compound, and durgul incorporates dur- "black, dark", dur-gûl implying "dark lore/knowledge".]. The word also appears with the elements reversed: guldur (i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. guldyr (in guldyr = i ñguldyr), or possibly pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr).****
angol
magic
(deep lore), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
gûl
suffix. phantom, shadow of dark magic, wraith; †black arts, sorcery
Cognates
- S. gûl “black arts, sorcery, (evil) knowledge, black arts, sorcery, (evil) knowledge, [N.] magic; [ᴱN.] wisdom” ✧ MR/350; PE17/031
Derivations
Element in
Variations
- gūl ✧ PE17/031
- Gûl ✧ PE17/125
gûldur
noun. sorcery
Cognates
- S. guldur “black arts, sorcery”
Variations
- gūldur ✧ PE17/079
kul
root. golden-red, golden-red; [ᴱ√] gold
The root √KUL was connected to gold and gold-coloured things throughout Tolkien’s life but gradually shifted in meaning. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√KULU “gold” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/49), but at this early stage it was connected to actual metallic gold as much as the colour, as opposed to ᴱQ. laure which was “magic” name of gold (LT1/100). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹ√KUL was first glossed “gold (metal)”, but was eventually revised to “golden-red” (replacing a rejected variant ᴹ√GUL), and metallic gold became ᴹQ. malta < ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL) while ᴹQ. laure shifted in sense to “golden light” (Ety/GLAW(-R)).
Tolkien’s continued use of names like Q. Culúrien (S/38) and Q. culumalda “tree with hanging yellow blossoms (prob[ably] a laburnum)” (RC/626) indicate the continued validity of this root, though I suspect in later writings it primarily referred to a golden-red or orangish colour.
Derivatives
Element in
Variations
- cul- ✧ SA/cul; SA/mal
gûl
noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)
gûl
noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy
gûl
noun. magic
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > gûl [ŋgōle] > [ŋgūle] > [gūle] > [gūl] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
durgul
noun. sorcery
Cognates
- Ilk. durgul “sorcery”
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Elements
Word Gloss dûr “dark” gûl “magic” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > dur(n)gul > durgul [durŋgul] > [durŋgul] > [durgul] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
morgul
noun. sorcery
Cognates
- Ilk. morgul “sorcery”
Element in
- N. Imlad Morghul “Vale of Morghul”
- N. Minas Morgol “Tower of Sorcery”
- N. Duin Morghul
côl
noun. gold (metal)
Cognates
- ᴹQ.
kulu“gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KULDerivations
- ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KUL > côl [kul] > [kol] > [kōl] ✧ Ety/KUL
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
kulu
noun. gold (metal)
Cognates
- N.
côl“gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KULDerivations
- ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL; Ety/KUL
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KUL > kulu [kulū] > [kulu] ✧ Ety/KUL ᴹ√KULU > kulo [kulu] > [kulo] ✧ Ety/KUL Variations
kulo✧ Ety/KUL (kulo)
durgul
noun. sorcery
A Doriathrin noun for “sorcery” (Ety/ÑGOL). The elements of this word seem to be a combination of derivatives of the roots ᴹ√DOƷ and ᴹ√ÑGOL. If it were derived from such a primitive form, it would imply that in its phonological history the [o] because [u] in both syllables. This does not seem to be a general rule in Ilkorin, however: compare Ilk. dorn and (n)golo. A simpler explanation would be that it was a loan word from Noldorin: N. durgul seen in a marginal note (EtyAC/ÑGOL).
Conceptual Development: There is a rejected form dûghol in this entry of The Etymologies that may represent Tolkien’s first attempt to formulate a native Ilkorin word for “sorcery” (EtyAC/ÑGOL). Similar forms appear among the precursors to S. Dol Guldur in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s: Dol Dúgol or Dol Dúghol (TI/178; WR/122). The entry also has a deleted variant form of gûl of Ilk. (n)gôl, so it may be Tolkien originally envisioned a different phonological history of [o] in Ilkorin allowing the production of words like durgul. Perhaps he added the Noldorin form durgul in the margin because he abandoned [o] > [u] in Ilkorin.
Changes
dûghol→ durgul ✧ Ety/ÑGOLCognates
Element in
- Ilk. Dol Dúghol
Elements
Word Gloss DOƷ “night” ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” Variations
- dûghol ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (Dor.
dûghol)
morgul
noun. sorcery
A Doriathrin noun for “sorcery”, written as mor(n)gul indicating the loss of an earlier n (Ety/ÑGOL). The elements of this word seem to be a combination of derivatives of the roots ᴹ√MOR and ᴹ√ÑGOL. The u in the final element -gul is problematic phonetically, as it is in the similar word durgul. Tolkien first wrote this word as morgol (EtyAC/ÑGOL), probably reflecting this phonetic uncertainty. As with durgul, Tolkien may have resolved this uncertainty by deciding this word was Noldorin, since N. morgul appears in a marginal note in The Etymologies (EtyAC/ÑGOL).
Changes
morgol→ mor(n)gul ✧ Ety/ÑGOLCognates
Variations
- mor(n)gul ✧ Ety/ÑGOL (Dor. mor(n)gul)
- morgol ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (Dor.
morgol)
gul
root. *golden-red
kul
root. golden-red
Changes
GUL→ KUL “glow, shine gold or red” ✧ Ety/GULKUL→ KUL “gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KULKUL→ KUL “red” ✧ Ety/KULDerivatives
- ᴹ✶kuldā “red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
- N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
- ᴹQ. kulda “flame-coloured, golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL
- ᴹQ. kulina “flame-coloured, golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL
- ᴹQ. kullo “red gold” ✧ Ety/KUL
- ᴹQ.
kulo“flame” ✧ EtyAC/KUL- ᴹQ.
kulu“gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KUL; Ety/KUL- ᴹQ. kuluina “orange (coloured); of gold, golden” ✧ Ety/KUL; Ety/KUL
- ᴹQ. kuluma “orange [fruit]” ✧ Ety/KUL
- N.
côl“gold (metal)” ✧ Ety/KUL- N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/KUL
- N.
cûl“flame” ✧ EtyAC/KULElement in
- ᴹ✶
lingikā̆la“Hanging-flame” ✧ EtyAC/KAL (lingi-kulda)Variations
- GUL ✧ Ety/GUL (
GUL); EtyAC/KUL; EtyAC/YUL- KULU ✧ Ety/KUL (
KULU)
ñgolodō
noun. gnome
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOLOD “one of the wise folk, Gnome”
Derivatives
- ᴹQ. Noldo “one of the wise folk, Gnome” ✧ PE19/036; PE19/058
Element in
- ᴹ✶eteŋgoldǝ ✧ PE21/33
Variations
- ñgòlodṓ ✧ PE19/058
- ŋgolǝdō ✧ PE21/33
- ŋgoldō ✧ PE21/33
gul
noun. Gnome
gold
noun. Gnome
golda
noun. Gnome, wise one
Cognates
- Eq. Noldo “Gnome” ✧ GG/13; GL/41; LBI/Golda; LT1A/Noldoli; PE13/099; PE14/009
Derivations
Element in
- G. Goldobar “Gnomeland” ✧ GG/08; GL/41; LT1A/Noldoli
- G. Goldogrin “Language of the Gnomes” ✧ GL/41; LT1A/Noldoli
- G. Goldothrim “People of the Gnomes” ✧ GL/41; LT1A/Noldoli
- G. Goldrin “Gnome”
- G. Golthadriel
- G. Goldriel ✧ GL/41; LT1A/Noldoli (
Goldriel)- G. golweg “*Gnomish man” ✧ PE13/117
- G. golwin “*Gnomish woman”
- G. Guilfo “the Noldoli” ✧ PE13/117
- G. Gwadangoltha ✧ PE14/009
- G. Hangoltha ✧ PE14/009
- G. i·Lam na·Ngoldathon “Goldogrin” di Sacthoðrin “*the Language of the Gnomes ‘Goldogrin’ [translated] into (Old) English” ✧ GL/17; PE13/117
- G. i·lam na·Nguilt “*the language of the Gnomes” ✧ PE13/117
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ŋolđō > golda [ŋolðō] > [ŋgolðō] > [ŋgolða] > [ŋgolda] > [golda] ✧ GL/41 ᴱ✶ŋolþoi > golþī > goilþī > gylt [ŋolþoi] > [gylt] ✧ PE13/117 ᴱ✶ŋōloi > gūlī > guil > guil(t) [ŋōloi] > [guil] ✧ PE13/117 Variations
- golda ✧ GG/08; GG/08; GG/13; GL/41
- gold ✧ PE13/099
- gôl ✧ PE13/117 (gôl)
- gul ✧ PE13/117
- goltha ✧ PE14/009
goltha
noun. Gnome
goldrin
adjective. Gnome
Elements
Word Gloss Golda “Gnome, wise one”
curu
noun. magic
Cognates
- Eq. kuru “magic, wizardry” ✧ LT1A/Tolli Kuruvar
Derivations
- ᴱ√KURU “*magic”
Element in
Variations
- curi ✧ GL/28 (
curi)
thairin
adjective. magic
Cognates
- Eq. sairina “magic” ✧ GL/72
Element in
- G. thairiniol “magical” ✧ GL/72
golt
noun. gnome
goloth
noun. gnome
Changes
golt→ goloth ✧ PE13/120Variations
- goloth ✧ PE13/120
- golt ✧ PE13/121 (
golt); PE13/123
curw
noun. magic
Derivations
- ᴱ√KURU “*magic”
noldo
proper name. Gnome
Changes
ŇOLDO→ ŇOLDO “goblin, gnome” ✧ QL/067Cognates
- G. Golda “Gnome, wise one” ✧ GG/13; GL/41; LBI/Golda; LT1A/Noldoli; PE13/099; PE14/009
- G. Goldothrim “People of the Gnomes” ✧ GL/32
- En. Golodh “Gnome, Deep-elf” ✧ PE13/145
- Et. goldo ✧ PE13/145
Derivations
- ᴱ✶ŋolđō ✧ GL/41
- ᴱ√ŊOLO “to know”
- ᴱ√ŊOLO “to know” ✧ LT1A/Noldoli; QL/067
- ᴱ✶Ngol(o)dō- ✧ PE13/145
- ᴱ√ŊOLO “to know”
Derivatives
- Eq. noldare “mole” ✧ QL/067
Element in
- Eq. Fairinoldor “Free-noldoli” ✧ PE14/009
- Eq. Haranoldor ✧ PE14/009
- Eq. Noldomar “Gnomeland” ✧ LT1A/Noldoli; QL/067
- Eq. i·lambe’n·noldolion “the tongue of the gnomes” ✧ PE14/042; PE14/071
- Eq. i·ner i·táralda ’n·Noldolion “the tallest man of (or among) the Gnomes” ✧ PE14/048; PE14/081
- Eq. Virtinoldor “thrall-noldoli” ✧ PE14/009
- Eq. Noldolion “descendant of the Gnomes” ✧ PE14/045
- Eq. Noldórinan
- Eq. Noldorinwa “Goblin; Gnomish” ✧ LT1A/Noldoli; PE15/72; QL/067
- Eq. Noldorin ✧ LT1A/Noldoli; LT2I/Noldor; QL/067
- Eq. Noldorissa “Language of the Noldoli”
- Eq. noldova “belonging to gnomes” ✧ QL/067
- Eq. Palyanoldor ✧ PE14/009
Variations
- noldo ✧ GG/13; GL/41; PE13/145; PE14/009; PE15/72
- Ňoldo ✧ PME/067
- ŇOLDO ✧ QL/067; QL/067 (
ŇOLDO)
sairina
adjective. magic
Cognates
- G. thairin “magic” ✧ GL/72
qímar
noun. phantom
Element in
- Eq. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” ✧ MC/213
Culúrien another name of Laurelin; apparently derived from the stem KUL- "golden-red" (Silm; LR:365)