Quenya 

lingwë

noun. fish

A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish”

Element in

lingwë

fish

lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)

nixi

name. fish

Quenya [PE 22:125] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

hala

(small) fish

hala (1) noun "(small) fish" (KHAL1, SKAL2, VT45:20)

ómalingwe

voice-???

ómalingwe ?"voice-???" (Narqelion; in Tolkien's later Quenya, óma means "voice" or "vowel" and lingwë means "fish", but at least the latter gloss can hardly be relevant here)

Sindarin 

lim

noun. fish

Sindarin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lim

noun. fish

Element in

  • ᴺS. limmeg “young fish, small fry”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

hâl

fish

(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

hâl

fish

(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

Noldorin 

hâl

noun. fish

A noun for “fish” appearing on the front page of The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khala (EtyAC/KHAL¹). As such, it was probably based on the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but may have transferred to ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” when Tolkien revised that root (Ety/SKAL²).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
    • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

  • N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
  • ᴺS. torchal “shark or other large predatory fish”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶khala > hâl[kʰala] > [xala] > [xal] > [xāl] > [hāl]✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Noldorin [EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhim

noun. fish

A noun appearing as N. lhim “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi of the same meaning (Ety/LIW), where the labialized velar ñw (> ñgw) became the labial m (< mb) and the initial l unvoiced to lh.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ing “fish” (GL/51), cognate to ᴱQ. ingwe of the same meaning (QL/43). In Gnomish labialized velars only became labials in limited circumstances, so the primitive ng survived.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. lim “fish” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

  • N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > lhim[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [limbe] > [limb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imm] > [l̥im]✧ Ety/LIW
Noldorin [Ety/LIW; Ety/LOK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hâl

noun. fish

Noldorin [VT/45:20] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhim

noun. fish

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhimb

noun. fish

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

lingwe

noun. fish

Cognates

  • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lingwe[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋge]✧ Ety/LIW

hala

noun. (small) fish

A noun for “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skala under the root ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” (Ety/SKAL²). This replaced an earlier derivation from ᴹ✶khala under the deleted entry for the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹).

Cognates

  • N. hâl “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²
  • ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
    • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

  • ᴹQ. halatir(no) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹ (halatir); Ety/SKAL²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHAL¹ > hala[kʰala] > [xala] > [hala]✧ Ety/KHAL¹
ᴹ√SKAL² > hala[skala] > [xala] > [hala]✧ Ety/SKAL²
ᴹ✶khala > hala[kʰala] > [xala] > [hala]✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Qenya [Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²; EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

líw

noun. fish

A Doriathrin noun for “fish” derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi (Ety/LIW). It is the clearest example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/líw). @@@ same development in ᴱN hiw PE13/147

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as rejected ling (EtyAC/LIW), probably reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the development of [-ŋgw-] in Ilkorin.

Changes

  • ling → líw ✧ Ety/LIW

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ EtyAC/LIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > líw[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [līwe] > [līw]✧ Ety/LIW
ᴹ√LINGWI > ling[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [liŋge] > [liŋg]✧ EtyAC/LIW

Variations

  • ling ✧ EtyAC/LIW (Dor. ling)
Doriathrin [Ety/LIW; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

liw

root. *fish

An unglossed root in The Etymologies of the 1930s whose derivatives had to do with fish, such as ᴹQ. lingwe and N. lhim “fish” (Ety/LIW). Q. lingwi “fish” appeared in some 1965 notes (NM/336), indicating the ongoing validity of √LIW. √LIW is probably a later iteration of ᴱ√IWI from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s that likewise was the basis for fish-words from this period, such as ᴱQ. ingwe and G. ing (QL/43; GL/51). The root ᴹ√IW also appeared in The Etymologies (EtyAC/IW), but was unglossed and had no derivatives, so it isn’t clear what Tolkien intended this root to mean in the 1930s, and it may well have been abandoned.

Changes

  • LINGWI → LIW ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivatives

  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ EtyAC/LIW
  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • Q. lingwë “fish”

Element in

  • ᴹQ. lingwilóke “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Variations

  • LINGWI ✧ EtyAC/LIW (LINGWI)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LIW; Ety/LOK; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

liñwi

noun. fish

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivatives

  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skala

noun. fish

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • N. hâl “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

Variations

  • khala ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khal

root. (small) fish

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

khol

root. (small) fish

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ing

noun. fish

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IWI “*fish”

Element in

  • G. igli “young of fish, small fry” ✧ GL/51

Early Primitive Elvish

iwi

root. *fish

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶w̯i ✧ QL/097
    • Eq. Ui ✧ QL/097
  • Eq. ingwe “fish” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. windea “fishlike” ✧ QL/097
  • Eq. Uin ✧ QL/097
  • G. ing “fish”

Variations

  • IW̯I ✧ QL/097
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/043; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ingwe

noun. fish

Changes

  • engwe → ingwe ✧ PE16/145

Cognates

  • G. ing “fish”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IWI “*fish” ✧ QL/043

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√IWI > ingwe[iŋwi] > [iŋwe] > [iŋgwe]✧ QL/043

Variations

  • engwe ✧ PE16/145 (engwe)
Early Quenya [PE16/145; PME/043; QL/043; QL/049; QL/091; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by