farnë

foliage

farnë (1) noun "foliage", archaic faznë (VT46:9). Not to be confused with farnë as the pa.t. of the verb farya-, q.v.

farnë

dwelling

#farnë (2) noun "dwelling", in orofarnë (as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted "any growing thing or plant", PE17:83)

farnë

noun. ash, rowan, ️ash, rowan; [ᴹQ.] foliage

A Quenya noun for the rowan-tree, appearing in an explanation of the name Orofarnë “Mountain Ash” in notes from the 1950s, though Tolkien marked it with a “?” as uncertain (PE17/83). Its older form was either fărnĭ or primitive ✶pharne; if the former, its stem form would be farni-.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, a similar word ᴹQ. feren/ferne appears as the Quenya word for “beech-tree” under the root ᴹ√PHER(EN) (Ety/PHER). Conversely, ᴹQ. farne appeared with the gloss “foliage” as a derivative of {ᴹ√PHARAN >>} ᴹ√PHAS (EtyAC/PHARAN, PHAS). As names of trees, it is possible that Tolkien intended to replace ferne < ᴹ√PHER(EN) with farnë < √PHAR(AN).

Neo-Quenya: For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, I think it is worth retaining both ᴹQ. feren “beech” and Q. farnë “ash, rowan” (along with its Sindarin cognate S. faran) as etymological variants referring to two distinct species of trees. For the sense “foliage”, it is probably better to use the later word olass(i)ë.

Cognates

• S. faran “rowan, rowan, *ash” ✧ PE17/083; PE17/083

Derivations

• ✶pharne “any growing thing or plant” ✧ PE17/083; PE17/083
  • √PHAR(AN) “*rowan” ✧ PE17/083; PE17/083

Element in

• Q. Orofarnë “Mountain Ash; Mountain-dwelling” ✧ PE17/083

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶pharan- > fărnĭ	[pʰarani] > [pʰarane] > [pʰarne] > [ɸarne] > [farne]	✧ PE17/083
✶pharne > farnë	[pʰarne] > [ɸarne] > [farne]	✧ PE17/083

faznë

faznë

faznë, archaic form of farnë, q.v.

farya-

suffice

farya- vb. "suffice", pa.t. farnë (PHAR). An additional pa.t. form, farinyë, was published in VT46:9; this is a most unusual formation.

marda

dwelling

marda noun "dwelling" (PE17:107)

littë

noun. ash

A neologism for “ash” coined by Helge Fauskanger in his NQNT (NQNT), the Quenya equivalent of S. lith “ash”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s the Quenya cognate of N. lith was ᴹQ. litse (Ety/LIT), but in that document these words were glossed “sand”. Introducing a separate neologism ᴺQ. littë “ash” helps keep these two senses distinct.

Cognates

• S. lith “ash, ash; [N.] sand”

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIT “*(fine) grit”

bar

noun. dwelling, home

bar

noun. inhabited land

golas

noun. foliage

_ n. _foliage. Q. walass(s), olassie. >> Legolas

golas(s)

noun. foliage

_ n. _foliage. >> legolas

lith

noun. ash, ash; [N.] sand

A noun for “ash” appearing as an element in names like Lithlad “Plain of Ashes” (RC/457) and Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash” (WJ/239-240), as well as in the adjective lithui “ashy, ashen” (RGEO/66, RC/765). It is translated as “dust” in the name Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” (S/150), but since this is the name for Ard-galen after the region was burned by the forces of Morgoth, this may simply be a loose translation for “ash”.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. lith was glossed “sand” from primitive ᴹ✶litse under the root ᴹ√LIT (Ety/LIT), and in this document N. Fauglith was translated “Thirsty Sand” (Ety/PHAU), as opposed to its original translation from the 1920s and early-to-mid 1930s which was simply “Thirst” (LB/275; SM/26, 101; LR/280).

Neo-Sindarin: For Neo-Sindarin I’d use lith mainly in its 1950s-60s sense “ash” but also allow its 1930s sense “sand”, but for “dust” I’d use [N.] ast. @@@ Maybe it would be better to coin a neologism for “sand”?

Cognates

• ᴺQ. littë “ash”

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIT “*(fine) grit”

Element in

• S. Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” ✧ SA/lith
• S. Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash” ✧ SA/lith
• S. Lithir “?Ash River”
• S. Lithlad “Plain of Ashes” ✧ SA/lith
• S. lithui “ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty” ✧ RC/765; SA/lith

lith

noun. ash, sand, dust

golas

foliage

golas (i **olas) (collection of leaves), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. golassath. Archaic pl. göleis**._.

golas

foliage

(i ’olas) (collection of leaves), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. golassath. Archaic pl. göleis.

bâr

dwelling

bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

dwelling

(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

feiria

suffice

*feiria-. Tentative correction of the form feira- in the source (VT46:9)

feiria

suffice

. Tentative correction of the form feira- in the source (VT46:9)

lith

ash

lith (sand, dust), no distinct pl. form.

lith

ash

(sand, dust), no distinct pl. form.****

dôr

dwelling place

(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).

gobel

enclosed dwelling

(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.

grôd

underground dwelling

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

rhûd

dwelling underground

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.

gwa-lassiē

noun. foliage

Derivatives

• Q. olass(i)ë “foliage, collection of leaves” ✧ Let/282; PE17/084
• S. golas “foliage, collection of leaves” ✧ Let/282; PE17/084

Variations

• gwa-lassa/gwa-lassiē ✧ Let/282
• walass(s) ✧ PE17/084

feira-

verb. to suffice

feira-

verb. to suffice

Cognates

• ᴹQ. farya- “to suffice” ✧ EtyAC/PHAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHAR “reach, go all the way, suffice” ✧ Ety/PHAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHAR > feira-	[pʰarja-] > [ɸarja-] > [farja-] > [faria-] > [feria-] > [feira-]	✧ Ety/PHAR

lith

noun. ash, sand, dust