áya
awe
áya
noun. awe
Cognates
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶gāyā > áya [gājā] > [ɣājā] > [ājā] > [āja] ✧ PM/363
aista-
to dread
aista- (3) vb. "to dread" (GÁYAS, VT45:14; possibly obsoleted by #2 above)
thorya-
dread, feel fear
†thorya- (þorya-) vb. "dread, feel fear"; this is Old Quenya (PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)
anwar
noun. awe
anwar
noun. awe
Element in
- S. Amon Anwar “Hill of Awe” ✧ UT/301
- ᴺS. enweria- “to revere”
Variations
- Anwar ✧ UT/301; UTI/Anwar
achas
noun. dread, fear
This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition
gorn
dread
(-ngorn-) 2b n. dread, used in sense of reverence, majesty. >> Aragorn
anwar
awe
anwar (pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
anwar
awe
(pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
gae
dread
(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)
daedhelos
great dread
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.
achas
dread
(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.
delos
dread
(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
delos
dread
(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) gae (i **ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae), 3) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations. 4) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg** = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. *göryth. 5) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”. 6) goss (i **oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss). 7) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst). 8) achas (fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.
goroth
dread
(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.
gorth
dread
(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”.
goss
dread
(i ’oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
gost
dread
(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).
gôr
dread
(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.
guruthos
dread of death
(i nguruthos = i ñuruthos, o n’guruthos = o ñguruthos) (death-horror), pl. (if there is a pl.) either guruthys (in guruthys = i ñguruthys) or gyrythys (in gyrythys = i ñgyrythys) with umlaut throughtout the word. Coll. pl. guruthossath.
ñgormē
noun. dread, reverence, awe
Derivations
- √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror” ✧ PE17/113
gay(ar)
root. awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea
In Tolkien’s later writings, the root for Elvish “sea” words seems to be √GAY(AR) or √AY(AR). The first hints of this root may be words from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s: G. ail/ᴱQ. ailo “lake, pool” and G. ailion/ᴱQ. ailin “lake” (GL/17), perhaps indicating a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√AYA(LA) “lake”. The last of these Early Qenya words also appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, but Tolkien gave its root only as “?” (QL/29). This early root might also be the basis for 1920s ᴱQ. ailin “shore” which appeared in the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213).
The word ᴹQ. ailin “pool, lake” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AY, with its Noldorin form N. oel reflecting Noldorin rather than Gnomish phonology (Ety/AY). This root had an extended form ᴹ√AYAR “sea” from which Tolkien derived ᴹQ. ear and N. oer of the same meaning; among other things this extended root was the basis for a new etymology for the name ᴹQ. Earendil as “Friend of the Sea” used from the 1940s and forward (SD/241, 305); in earlier writings ᴱQ. Earendel was connected to ᴱQ. earen “(young) eagle” (QL/34).
The root √AY(AR) “sea” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, for example in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from around 1950 (TQ2: PE18/97). However, Tolkien also considered alternate derivations of “sea” words from a new root √GAY(AR), for example changing √AY(AR) >> √GAY(AR) in etymological notes written between the 1st and 2nd editions of The Lord of the Rings (PE17/27). As opposed to √AY(AR) which meant simply “sea”, Tolkien also glossed √GAY(AR) as “astound, make aghast” (WJ/400) or “awe, dread” (PM/363) and it was the basis for other words such as S. gaer “awful, fearful” (WJ/400) as well as S. goe “terror, great fear”, Q. aica “fell, terrible, dire” and Q. aira “holy, sanctified” (PM/363). In this sense √GAYA may have been a replacement or a variant of √AYA(N) “blessed”.
Tolkien seems to have been unable to make up his mind between these two derivations, as reflected in an ongoing vacillation between S. gaear (PE17/27; PM/363; WJ/400) and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) as the Sindarin word for “sea”. This word appeared in The Lord of the Rings in the phrase nef aear, sí nef aearon “here beyond the Sea, beyond the wide and sundering Sea”, but that does not resolve the question as the word in this phrase seems to be lenited, and hence would lose its initial g (if any). This vacillation continued late into Tolkien’s life: in the published corpus Tolkien derived “sea” words from √AYAR “sea” in a letter from 1967 (Let/386) and √GAYA “awe, dread” in The Shibboleth of Fëanor written in 1968 (PE/363).
Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin writing, I think it is best to use √GAY(AR) as the form for this root, though admittedly this does create problems for the etymologies of Q. ailin and S. ael “lake” (these would need to lean more heavily on their second ancient element: √LIN “pool”). It is not clear whether Tolkien always intended √GAY(AR) “awe, dread” and √AYA(N) “blessed” to coexist, though he did at least some of the time (for example on PE17/149). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin writing, I think it is best to assume they did coexist, with √AYA serving as the basis for “holy” words like Q. aira/S. aer “holy” and Q. Ainu, whereas √GAYA could serve as the basis for “awe, dread” words like Q. aica “fell, terrible, dire” and S. goe “terror, great fear”. Q. ëar/S. gaear “sea” would fall into the second group as a thing inspiring awe.
Derivatives
- ✶airō “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
- Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
- ✶gairā “awful, fearful” ✧ WJ/400
- S. gaer “awful, fearful, awful, fearful, [N.] dreadful” ✧ WJ/400
- ✶gāyā “terror, great fear” ✧ PM/363
- ✶gayakā “*fell, terrible, dire” ✧ PM/363
- Q. aica “fell, terrible, dire, fell, terrible, dire; [ᴹQ.] sharp” ✧ PM/363
- ✶gayār “sea, the terrifier” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400
- Q. aira “holy, sanctified, holy, sanctified, [ᴱQ.] worshipful” ✧ PM/363
- Q. airë “holy; sanctity, holiness” ✧ PM/363
- ᴺQ. aita- “to astound, surprise, shock, (orig.) make aghast”
- Q. ëar “sea, great sea, sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; water” ✧ PE17/027
- S. gaear “sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; SA/gaer
- ᴺS. gaeda- “to astound, make aghast (& surprise, shock)”
Element in
Variations
- GAYA ✧ PE17/149; PM/363
- gaya ✧ SA/gaer
- gay- ✧ WJ/400
gae
noun. dread
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources On. gaia > gae > goe/gae [gaia] > [gai] > [gae] ✧ Ety/GÁYAS Variations
- goe/gae ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
gae
noun. dread
goe
noun. dread
gost
noun. dread
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
gaia
noun. dread
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
Derivatives
- N. gae “dread” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GÁYAS > gaia [gajas] > [gaja] > [gaia] ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
arʒā
noun/adjective. dread
Element in
gos
root. dread
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dread” with two variations: ᴹ√GOS and ᴹ√GOTH (Ety/GOS). It was an element in quite a few names in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, such as ᴹQ. Mandos “Dread Imprisoner” (Ety/MBAD), ᴹQ. Osse (Ety/GOS), N. Gothmog (Ety/MBAW), N. Tauros “Forest-Dread” (Ety/TÁWAR), and N. Dor-Daideloth “Land of the Shadow of Dread” (LR/405), the last of these containing N. deloth “abhorrence, detestation, loathing” = ᴹ√DYEL + ᴹ√GOTH (Ety/DYEL).
In Tolkien’s later writings, many of these names were given new forms or etymologies: Q. Mandos “Castle of Custody” = mando + osto (MR/350); Q. Ossë as an adaptation of his Valarin name Oš(o)šai (WJ/400); S. Tauron “Forester” (PM/358). This calls into question whether ᴹ√GOS or ᴹ√GOTH survived as a root. It does have a few useful derivatives for the purposes of Neo-Eldarin, however, such as N. gosta- “fear exceedingly”.
Changes
GOROS→ GOS ✧ Ety/GOSDerivatives
Element in
- ᴹ✶angosse “horror” ✧ Ety/GOS
- ᴹ✶Gothombauk- ✧ Ety/MBAW
- ᴹQ. Mandos “(Dread) Imprisoner” ✧ Ety/MBAD; Ety/MBAD
- N. Bannos “Mandos, Dread Imprisoner” ✧ Ety/MBAD
- N. deloth “abhorrence, detestation, loathing” ✧ Ety/DYEL
- N. Oeros “Osse”
- N. Gothmog “Voice of Goth” ✧ Ety/GOS
- N. Tauros “Lord of Forests; (lit.) Forest-Dread” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR
Variations
- GOTH ✧ Ety/DYEL; Ety/GOS; Ety/KOT; Ety/ÑGOROTH
- GOROS ✧ EtyAC/GOS (
GOROS)
aist
noun. reverence, awe
Cognates
- Eq. aista “honour, reverence”
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ GL/18
Element in
- G. aistog “holy, revered, awful” ✧ GL/18
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√aı̯¹ > aist [aista] > [aist] ✧ GL/18
áya noun "awe" (PM:363)