_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras
Sindarin
arn
adjective. royal
arnen
adjective. (?) royal
caran
adjective. red
caran
red
caran
adjective. red
Cognates
- Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
Derivations
- ✶karani “red” ✧ VT41/10
Element in
- ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
- S. Caradhras “Redhorn”
- S.
caralluin“*red-blue”- S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
- S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ SA/caran; VT41/10
- S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
- S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
- S. Carn Dûm “?Red Valley”
- S. Carnen “Redwater”
- ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶carani- > caran [karani] > [karane] > [karan] ✧ VT41/10
arphen
noun. a noble
arod
adjective. noble
arod
noble
1b _adj._noble. >> raud
arod
adjective. noble
adj. #noble.
arod
adjective. noble
d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud
arod
adjective. noble
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶arātā > arod [arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod] ✧ PM/363
arth
adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)
gaer
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
ruin
adjective. (fiery) red
ion
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ion
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ion(n)
noun. son, son, *boy
The usual word for “son” in Sindarin, derived from the root √YON of similar meaning (MR/373; SD/129; VT50/18; Ety/YŌ). Tolkien gave it as both ion and ionn.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “son” was G. bo or bon (GL/23). This became ᴱN. gó “son” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144). Tolkien introduced N. ionn “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YO(N) of the same meaning (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien sometimes glossed its Quenya equivalents yondo or yonyo as “boy” (PE17/190; VT47/10, 27). Since we don’t have any good Sindarin words for “boy”, I’d use ionn for this purpose as well.
Cognates
- Q. yondo “son, boy, son, boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson”
Derivations
- √YON “son”
Element in
- S. Arathornion “Arathorn’s son”
- S. ar Iorhael, Gelir, Cordof, ar Baravorn, ionnath dîn “and Frodo, Merry, Pippin and Hamfast his sons” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
- S. Iôn “Son”
- S. -ion “-son”
- S. Narn Beren ion Barahir “*Tale of Beren son of Barahir” ✧ MR/373
- S. Túrin ion Húrin Túramarth “*Túrin son of Húrin, Túramarth” ✧ VT50/18
Variations
- ion ✧ MR/373; VT50/18
iond
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iôn
noun. son
iôn
masculine name. Son
A name that Eöl used for his son Maeglin while he was growing, which is simply ion(n) “son” used as a name (WJ/337).
Elements
Word Gloss ion(n) “son, son, *boy”
iond
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ionnath
noun. all the sons
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
hên
noun. child
A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.
Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- S. Eruchîn “Children of Eru (God)”
- S. i chîn Húrin “*the children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/18
- S. i·Veleglind i eithro en estar i·Chîn Húrin “*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/12
- S. Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” ✧ MR/373; S/198; SA/híni; UT/057; WJ/403
- S. Glaer nia Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” ✧ WJ/160
- S. Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” ✧ UT/140
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶khīnā/khinā > hên [kʰinā] > [kʰina] > [xina] > [xena] > [xen] > [hen] > [hēn] ✧ WJ/403 ✶khīnā/khinā > hîn [kʰinī] > [kʰini] > [xini] > [xin] > [hin] > [hīn] ✧ WJ/403
arn
noble
(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.
arn
noble
(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.
arn
royal
arn (noble), pl. ern
arn
royal
(noble), pl. ern
ar
noble
(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
ar
noble
(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
ar
royal
(adj. prefix) ar- (noble, high). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
ar
royal
(noble, high). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.
arwen
noble woman
(pl. erwin).****
caran
red
1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also
caran
red
(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)
arphen
noble
(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.
arphen
noble
pl. erphin
born
red
(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn
gaer
red, reddish
(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".
naru
red
(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).
brand
noble
(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
crann
ruddy
(lenited grann, pl. crain).
eruchen
children of the one
)
coll
red
(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".
iôn
son
iôn (-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-203, 218) _Also iond, pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath. DARK SON, see DARK ELF
iôn
son
(-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #*ionath*** isolated from Hurinionath* (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373*
rhosc
red
(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also
iond
wj
pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath.
raud
noble
(eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.
hên
child
hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
hên
child
(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)
Originally, Lonnath-Ernin might have been intended to mean 'royal havens', assuming the second element to be a regular adjective. However, the second element in Emyn Arnen 'hills of Arnen' is singular, and Tolkien later decided that it should mean 'Hill beside the water', see VT/42:17 and HL/119-124. Nevertheless, this meaning cannot apply to Lonnath-Ernin (havens are near water by definition), so unless we entirely reject this earlier form, we may assume that an adjective 'royal' is still possible.