Quenya 

-u

suffix. dual ending

Derivations

  • “dual ending for pairs” ✧ Let/427
    • YU “both, both, [ᴹ√] two”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ū > u[-ū] > [-u]✧ Let/427

Variations

  • u ✧ Let/427

-a

it is said

-r nominative plural ending regularly used on nouns ending in -a, -i, -, -o, -u, e.g. Ainur, Valar, tier. Occasionally it is added also to nouns ending in -ë (that normally take the ending -I in the pl.). This seems to regularly happen in the case of nouns in - (see #fintalë, mallë, tyellë), sometimes also otherwise (see Ingwë, wendë, essë #1). This plural ending was ("it is said") first used by the Noldor (PM:402).

-o

of goodness

-o (1) genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda (q.v.) Following a noun in -, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno "of goodness" (PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo "of greyness" in PE17:72). Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo (q.v.) = "mariner" or "mariners". Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to (but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t). The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership (which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va). The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, "from", as in Oiolossëo "from (Mount) Oiolossë" (Nam), sio "hence" (VT49:18). In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren "Annals of Valinor" becoming Yénië Valinórëo (MR:200).

-t

suffix. dual ending

Cognates

  • Ad. -at “dual suffix”
  • S. -ad “dual”

Derivations

  • -t “dual ending”
  • ata “numerative dual ending” ✧ Let/427

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ata > t[-ta] > [-t]✧ Let/427

Variations

  • t ✧ Let/427
  • -t ✧ PE17/057; PE17/075; PE17/076; PE17/190; PE22/161; VT49/48
Quenya [Let/427; PE17/057; PE17/075; PE17/076; PE17/190; PE22/161; VT49/48] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-na

no longer part of verbal conjugation

-na (4), ending used to form passive participles as well as some adjectives and nouns; see -ina. According to PE17:68, the ending -na was "no longer part of verbal conjugation"; the derived words are thus considered independent adjectives (sometimes nouns) rather than regularly derived passive participles, the obvious etymological connection to certain verbal stems notwithstanding. Where adding the ending to a root would produce the combinations tn, pn, kn (cn), metathesis occurs to produce nt, (np >) mp, nc, as in nanca *"slain" for older ¤ndakna, or hampa "restrained, delayed, kept" vs. the root KHAP "retain, keep, detain". Following -l, the suffix -na turns into -da, as in yulda "draught, the amount drunk" for older yulna (this being an example of a noun being derived with this ending, though Tolkien might also explain yulda as containing a distinct ending -da [q.v.] denoting the result of a verbal action). The word *turúna "mastered" (q.v., only attested in elided form turún) would seem to be a passive participle formed from the verb turu- "master" (PE17:113), suggesting that in the case of U-stem verbs, their final -u is lengthened to ú when -na is added.

attat

2 fathers or neighbours

-t (1) dual ending, on nouns denoting a _pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" (VT48:19; see _atto), máryat "her (pair of) hands" (Nam), siryat "two rivers" (VT47:11), ciriat "2 ships" (Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?), maquat "group of ten" (from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five") (VT47:7), nápat "thumb and index as a pair" (VT48:5), also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" (Nam, VT47:11). Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" (Aldu). The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r (elen atta siluvat**, "two stars shall shine", VT49:45; the verb carit** "do" would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50).

Sindarin 

-u

suffix. a person or being

Derivations

  • WĒ/EWE “person, being, individual” ✧ PE17/190

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
WE > -u[-we] > [-w] > [-u]✧ PE17/190
Sindarin [PE17/190] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

A masculine suffix and ending in male names (PE17/43, 141; WJ/400), probably related to the masculine ending or agental suffix ✶-on(do) (NM/353; Ety/KAL). It becomes -or when following an n (PE17/141).

Conceptual Development: N. -on was often use as a male suffix in the Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s. In Gnomish of the 1910s, it seems G. -os was another common male suffix in words such as G. ainos “(male) god” from neuter G. ain “god” (GL/18) and G. hethos “brother” from neuter G. heth “✱sibling” (GL/48-49), though masculine G. -(r)on was still more common in this early period.

Cognates

  • Q. -ndo “masculine agent”

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • -on ✧ PE17/141; WJ/387; WJ/400
  • -or ✧ PE17/141
Sindarin [PE17/141; WJ/387; WJ/400] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uin

preposition. of the

Sindarin [SD/129-31] o+i. Group: SINDICT. Published by

en

of the

e- (sg. genitival article)

nan

preposition. of

o

from

(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)

Telerin 

-o

suffix. of

Cognates

  • Q. -o “of; genitive ending” ✧ WJ/369

Adûnaic

-u-

suffix. objective inflection

The inflection used to mark nouns in the objective case (SD/430), used either as a suffix (for weak-nouns) or replacing the last vowel (for strong-nouns). Feminine nouns sometimes use -i- instead for their objective forms (SD/432), owing to the association of the final vowel -u with masculinity.

Variations

  • -u ✧ SD/430

suffix. masculine suffix

A suffix used to form masculine nouns from common or neuter nouns (SD/435). Another common variant was (SD/438).

Variations

  • ✧ SD/435

Khuzdûl

-u

suffix. of, in

Element in

  • Kh. bund “head” ✧ PE17/036
  • Kh. Bundushathûr “Cloudy-head” ✧ PE17/036; TI/174

Variations

  • u ✧ PE17/036; TI/174
Khuzdûl [PE17/036; PE17/047; TI/174] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ul

suffix. of

Element in

  • Kh. Azanulbizar “Dimrill Dale, (lit.) Rills of the Shadows” ✧ RC/269

Variations

  • |ul ✧ PE17/047
Khuzdûl [PE17/047; RC/269] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

suffix. dual ending for pairs

Derivations

  • YU “both, both, [ᴹ√] two”

Derivatives

  • Q. -u “dual ending” ✧ Let/427

Variations

  • ū ✧ Let/427
Primitive elvish [Let/427] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-t

suffix. dual ending

Derivatives

  • Q. -t “dual ending”

Variations

  • t ✧ VT49/50
Primitive elvish [VT49/50] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. -ndo “*agent (male)”

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶-ndō “agental suffix”

Element in

Variations

  • -on ✧ Ety/NU

-we

suffix. masculine suffix

Derivations

  • On. -wega “masculine name” ✧ Ety/WEG
    • ᴹ✶wegō “man; warrior” ✧ Ety/WEG
    • ᴹ√WEG “(manly) vigour” ✧ Ety/ING; Ety/WEG

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. -wega > -we[-wega] > [-weɣa] > [-weɣ] > [-we]✧ Ety/WEG

an

preposition. of

Element in

Noldorin [WR/287; WR/379; WR/388] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nan

preposition. of


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

-we

suffix. masculine suffix

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶wegō “man; warrior” ✧ Ety/WEG
    • ᴹ√WEG “(manly) vigour” ✧ Ety/ING; Ety/WEG

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶-wego > -we[-wego] > [-weg] > [-weɣ] > [-we]✧ Ety/WEG

Variations

  • -we ✧ Ety/WEG; PE21/01
Qenya [Ety/WEG; PE21/01] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

-on Reconstructed

suffix. masculine suffix

Apparently a masculine suffix attested in the name Dairon.

Element in

Gnomish

-os

suffix. masculine suffix

Element in

  • G. ainos “(male) god” ✧ GL/18
  • G. hiros “guardian, overseer, lord, master”
  • G. hethos “brother” ✧ GL/49

Variations

  • -os ✧ GL/18 (-os); GL/49 (-os)
Gnomish [GL/18; GL/49] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-weg

suffix. masculine suffix

Cognates

Element in

  • G. badweg “traveller; pedlar” ✧ GL/21 (badweg)
  • G. bridhweg “liege (m.)” ✧ GL/24
  • G. bridhwig “liege (f.)”
  • S. Bronwe “*Endurance”
  • G. Bronweg “Constant One” ✧ LT1A/Bronweg
  • G. driodweg “hero, warrior” ✧ GL/30
  • G. aithweg “warrior” ✧ PE13/109
  • G. faronweg “foreigner (m.)” ✧ GL/34
  • G. felweg “one’s fellow or equal, rival” ✧ GL/34
  • G. gothweg “warrior” ✧ GL/42
  • G. horweg “an ancient, old man” ✧ LT1A/Vailimo
  • G. enweg “name sake” ✧ GL/32
  • G. finweg “craftsman, man of skill” ✧ LT1A/Finwë
  • G. Manweg ✧ LT1A/Manwë
  • G. mothweg “shepherd”
  • G. curdhweg “sinner [m.]” ✧ GL/28
  • G. fedhirweg “lawman, lawyer” ✧ GL/34
Gnomish [GL/21; GL/24; GL/28; GL/30; GL/32; GL/34; GL/42; LT1A/Bronweg; LT1A/Finwë; LT1A/Manwë; LT1A/Vailimo; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a(n)

preposition. of

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ā ✧ PE13/108

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ GG/07; GL/17; GL/49; LT1A/Uolë Kúvion; LT1I/Gilfanon
  • an ✧ GG/11; GL/26; GL/26; LT2A/Cûm an-Idrisaith
  • a ✧ GG/11; GL/34; GL/46; GL/64; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith; LT2A/Falasquil; LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin; PE13/093; PE13/108
Gnomish [GG/07; GG/11; GG/12; GL/17; GL/26; GL/34; GL/46; GL/49; GL/64; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith; LT1A/Uolë Kúvion; LT1I/Gilfanon; LT2A/Cûm an-Idrisaith; LT2A/Falasquil; LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin; PE13/093; PE13/108] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

preposition. of

nan

preposition. of

Early Noldorin

na

preposition. of

Element in

Early Noldorin [LB/275; SM/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-u

suffix. adverb suffix

Element in

  • Eq. eru “once” ✧ PE14/051
Early Quenya [PE14/047; PE14/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nu

suffix. masculine suffix

A common masculine suffix in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s in words like varyanu “[male] foreigner”, probably a reduced form of ᴱQ. anu (QL/31) and often paired with its feminine equivalent ᴱQ. -ni.

Element in

  • Eq. ettanu “male cousin” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. hestanu “brother” ✧ QL/040
  • Eq. túranu “king” ✧ QL/095
  • Eq. varyanu “foreigner” ✧ QL/100

Elements

WordGloss
anu“a male, man”
Early Quenya [QL/036; QL/040; QL/095; QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ndo

suffix. masculine suffix

Element in

  • Eq. herendo “brother” ✧ QL/040
Early Quenya [QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by