tanca

firm, fixed, sure

tanca ("k")adj. "firm, fixed, sure" (TAK)

tulca

firm, strong, immovable, steadfast

tulca (1) ("k") adj. "firm, strong, immovable, steadfast" (TULUK)

astaldo

masculine name. Valiant

The sobriquet of Tulkas (S/28), a masculinized form of the adjective astalda “strong” (PE17/115).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, the sobriquet of Tulkas was ᴱQ. Poldórea (LT1/79), which was the adjective ᴱQ. poldórea “muscular” used as a name (QL/75). The name ᴹQ. Poldórea still appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, variously glossed “Strong One” or “Valiant” (SM/79, LR/206). It appeared in The Etymologies as an adjectival form of ᴹQ. poldore “physical strength; might” from the root ᴹ√POL(OD) “physically strong” (Ety/POL).

In later writings, the name Q. Poldórëa appeared in Tolkien’s Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the 1950s, along with variants Poldor and Poldorno, where he considered a new meaning for this name as “breaker up of the hard/tough” with its second element coming from the root √DOR “hard” (PE17/181). Ultimately, though the name was changed to Astaldo in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/149).

Elements

Word	Gloss
astalda	“strong, *valiant”

tulunca

steady, firm

tulunca ("k") adj. "steady, firm" (LT1:270; in Tolkien's later Quenya tulca)

sanda

firm, true, abiding

sanda (þ) (1) adj. "firm, true, abiding" (STAN)

talya

adjective. stalwart, steady, firm

Cognates

• N. thala “stalwart, steady, firm, stalwart, steady, firm, [ᴱN.] hardy, valiant, bold”

taug

adjective. firm

adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden.

thala

firm

1) thala (steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili, 2) thand (true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkiens manuscript).

thala

firm

(steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili

thala

steady

thala (stalwart, firm), pl. ?theili;

thala

steady

(stalwart, firm), pl. ?theili;

thala

stalwart

1) thala (steady, firm), pl. ?theili; 2) tolog (lenited dolog; pl. telyg for archaic tölyg) (trusty)

thala

stalwart

(steady, firm), pl. ?theili

tolog

stalwart

(lenited dolog; pl. telyg for archaic tölyg) (trusty)

thand

firm

(true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkien’s manuscript).

tangada

make firm

(confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)

tanc

firm

(adj.) tanc (lenited danc; pl. tainc)

tanc

firm

(lenited danc; pl. tainc)

estel

steady purpose

(hope, trust), pl. estil

thala

adjective. stalwart, steady, firm

thala

adjective. stalwart, steady, firm, stalwart, steady, firm, [ᴱN.] hardy, valiant, bold

Cognates

• ᴺQ. talya “stalwart, steady, firm”
• ᴹT. stalga “stalwart, steady, firm” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG

Derivations

• On. sthalga “stalwart, steady, firm” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG
  • ᴹ✶stalga “stalwart, steady, firm” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG
  • ᴹ√STALAG “*stalwart, steady, firm” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. sthalga > thala	[sθalga] > [θalga] > [θalɣa] > [θalɣ] > [θala]	✧ Ety/STÁLAG

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

tangada-

verb. to make firm, confirm, establish

tanc

adjective. firm

tanc

adjective. firm, firm; [ᴱN.] steady, steadfast; [G.] settled

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tanka “firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast” ✧ Ety/TAK

Derivations

• ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast, make” ✧ Ety/TAK

Element in

• N. Marthanc “Hamfast”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TAK > tanc	[taŋka] > [taŋkʰa] > [taŋxa] > [taŋx] > [taŋk]	✧ Ety/TAK

tolog

adjective. stalwart, trusty