ossë

terror

ossë noun "terror" (GOS/GOTH). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, ossë was also the name of a Tengwa similar in shape to Roman c, which in a full-vowel mode apparently had the value o. (VT45:15; in the Sindarin "Mode of Beleriand", exemplified in the LotR itself, this letter has the value a instead. Elsewhere in the Etymologies itself, this symbol is called Elwë (q.v.) and is assigned the value e.)

ossë

terror

Ossë noun name of a Maia, adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:400), though connected with the common noun ossë "terror" in Etym (GOS/GOTH)

norto

horror

norto (ñ)noun "a horror" _(VT46:4. In Tengwar writing, the initial N would be represented by the letter noldo, not númen.)_

thorya-

dread, feel fear

†thorya- (þorya-) vb. "dread, feel fear"; this is Old Quenya (PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)

aista-

to dread

aista- (3) vb. "to dread" (GÁYAS, VT45:14; possibly obsoleted by #2 above)

dael

noun. horror

_ n. _horror.

dael

noun. horror

Derivations

• √NDAY “dreadful, abominable, detestable” ✧ PE17/151

Element in

• S. daedelos “horrible fear” ✧ PE17/151

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NDAY > dael	[ndaila] > [daila] > [dail] > [dael]	✧ PE17/151

del

noun. horror

Element in

• S. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade, (lit.) Horror of Night-shadow” ✧ SA/del
• S. deloth “abhorrence, abhorrence, [N.] detestation, loathing” ✧ SA/del

gorog

noun. horror

gorog

noun. horror

Derivations

• ✶(ñ)guruk “horror” ✧ WJ/415

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶guruk > gorog	[guruk] > [gorok] > [gorog]	✧ WJ/415

gorth

noun. horror

gorth

noun. horror

groga-

verb. to feel terror

goe

noun. terror, great fear

goe

noun. terror, great fear, terror, great fear, [N.] dread

Cognates

• Q. áya “awe” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

• ✶gāyā “terror, great fear” ✧ PM/363
  • √GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PM/363

Element in

• S. Goenor “Fell Fire” ✧ PM/363
• S. goeol “*fell, terrible, dire” ✧ PM/363

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶gāyā > goe	[gājā] > [gāja] > [gǭja] > [gǭia] > [goia] > [goi] > [goe]	✧ PM/363

gorn

dread

(-ngorn-) 2b n. dread, used in sense of reverence, majesty. >> Aragorn

gorgor

noun. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear

gorgor

noun. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear

Derivations

• √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror”

Element in

• S. Cirith Gorgor “Haunted Pass” ✧ RC/335

achas

noun. dread, fear

This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition

goe

terror

1) goe (i **oe) (great fear), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) gorgoroth (i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n**gorgoroth) (deadly fear), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. *görgöryth. 3) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost) (dread), pl. gyst (in gyst** = i ñgyst).

goe

terror

(i ’oe) (great fear), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe)

gorgoroth

terror

(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth) (deadly fear), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. ✱görgöryth.

gost

terror

(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost) (dread), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).

angos

horror

1) angos (pl. engys) (VT45:15), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) girith (i **irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith), 5) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 6) gorog (i ngorog = i ñorog, o n**gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg. 7) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth. 8) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”, 9) goss (i **oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

angos

horror

(pl. engys) (VT45:15)

delos

horror

(i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

dêl

horror

(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl)

girith

horror

(i ’irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith)

gorog

horror

(i ngorog = i ñorog, o n’gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg.

goroth

horror

(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth.

gorth

horror

(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”

goss

horror

(i ’oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

groga

feel terror

(i ’roga, in grogar) (WJ:415)

gôr

horror

(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.

gorgor

extreme horror

gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n**gorgor = o ñgorgor) (deadly fear), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. gorgorath (WJ:415). Archaic pl. görgyr**.

gorgor

extreme horror

gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n**gorgor = o ñgorgor) (deadly fear), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. gorgorath** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. *görgyr.

delos

dread

(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

delos

dread

(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) gae (i **ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae), 3) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations. 4) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg** = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. *göryth. 5) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”. 6) goss (i **oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss). 7) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst). 8) achas (fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

gorth

dread

(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”.

gôr

dread

(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.

goroth

dread

(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.

guruthos

dread of death

(i nguruthos = i ñuruthos, o n’guruthos = o ñguruthos) (death-horror), pl. (if there is a pl.) either guruthys (in guruthys = i ñguruthys) or gyrythys (in gyrythys = i ñgyrythys) with umlaut throughtout the word. Coll. pl. guruthossath.

daedhelos

great dread

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

gae

dread

(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)

goss

dread

(i ’oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

gost

dread

(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).

achas

dread

(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

gáia

noun. terror, great fear

Cognates

• Q. áya “awe” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

• ✶gāyā “terror, great fear” ✧ PM/363
  • √GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PM/363

Element in

• T. gáiala “*fell, terrible, dire” ✧ PM/363

Variations

• gāia ✧ PM/363

(ñ)guruk

noun. horror

Derivatives

• S. gorog “horror” ✧ WJ/415

Variations

• guruk ✧ WJ/389; WJ/415
• ñguruk ✧ WJ/390

ngur

root. horror

gāyā

noun. terror, great fear

Derivations

• √GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PM/363

Derivatives

• Q. áya “awe” ✧ PM/363
• S. goe “terror, great fear, terror, great fear, [N.] dread” ✧ PM/363
• T. gáia “terror, great fear” ✧ PM/363

n(g)ā

noun. terror, terrible thing

ñgor

root. dread, terror, fear, horror

This root was connected to fear and dread in Tolkien’s later writing, most notably in S. goroth as an element in S. Gorgoroth “[Valley] of Terror” as the name of a region in Mordor (LotR/401), as well as in S. Ered Gorgoroth “Mountains of Terror” where Ungoliant dwelled (S/95). The root first appeared in its extended form ᴹ√ÑGOROTH “horror” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ÑGOROTH) with a variant ÑGOR-OT mentioned in another entry (EtyAC/GOS). The unextended root √ÑGOR was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “dread” (PE17/113), “terror, dread” (PE17/154), “fear” (PE17/172) and “terror” (PE17/183). It did not necessarily have an entirely negative meaning, however, as its derivative S. gorn given the sense “revered” in (one possible) etymology of S. Aragorn < Ara-ngorn “Revered King” (PE17/113).

A variant root √NGUR “horror” was mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/415), but elsewhere √ÑGUR was generally given the sense “death”; see that entry for detail.

Derivatives

• ✶ñgormē “dread, reverence, awe” ✧ PE17/113
• ✶ñgornā “dreaded, revered” ✧ PE17/113
  • S. gorn “revered” ✧ PE17/113
• Q. nor- “fear” ✧ PE17/172
• S. gor “horror, dread, fear” ✧ PE17/172
• S. gorgor “extreme horror, terror, haunting fear”
• N. gorgor “dreadful”
• S. goroth “horror, dread” ✧ WJ/415

Element in

• ✶ñgor(o)-thūsō “Mist of Fear” ✧ PE17/183
• ✶(ñ)guruk “horror” ✧ WJ/415

Variations

• NGUR ✧ WJ/415

angos

noun. horror

Derivations

• ᴹ✶angosse “horror” ✧ EtyAC/GOS; EtyAC/GOS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶añgoss- > angos	[aŋgossǝ] > [aŋgoss] > [aŋgos]	✧ EtyAC/GOS

Variations

• ãngos ✧ EtyAC/GOS (ãngos)

del

noun. horror

Derivations

• ᴹ√DYEL “feel fear and disgust; abhor” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DYEL

Element in

• N. Delduthling “Ungoliant, *(lit.) Horror Night Spider” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
• N. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade” ✧ Ety/DYEL
• N. deleb “horrible, abominable, loathsome” ✧ Ety/DYEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DYEL > del	[djel] > [del]	✧ Ety/DYEL

Variations

• Del ✧ Ety/DOƷ

goroth

noun. horror

goroth

noun. horror

Cognates

• Ilk. ngorth “horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGOROTH “horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
  • ᴹ√GOR “violence, impetus, haste” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

Element in

• N. Gorgos “Dire-castle”
• N. Gorthû “*Fear Stench”
• N. Nan Dongoroth “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
• N. Nann Orothvor “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGÓROTH > goroth	[ŋgorotʰo] > [ŋgoroθo] > [goroθo] > [goroθ]	✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

gost

noun. dread, terror

Cognates

• ᴹQ. osse “terror” ✧ Ety/GOS

Derivations

• ᴹ√GOS “dread” ✧ Ety/GOS

Element in

• S. Aragost
• N. Bannos “Mandos, Dread Imprisoner”
• N. Gostir “Dread-glance” ✧ Ety/GOS
• N. Gothrog “Dread Demon” ✧ Ety/GOS
• N. guruthos “fear of death” ✧ Ety/GOS
• N. Tauros “Lord of Forests; (lit.) Forest-Dread” ✧ Ety/GOS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GOS > gost	[goste] > [gost]	✧ Ety/GOS

gae

noun. dread

Derivations

• On. gaia “dread” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
  • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. gaia > gae > goe/gae	[gaia] > [gai] > [gae]	✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Variations

• goe/gae ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

gae

noun. dread

goe

noun. dread

gost

noun. dread