tel
roof
hellë
sky
hellë noun "sky" (3EL; a distinct word hellë "frost" was struck out, see KHEL.)
ilwë
sky, heavens
ilwë noun "sky, heavens" (LT1:255), "the middle air among the stars" (LT1:273). VT49:51, 53 also mentions an obscure prononominal element ilwë.
tópa
roof
tópa noun "roof" (TOP)
tópa-
roof
tópa- vb. "roof" (TOP)
telumbë
noun. mushroom
Cognates
- ᴺS. telum “mushroom”
Derivations
- √TELU “roof in, put the crown on a building”
Menel
noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars
telum
noun. mushroom
Cognates
- ᴺQ. telumbë “mushroom”
Derivations
- √TELU “roof in, put the crown on a building”
telu
roof
(noun, high roof) telu (i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely);
telu
roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely);
orthel
roof
(verb.) orthel- (i orthel, in erthelir for archaic in örthelir) (screen above);
orthel
roof
(i orthel, in erthelir for archaic in örthelir) (screen above);
toba
roof over
(i** doba, i** thobar) (cover). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo).**
tobas
roof, roofing
(i** dobas, o thobas), pl. tebais (i** thebais) for archaic pl. töbais (VT46:19)
ell
noun. sky
An element meaning “sky” in several names from The Etymologies of the 1930s: N. Elfaron “Sky-hunter” (Ety/SPAR) and N. Elthoron “Eagle of the Sky” (Ety/THOR). It was derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” which had an Old Noldorin form: ON. elle (Ety/ƷEL). However, Tolkien said “In Noldorin and Telerin this is confused with EL star”, implying that the word was not used in modern language; an earlier but rejected version of this entry had archaic N. †ell, el “sky” (EtyAC/ƷEL).
Neo-Sindarin: Despite the above statements, ell is probably the best attested option for “sky” in Neo-Sindarin, and I would use it as such, since it is in fact distinct from S. êl “star”, a word that is itself archaic/poetic versus more common S. gil.
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources On. elle > ell > el [elle] > [ell] > [el] ✧ Ety/ƷEL Variations
- el ✧ Ety/SPAR (el); Ety/THOR (el); EtyAC/ƷEL (
el)
orthel-
verb. to roof, screen above
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
helle
noun. sky
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Element in
- ᴹQ. helyanwe “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷEL > helle [ɣelle] > [helle] ✧ Ety/ƷEL Variations
- helle ✧ Ety/ƷEL
tópa
noun. roof
A noun for “roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar form ᴱQ. túpo “roof, cover, lid” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95), with just the gloss “roof” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/95). It also had a couple of other unrelated words: ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) “roof, covering” both derived from the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).
Cognates
- N. tobas “roofing, roof” ✧ Ety/TOP
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. hentópa “eyelid”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tōp- > tópa [tōpa] ✧ Ety/TOP
gell
noun. sky
A Doriathrin noun for “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL (Ety/ƷEL), probably from a primitive form ✱✶ʒellē [ɣellē] based on its cognates. It is a clear example of how [[ilk|initial [ɣ] became [g]]] in Ilkorin.
Cognates
- ᴹQ. helle “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷEL > gell [ɣellē] > [ɣelle] > [gelle] > [gell] ✧ Ety/ƷEL
el
noun. sky
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Element in
- On. elyanme “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷEL > el [ɣel] > [el] ✧ Ety/ƷEL
elle
noun. sky
Cognates
- ᴹQ. helle “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Derivatives
- N. ell “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷEL > elle [ɣelle] > [elle] ✧ Ety/ƷEL
ʒel
root. sky
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky”, with derivatives like ᴹQ. helle/N. ell “sky” and ᴹQ. helwa/N. elw “(pale) blue” (Ety/ƷEL). It was the basis for the initial elements of the names N. Elrond, N. Elwing and ᴹQ. Elwe, but elsewhere Tolkien connected these names to √EL “star”. It was also an element in the word N. eilian(w) “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge”, later given as S. ninniach. On the basis of these changes, I think it is likely Tolkien abandoned ᴹ√ƷEL, but some of its derived words are still popular in Neo-Eldarin.
Derivatives
- Ilk. gell “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- Ilk. gelu “(pale) blue” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- ᴹ✶
Helwe“Elwe” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- N. Elwe “Elwe” ✧ EtyAC/ƷEL
- ᴺQ. helin “pansy”
- ᴹQ. helle “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- ᴹQ. helwa “(pale) blue” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- ᴹT. Elu
- On. el “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- On. elle “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- N. ell “sky” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- On. elwa “(pale) blue” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
- N. elw “(pale) blue” ✧ Ety/ƷEL
Element in
telum
noun. roof; sky
telm
noun. roof; sky
Derivations
- ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish” ✧ GL/70; LT1A/Teleri
Element in
- G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” ✧ LT1A/Teleri
- G. Telumaithor “Swordsman of the Sky” ✧ GL/70
Variations
- telum ✧ GL/70
teld
noun. roof
Derivations
- ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish” ✧ GL/70
Variations
- telthon ✧ GL/70
- Teld ✧ PE13/104
telthon
noun. roof
clum(mi)
noun. mushroom
A noun appearing as {clumbi >>} G. clummi or clum “mushroom” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/26), cognate to ᴱQ. telumbe “mushroom” under the root ᴱ√TELE “cover in” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/90). It is an example of the sound change whereby tl became cl in Gnomish.
Neo-Sindarin: This sound change occurred in Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s; compare N. eglenn to S. edlen(n) “exiled” (Ety/LED; PE17/51). To avoid these questions, I would adapt this Gnomish word as ᴺS. telum “mushroom” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Changes
clumbi→ clummi ✧ GL/26Cognates
- Eq. telumbe “mushroom, (lit.) fairy-canopy”
Derivations
- ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish” ✧ GL/26
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√tel > clum [telumbe] > [tlumbe] > [tlumb] > [tlum] > [klum] ✧ GL/26 Variations
- clummi ✧ GL/26
- clum ✧ GL/26
- clumbi ✧ GL/26 (
clumbi)
luithon
noun. sky
A word for “sky” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of G. lui “blueness” (GL/55).
ilon
noun. sky
A word for “sky” in an early name list from the 1910s and appearing in a couple early names: G. Thlim Quing Ilon “✱Folk of the Heavenly Arc” and G. Cris o Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” (PE13/101, 104), the latter revised to G. Cris Ilbranteloth (LT2/202). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, however, G. Ilon was the name of Ilúvatar (GL/50).
Derivations
- ᴱ√ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars”
Element in
- G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” ✧ LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon
- G. Ilon “Ilúvatar, God” ✧ LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon
- G. Thlim Quing Ilon “*Folk of the Heavenly Arc” ✧ PE13/104
Variations
- Ilon ✧ LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon; PE13/104; PE13/104; PE15/27 (
Ilon)
dai
noun. sky
Cognates
- Eq. taime “sky” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
Derivations
- ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
Element in
- G. daimoth “heaven” ✧ GL/29; LT1A/Telimektar
- G. Dor-na-Dhaideloth “[Land of] Heaven Roof” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
- G. Ladwen-na-Dhaideloth “Heath of the Sky-roof” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
- G. Daimord “Shepherd of the Sky” ✧ GL/29; LT1A/Telimektar; PE13/112
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TAHA > dai [daxa] > [dax] > [dai] ✧ LT1A/Telimektar Variations
- dai ✧ LT1A/Telimektar; PE13/112
telum
noun. sky, sky; [G.] roof
tel
noun. roof
Derivations
- ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar; QL/090
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TELE > tel [teld] > [tel] ✧ QL/090
tea
noun. sky
taime
noun. sky
A word for “the sky” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with variants Taime and Taimie from the early root ᴱ√TAHA [DAHA] (QL/87). ᴱQ. tea “sky” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s is probably related, as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/142).
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar; QL/087
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TAHA > Taime [taximē] > [taxime] > [taɣime] > [taime] ✧ QL/087 Variations
- Taimë ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
- Taimië ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
- tea ✧ PE16/142
- Taime ✧ QL/088
- Taimie ✧ QL/088
taimie
noun. sky
tel noun "roof" (LT1:268). Rather tópa in Tolkiens later Quenya.