milyar

noun. soft

soft [sonants]

mussë

soft

mussë adj. "soft" (VT:39:17), also used as a noun (perhaps primarily in the pl. form mussi) with the same meaning as mussë tengwi, see below. (VT39:17)

mussë

adjective. soft

Variations

• musse ✧ VT39/17

maxa

pliant, soft

maxa ("ks")adj. "pliant, soft" (MASAG, VT45:32)

moica

gentle, soft

moica ("k")adj. "gentle, soft" (GL:58)

masta-

bake

masta- vb. "bake" (MBAS)

miquelis

soft, sweet kiss

miquelis (miquelis(s)-) noun "soft, sweet kiss" (PE16:96)

milya

soft, gentle, weak

milya (1) adj. "soft, gentle, weak" (VT45:34)

-ima

fair

-ima adjectival suffix. Sometimes it is used to derive simple adjectives, like vanima "fair" or calima "bright"; it can also take on the meaning "-able" (PE17:68), as in mátima "edible" (mat- "eat"), nótima "countable" (not- "count") and (with a negative prefix) úquétima "unspeakable" (from quet- "speak"). Note that the stem-vowel is normally lengthened in the derivatives where -ima means "-able", though this fails to occur in cenima "visible" (q.v., but contrast hraicénima, q.v.) and also before a consonant cluster as in úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176). "X-ima" may mean "apt to X" (when the ending is added to an intransitive verbal stem), as in Fírimar "mortals", literally "those apt to die" (WJ:387). The adj. úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176) also appears as úfantuma (PE17:180), indicating the existence of a variant ending -uma (possibly used to derive adjectives with a "bad" meaning; compare the ending *-unqua next to -inqua, q.v.)

vanya

fair

vanya (1) adj. "fair" (FS), "beautiful" (BAN), a word referring to beauty that is "due to lack of fault, or blemish" (PE17:150), hence Arda Vanya as an alternative to Arda Alahasta for "Arda Unmarred" (ibid., compare MR:254). Nominal pl. Vanyar "the Fair", the first clan of the Eldar; the original meaning of this stem was "pale, light-coloured, not brown or dark" (WJ:382, 383, stem given as WAN), "properly = white complexion and blonde hair" (PE17:154, stem given as GWAN); stems BAN vs. WAN discussed, see PE17:150.

vanë

fair

vanë adj. "fair" (LT1:272; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather vanya)

vanë

adjective. fair, fair, [ᴱQ.] lovely

Derivations

• √BAN “beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/056

Element in

• Q. úvanë(a) “without beauty”
• Q. vanessë “beauty” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. vanië “beauty” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. vanima “beautiful, fair, beautiful, fair, *handsome; [ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair” ✧ PE17/056

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BAN > vane	[bani] > [bane] > [βane] > [vane]	✧ PE17/056

Variations

• vane ✧ PE17/056

linda

fair, beautiful

linda adj. "fair, beautiful" (of sound) (SLIN, LIND; VT45:27), "soft, gentle, light" (PE16:96), "beautiful, sweet, melodious of sound" (PE17:150); for Linda as a noun, see Lindar.

alima

fair, good

alima adj. "fair, good" (also alya) (PE17:146)

alya

fair, good

alya (1) adj. "fair, good" (PE17:146), "prosperous, rich, abundant, blessed" (GALA). In a deleted entry in Etym, the glosses provided were "rich, blessed"; another deleted entry defined alya as "rich, prosperous, blessed". (GALA, [ÁLAM], VT42:32, 45:5, 14)

linda

adjective. beautiful (of sound), sweet, melodious; soft, gentle, light, beautiful (of sound), sweet, melodious; soft, gentle, light, [ᴱQ.] kind; [ᴹQ.] fair

Derivations

• ✶lindā “*sweet sounding”

Element in

• Q. lindalë “music”
• Q. norolinda “*tripping lightly” ✧ PE16/096

Variations

• Linda ✧ PE17/150

moica

adjective. soft, gentle

Derivations

• ᴹ√MOY “dear, dear; [ᴱ√] *soft, gentle”

malaqua

adjective. soft, yielding, tender (of meat, substances, etc.)

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBAL “?crush, pound, [ᴱ√] crush, *pound; hurt, pain, damage, give maim to”

bain

fair

_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân

bân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain

fael

adjective. fair minded, just, generous

gwain

adjective. fair

adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.

gwana

noun/adjective. fair

Changes

• gwain → gwana “fair, general word for Elves” ✧ PE17/140

Derivations

• ✶wanasō ✧ PE17/140

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶wanasō > gwana	[wanasō] > [wanaso] > [wanaho] > [gwanaho] > [gwanah] > [gwana]	✧ PE17/140

Variations

• gwain ✧ PE17/140 (gwain)

gwân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, pale.

lind

adjective. fair

Derivations

• √LIN “sing, make a musical sound, sing, make a musical sound, [ᴱ√] gentle”

Element in

• S. Linhir “Fair Stream” ✧ RC/587

Variations

• lin ✧ RC/587 (lin)

mae

soft

mae (lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.

mae

soft

(lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.

mae

adjective. soft, pliant

Element in

• ᴺS. maeas “dough”

muig

adjective. soft, gentle

Derivations

• ᴹ√MOY “dear, dear; [ᴱ√] *soft, gentle”

bain

fair

bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bain

fair

(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bani

adjective. fair

Element in

• Q. vanië “beauty” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. vanima “beautiful, fair, beautiful, fair, *handsome; [ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair” ✧ PE17/057

Variations

• vanĭ ✧ PE17/057

mbas

root. bake, bake, [ᴱ√] cook; [ᴹ√] knead

This root was connected to bread and baking for all of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. maksa- “cook” and ᴱQ. masta “bread” (QL/59). In this period, both unstrengthened and strengthened forms were used as indicated by the Gnomish roots bas or mas (QL/59), both reflected by words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. bast “bread”, G. brath- “to cook”, and G. mast “feed, food, nourishment; fodder” (GL/22, 24, 56), though the mas- words seem to be influenced by ᴱ√MATA “eat”.

The root appeared as ᴹ√MBAS in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the derivatives like ᴹQ. masta/N. bast “bread” and ᴹQ. masta- “bake” (Ety/MBAS). When this root was first written it had the gloss “knead” and an unstrengthened form ᴹ√MAS, but both of these were crossed through (EtyAC/MBAS). The sense “knead” was transferred to the root ᴹ√MASAG, which still shows signs of unstrengthened ᴹ√MAS (Ety/MASAG). The root √MBAS “bake” appeared again in notes from the 1960s discussing the origin of S. lembas (PE17/51).

Derivatives

• ✶mbassē “(baked) bread” ✧ PE17/051
  • Q. massa “bread” ✧ PE17/052
• ✶mbasta “batch” ✧ PE17/051
• ᴺQ. maxa- “to cook”
• S. bas(t) “bread”
• ᴺS. basta- “to bake”
• ᴺS. bothol “oven”

Element in

• ✶mbasta “batch” ✧ PE17/051
• ✶mbazdā “baked or a baked thing” ✧ PE17/051; PE17/051
• S. lembas “waybread, journey-bread” ✧ PE17/051

wanyā

adjective. fair

Derivations

• √(G)WAN “pale, fair” ✧ WJ/383

Derivatives

• Q. Vanya “Fair Elves, the Fair” ✧ WJ/380; WJ/383
  • T. Vania “Vanya” ✧ WJ/383

Variations

• wanjā ✧ WJ/380; WJ/383

moe

adjective. soft

moe

adjective. soft, pliant

Cognates

• ᴹQ. maksa “soft, pliant” ✧ Ety/MASAG

Derivations

• On. maiga “soft, pliant” ✧ Ety/MASAG; EtyAC/MASAG
  • ᴹ✶mazgā “soft, pliant” ✧ Ety/MASAG; EtyAC/MASAG; EtyAC/MASAG
  • ᴹ√MASAG “knead, make soft by rubbing, kneading” ✧ Ety/MASAG; EtyAC/MASAG
    • ᴹ√M(B)AS “knead”
  • ᴹ√M(B)AS “knead” ✧ EtyAC/MAS
  • ᴹ√MASAG “knead, make soft by rubbing, kneading” ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
  • ᴹ√M(B)AS “knead”

Element in

• N. moeas “dough” ✧ Ety/MASAG

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. maiga > moe	[maiga] > [maiɣa] > [maiɣ] > [mai] > [moe]	✧ Ety/MASAG

mada

adjective. soft, pliant, yielding

Derivations

• ᴹ√MASAG “knead, make soft by rubbing, kneading” ✧ EtyAC/MASAG
  • ᴹ√M(B)AS “knead”

Element in

• N. madhias “softness, pliancy” ✧ EtyAC/MASAG (maðias)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MÁSAG > madhgh > mada	[mazga] > [maðɣa] > [maðɣ] > [maða]	✧ EtyAC/MASAG