(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).
Sindarin
gond
stone
gondren
adjective. (made) of stone
gond
noun. great stone, rock
bo
preposition. on
bo
preposition. *on
Element in
- S. bo Ceven sui vi Menel “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/26
erin
preposition. on the
gond
stone
gondrath
street of stone
(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)
gondren
made of stone, stony
(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).
gonhir
master of stone
(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)
thîr
noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance
A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.
Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).
Cognates
- Q. -stir “face”
Derivations
Element in
- S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ VT41/10
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶stīrē > þîr [stīrē] > [stīre] > [sθīre] > [θīre] > [θīr] ✧ VT41/10 Variations
- þîr ✧ VT41/10
sarn
noun. stone (as a material)
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sarn
noun. small stone
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
or
on
(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)
or
on
(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.
po
on
po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)
po
on
(lenited bo) (VT44:23)
gôn
stone
(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.
sarn
stone
1) (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).
sarn
stone
(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.
sarn
made of stone, stony
(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
nîf
face
1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
nîf
face
(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.
or
over
(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)
or
above
(adj. pref.) or- (over, high)
or
above
(prep.) or (om), with article erin ”above the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.
thar
over
(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)
thar
over
(across, athwart, beyond)
thîr
face
(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
ann
noun. gift
Cognates
- Q. anna “gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present” ✧ PE22/163
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶annā > ann [annā] > [anna] > [ann] ✧ PE17/090 Variations
- ann ✧ PE17/090
- anw ✧ PE22/163
anna-
verb. to give, †add to
Cognates
- Q. anta- “to give, present; †to add to” ✧ PE17/093; PE17/147
Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE17/146
- ✶antā- “to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, [ᴹ✶] present” ✧ PE17/093
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE22/163
Element in
- ᴺS. anneth “(act of) giving”
- S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/27
- ᴺS. dananna- “to give back, return [something]”
- ᴺS. edanna- “to publish, (lit.) out-give”
- ᴺS. istanna- “to teach, lecture, explain, (lit.) give knowledge”
- S. ón annin “*he gave (it) to me” ✧ PE17/147
- S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/117
- S. oneth “*giving”
- S. suilanna- “to greet, *give greeting”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ANA > antha- > anha- [anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anna-] ✧ PE17/091 ✶ānē- > ōn- [ānē] > [āne] > [ǭne] > [ōne] > [ōn] ✧ PE17/093 √ANA/NĀ > anta- [anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anta-] ✧ PE17/146 Variations
- anha- ✧ PE17/093
- anta- ✧ PE17/147
di
preposition. with
Changes
- di → di “with” ✧ PE17/095
Cognates
- Q. lé “with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)” ✧ PE17/095
Derivations
- ✶dē “with” ✧ PE17/095
Element in
- S. le nallon sí di’nguruthos “here overwhelmed in dread of Death I cry” ✧ PE17/095
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶dē > di [dē] > [dī] > [di] ✧ PE17/095 Variations
- di ✧ PE17/095 (di)
e
pronoun. he
Cognates
- ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”
Element in
- S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
illad
noun. everything
Element in
- ᴺS. illadui “general”
Elements
Word Gloss IL “all” nad “thing”
ilnad
pronoun. everything
Elements
Word Gloss il “*all” nad “thing”
anha-
verb. to give
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
e
he
(SD:128-31)
or
over
(above, high)
or
above
(over, high)
_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor