Quenya 

arin

morning

arin noun "morning" (AR1)

arinya

morning

arinya adj. "morning" in the adjectival sense (e.g. *arinya árë "morning sun") and hence "early" (AR1, VT45:6)

amaurëa

adjective. dawn, early day, morning

Quenya [MC/222; MC/223] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aurë

noun. day (as opposed to night), daylight, sunlight, morning, day (as opposed to night), daylight, morning; sunlight, [ᴱQ.] sunshine, gold light, warmth

Quenya [MC/222; MC/223; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/120; PE17/148; RC/727; S/190; S/195; SA/ur; VT49/45; WJ/166] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaurë Reconstructed

noun. dawn, early day, morning

cálë

light

cálë ("k")noun "light" (Markirya; in early "Qenya", cálë meant "morning", LT1:254)

cálë

noun. light

A noun for “light” appearing in the versions of the Markirya poem from the 1960s (MC/222-223).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kále “morning” was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44), and kāle was mentioned again Gnomish Lexicon Slips as a cognate of G. gaul “a light” (PE13/114). The form ᴱQ. kale “day” appeared in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, but was deleted (PE14/43). It might also be an element in ᴹQ. yúkale “twilight” (= “both lights”) from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAL).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the better attested Q. cala “light”.

Quenya [MC/222; MC/223] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ae

day

Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)

ala

day

[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]

ar

day

ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ), q.v.

cala

light

cala ("k")noun "light" (KAL). Concerning the "Qenya" verb cala-, see #cal- above.

cala

noun. light, light; [ᴱQ.] daytime (sunlight), 12 hours

This is the most common Quenya word for “light”, derived from the root √KAL of similar meaning (RGEO/62; PE17/84). It appears in numerous compounds, either in its full form or in a reduced form cal-.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. kala appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daytime (sunlight), 12 hours” and derived from the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44), but it had the sense “light” in the phrase ᴱQ. i·kal’antúlien “Light hath returned” (LT1/184), and it was given as the cognate of G. gala “light, daylight” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/37).

ᴹQ. kala “light” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine” (Ety/KAL). Somewhat curiously in that document its primitive form was given as ᴹ✶k’lā́ (EtyAC/KAL), a form that also appeared in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ1) from the 1930s (PE18/38). Tolkien may have used this variant form to explain N. glaw “radiance” (< ᴹ✶g’lā́), but in later writings S. glaw “sunshine” was derived from √LAW.

Quenya [PE17/084; PE17/143; RGEO/62; VT39/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

calina

light

calina ("k")adj. "light" (KAL), "bright" (VT42:32) "(literally illumined) sunny, light" (PE17:153) but apparently a noun "light" in coacalina, q.v.

day

noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short - in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).

árë

day

árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)

Noldorin 

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

Noldorin [Ety/349, S/439] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aur

noun. day, morning

Noldorin [Ety/AR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gal-

prefix. light

Noldorin [galvorn, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galad

noun. light

Noldorin [EtyAC/GAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ar-

prefix. day

Noldorin [Ety/AR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

calad

gerund noun. light

Noldorin [Ety/362, UT/65] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

noun. light

Noldorin [Ety/KAL; Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gail

noun. bright light

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glaur

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/368] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glor-

noun. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin)

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/368] Group: SINDICT. Published by

penninar

noun. last day of the year

Noldorin [Ety/400, X/Z] pant+în+aur. Group: SINDICT. Published by

Sindarin 

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

Sindarin [Ety/349, S/439] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aur

morning

aur (day), pl. oer;

aur

morning

(day), pl. oer;

amor

noun. morning, early day

@@@ from ✱ambaurē

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

calad

gerund noun. light

Sindarin [Ety/362, UT/65] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

noun. light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:84] < GAL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

Sindarin [aLotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galad

noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)

Sindarin [VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galad

light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:84] < GAL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+aearon. Group: SINDICT. Published by

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+anor. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+belain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+galadh. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+galadh, with quenya influenced dual ending. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+gil, with archaic genitive. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+ithil. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

Sindarin [LotR/D] aur+menel. Group: SINDICT. Published by

penninor

noun. last day of the year

Sindarin [Ety/400, X/Z] pant+în+aur. Group: SINDICT. Published by

calad

light

_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calad

light

(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

gail

light

(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

gail

light

(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)

glaur

golden light

(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).

glawar

sunlight

(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

lim

light

(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

minuial

morrowdim

(i vinuial) (dawn, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)

Primitive elvish

kalat

noun. light

Primitive elvish [PE18/087; PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Telerin 

cala

noun. light


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

kále

noun. morning

Early Quenya [LT1A/Galmir; PE13/114; QL/034; QL/044] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kala

noun. morning

kale

noun. day

Early Quenya [PE14/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. day

Early Quenya [PE16/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

arin

noun. morning

@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.

arinya

adjective. morning, early

Qenya [Ety/AR¹; EtyAC/AR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

are

noun. day

ala

noun. day

Qenya [EtyAC/GAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kala

noun. light

kalina

adjective. light

Middle Primitive Elvish

ar

root. day

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “day” with various derivatives like ᴹQ. are, N. aur “day” and ᴹQ. arin “morning” (Ety/AR¹). In Tolkien’s later writings, the Quenya word for “day” became aurë (RC/727; S/190), and in 1957 Quenya Notes he devised a new etymology for these day-words from the root √UR “heat” as in ✶auri “heat, period of sun” (PE17/148). That opens the question whether the various 1930s Quenya “morning” words from ᴹ√AR remain valid, but many Neo-Quenya writers (including me) retain them since there aren’t really any good alternatives. They might be salvageable as derivatives of the later root √AS “warmth” (so that “day” = “hot” and “morning” = “warm”).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ANA¹; Ety/AR¹; Ety/TUY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ari

noun. day

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AR¹; EtyAC/AR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gālæ

noun. light

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kalat

noun. light

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

k’lā

noun. light

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL; PE18/038; PE21/37] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

danuin

masculine name. Day

Gnomish [LT1/217; LT1/222; LT1A/Danuin; LT1I/Danuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dân

noun. day

gaul

noun. light

Early Noldorin

glaiw

noun. light

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ðana

root. day

A primitive form in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives meaning “day” (GL/38). There were a variety of different roots for “day” in later writings such ᴹ√AR or √UR.

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

gôl

noun. light

A (rejected?) Doriathrin noun for “light” derived from primitive ᴹ✶gālæ appearing in The Etymologies (Ety/KAL, EtyAC/KAL). According to Christopher Tolkien’s notes, it was part of a rejected etymology for the name Thingol, but it isn’t clear whether this noun was rejected or if it was just the etymology. Its long primitive vowel [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] as was the norm in Ilkorin.

Doriathrin [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Valarin 

ithīr

noun. light