ecca

hole

ecca ("k")noun "hole", apparently associated with Sindarin torech "secret hole, lair" (PE17:188)

assa

hole, perforation, opening, mouth

assa "hole, perforation, opening, mouth" (GAS)

latta

hole, pit

latta (1) noun "hole, pit" (DAT/DANT, VT45:8)

unquë

hole, hollow

unquë noun "hole, hollow" (VT46:20, UNUK), also name of tengwa #16 _(Appendix E; there spelt unque, while the Etymologies has unqe)_

unquë

noun. a hollow, hollow, [ᴹQ.] cavity, hole

Element in

• ᴺQ. helmunquë “wrinkle, (lit.) skin-hollow”

Variations

• unque ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/104

ecca

noun. hole, *lair

@@@ suggested by Helge Fauskanger from the (?primitive) form ekka (QQ/ecca), second gloss “lair” suggested by Damien Bador

Derivations

• ✶ekka “hole”

Túna

hill, mound

Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".

ambo

hill, rising ground

ambo noun "hill, rising ground" (Markirya, PE17:92), "mount" (PE17:157), allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills") According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note.

ambona

noun. hill

amun

hill

amun (amund-) noun "hill" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya ambo)

náva

adjective. hollow

Derivations

• ✶nābā “hollow” ✧ WJ/414

Element in

• Q. Návarot “Hollowbold” ✧ WJ/389
• Q. Návatar “*Dwarf-father”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶nābā > Náva	[nābā] > [nāβā] > [nāβa] > [nāva]	✧ WJ/414

Variations

• Náva ✧ WJ/389 (Náva)

ronta

hollow

ronta adj.? noun? "hollow" (also rotwa) (LT2:347. In Tolkien's later Quenya, the preferred words for "hollow" are unqua adj. and unquë noun.)

rotwa

hollow

rotwa adj.? noun? "hollow" (also ronta) (LT2:347. In Tolkien's later Quenya, the preferred words for "hollow" are unqua adj. and unquë noun.)

tundo

hill, mound

tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)

umbo

hill, lump, clump, mass

umbo, umbon noun "hill, lump, clump, mass" (PE17:93)

unqua

hollow

unqua ("q")adj. "hollow" (UNUK)

unque

noun. cavity

dath

hole

1) dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)

dath

hole

(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

gass

hole

(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

torech

hole

torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

torech

hole

(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

coll

adjective. hollow

coll

adjective. hollow

Derivations

• ✶kuldā “hollow” ✧ WJ/414

Element in

• S. Bar-goll “Hollow Dwelling” ✧ WJ/414

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kuldā > coll	[kuldā] > [kulda] > [kulða] > [kolða] > [kolð] > [koll]	✧ WJ/414

Variations

• coll ✧ WJ/414

naw

adjective. hollow

Derivations

• ✶nābā “hollow” ✧ WJ/414

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶nābā > nauv > naw	[nābā] > [nāba] > [nǭba] > [nǭva] > [nauva] > [nauv] > [nau]	✧ WJ/414

raudh

adjective. hollow, cavernous

amon

hill

1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

coll

hollow

(lenited goll; pl. cyll). (WJ:414) Note: homophones mean "red, scarlet" and also "cloak".

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

naw

hollow

(adj.) 1) *naw (attested in the form nov- as part of the name Novrod, Hollowbold), pl. noe. (WJ:414) Note: a homophone is the noun ”idea”. 2) coll (lenited goll; pl. cyll). (WJ:414) Note: homophones mean "red, scarlet" and also "cloak". 3) raudh (cavernous), pl. roedh

naw

hollow

(attested in the form nov- as part of the name Novrod, Hollowbold), pl. noe. (WJ:414) Note: a homophone is the noun ”idea”.

raudh

hollow

(cavernous), pl. roedh

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

ekka

noun. hole

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. ecca “hole, *lair”

Element in

• S. torech “lair, (secret) hole, excavation” ✧ PE17/188

ambō

noun. hill

Derivations

• √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”

Derivatives

• Q. ambo “hill, rising ground, mount” ✧ PE17/092

kuldā

adjective. hollow

Derivatives

• S. coll “hollow” ✧ WJ/414

nābā

noun. hollow

Derivatives

• Q. náva “hollow” ✧ WJ/414
• S. naw “hollow” ✧ WJ/414
• north S. nôf “hollow” ✧ WJ/414

Element in

• ✶nāba-grota ✧ WJ/414

dath

noun. hole, pit; steep fall, abyss

Cognates

• ᴹQ. latta “hole, pit” ✧ Ety/DAT; EtyAC/DAT

Derivations

• ᴹ✶dattā “hole, pit” ✧ Ety/DAT; EtyAC/DAT
  • ᴹ√DAT “fall down” ✧ Ety/DAT; EtyAC/DAT

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶dattā > dath	[dattā] > [datta] > [dattʰa] > [daθθa] > [daθθ] > [daθ]	✧ Ety/DAT

gas

noun. hole, gap

Cognates

• ᴹQ. assa “hole, perforation, opening, mouth” ✧ Ety/GAS

Derivations

• ᴹ✶gassā “hole, gap” ✧ Ety/GAS
  • ᴹ√GAS “yawn, gape” ✧ Ety/GAS

Element in

• S. Mengas Dûr “?Dark Gap in the Way”
• N. gasdil “stopgap” ✧ Ety/GAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶gassā > gas	[gassā] > [gassa] > [gass]	✧ Ety/GAS

terch

noun. lair, hole

Element in

• N. Terch Ungol “Spider’s Hole, Spider’s Lair” ✧ WR/202

Variations

• Terch ✧ WR/202

dath

noun. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss

gas

noun. hole, gap

ters

noun. (fine pierced) hole

tess

noun. (fine pierced) hole

torech

noun. hole, excavation, lair

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

noun. hill

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ambo “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²

Derivations

• ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

• N. Amon Thorn
• N. Amon Ereb “Lonely Hill”
• N. Amon Gwareth “Hill of Watch”
• N. Amon Hen
• N. Amon Lhaw
• N. Amon Uilos
• N. Emyn Arnen
• N. Haramon
• N. Emyn Rhain “Border Hills” ✧ TI/313
• N. Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain”
• N. Methen Amon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AM² > amon	[ambon] > [ambon] > [ammon] > [amon]	✧ Ety/AM²
ᴹ√AM² > emuin > emyn	[amboni] > [ambuni] > [embyni] > [embyn] > [embyn] > [emmyn] > [emyn]	✧ Ety/AM²

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

mindon

noun. tower

rhaudh

adjective. hollow, cavernous

rosta-

verb. to hollow out, excavate

tund

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

N. tunn “hill, mound” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√TUN (Ety/TUN). Tolkien’s continued use of Q. Túna for the name of a hill in Valinor implies the ongoing validity of its root, so perhaps this word remained valid as well.

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱN. tûn “mound, bare hill” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/154). G. tûn also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but there it was unglossed and had no obvious cognates, so it is not clear what Tolkien intended it to mean (GL/72).

Neo-Sindarin: In keeping with the rule whereby nd was retained “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), I’d represent this form as ᴺS. tund in Neo-Sindarin.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tundo “hill, mound, hill, mound [isolated]” ✧ Ety/TUN

Derivations

• ᴹ√TUN “*tall; mound” ✧ Ety/MINI
• ᴹ✶tundu “hill, mound” ✧ Ety/TUN
  • ᴹ√TUN “*tall; mound” ✧ Ety/TUN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tundu > tund > tunn	[tundu] > [tundo] > [tundo] > [tund] > [tunn]	✧ Ety/TUN