Primitive elvish

ent

adverb. over there

Primitive elvish [PE21/78] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rem

root. entangle, snare, trap

A root appearing with forms √REB and √REM in notes from 1969 (VT42/12), first appearing as √REB alone (VT42/29 note #28). It was glossed “entangle, snare, trap (as hunters or fishers) with lines or nets” and had derivatives like Q. remi “snare”, Q. rembë/S. rem(m) “net (for catching)”, and Q. rembina/S. remmen “entangled”. The last of these appeared as an element in a couple words in The Lord of the Rings: S. galadhremmin “tree-meshed” or “tree-woven” (LotR/238, 1115; PE17/136) and S. Remmirath “Netted Stars” or “Netted Jewels” (LotR/81; PE17/24). Most of this root’s derivatives are from strengthened remb-, but the forms Q. remi and Q. remma “snare” can only be derived from √REM (VT42/12).

Primitive elvish [VT42/12; VT42/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by

reb

root. entangle, snare, trap

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

Primitive elvish [PE19/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

Primitive elvish [PE22/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il

root. all

A root meaning “all” in Tolkien’s writings from the 1930s through 1960s (VT48/25) with derivatives in both Quenya and Sindarin, the most notable being Q. Ilúvatar “All-father” (MR/39). Its earliest precursor is the root ᴱ√ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, whose derivatives include various sky-words as well as ᴱQ. Ilúvatar, since in this early period the name meant “Heavenly Father” (QL/42). The meaning of the root shifted to ᴹ√IL “all” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/IL), and it retained this sense thereafter.

Primitive elvish [VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

Primitive elvish [PE19/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nanmen-

verb. return

Primitive elvish [PE17/166] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

Primitive elvish [PE18/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

Primitive elvish [PE22/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

te

pronoun. they

Primitive elvish [VT48/24; VT48/25; VT49/17; VT49/21; VT49/37; VT49/50; VT49/52] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tul-

verb. come, is coming, has come, is here

Primitive elvish [PE22/129; PE22/130; PE22/131; PE22/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

ent

pronoun. they, 3rd pl. pronoun

onod

noun. Ent

The Sindarin word for “Ent” (Let/224), appearing its plural forms Onodrim and Enyd in Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1130).

Conceptual Development: The earliest name of the “Entwash” in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s was N. Ogodrûth, indicating a previous form of this word: N. Ogod (TI/250).

Sindarin [Let/178; Let/224; LotR/1130; LotRI/Ents; LotRI/Onodrim; PE17/083; RC/757; UT/318; UTI/Enyd; UTI/Onodrim] Group: Eldamo. Published by

onod

Ent

pl1. enyd, pl2. onodrim _ n. _Ent.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:83] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

onod

noun. Ent

Sindarin [LotR/F, Letters/224] Group: SINDICT. Published by

onodló

place name. Entwash

Sindarin name of the Entwash (UT/318), also appearing as Onodiōl in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/334). This name appears to be a combination of Onod “Ent” and l(h)ô “flood”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Ogodrûth (TI/250), apparently using an earlier name Ogod for “Ent”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.35).

Sindarin [RC/334; UT/318; UTI/Enyd; UTI/Onodló] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Onodló

noun. entwash

onod (“ent”) + lô (“shallow lake, fenland”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

remmen

adjective. entangled, meshed, netted, woven

Sindarin [PE17/026; VT42/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minno

verb. enter! (lit. to the inside!)

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV] Group: SINDICT. Published by

enedh

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core

@@@ Tolkien vacillated between enedh (< √ENED) and ened (perhaps < √ENET) in his later writings. In HSD/ened, it is suggested that ened is the likely “final” form based on Enedwaith as it appears in The Lord of the Rings and as discussed on Let/224. I prefer enedh for better compatibility with its Quenya cognate endë as in Q. enderi “middle-days” (LotR/1108, endë + “day”). If the Sindarin form were ened < √ENET, the corresponding Quenya form would instead be entë. Furthermore, in a general discussion of the uses of dh on VT42/20, Tolkien states that “Enedhwaith is misspelt”, possibly meaning that the normal spelling (Enedwaith) is not strictly correct.

Sindarin [UT/264; VT41/16; VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raew

noun. net

Sindarin [PE22/159; VT42/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raef

noun. net

Sindarin [VT/42:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raef

noun. net

raew

noun. net

Sindarin [VT/42:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

enaid

adjective. central, middle

minna-

verb. to go in, enter

Sindarin [LotR/0305; PE17/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pân

adjective. all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole

@@@ extended meaning suggested on Discord 2022-03-11

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ened

noun. centre

minna-

verb. to enter

Sindarin Group: SINDICT. Published by

onodrim

noun. the Ents, as a race

Sindarin [Letters/224, TC/165] onod+rim. Group: SINDICT. Published by

onod

ent

Onod (pl. Enyd, coll. pl. Onodrim) (Names:165, Letters:178)

onod

ent

(pl. Enyd, coll. pl. Onodrim) (Names:165, Letters:178)

irdh

noun. entrails, bowels, innards

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

nethias

noun. entertainment

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

gonathra

entangle

gonathra- (enmesh) (i **onathra, i ngonathrar** = i ñonathrar)

gonathra

entangle

(enmesh) (i ’onathra, i ngonathrar = i ñonathrar)

gonathras

entanglement

gonathras (i **onathras), pl. genethrais (i ngenethrais** = i ñenethrais)

gonathras

entanglement

(i ’onathras), pl. genethrais (i ngenethrais = i ñenethrais)

minna

enter

1) minna- (i vinna, i minnar), 2) neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)

minna

enter

(i vinna, i minnar)

neledh

enter

(i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)

gwî

net

1) gwî (i **) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî), 2) raef, no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity. 3) rem (mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath**. Verb

gwî

net

(i ’wî) (web), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwî)

raef

net

no distinct pl. form except with article (idh raef), coll. pl. raevath. Note: raef has a side-form raew, but since this also means ”fathom”, raef may be preferred for clarity.

rem

net

(mesh), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath. Verb

moltha-

verb. "to enslave, enthrall"

Sindarin [Parf Edhellen entrie(s): MŌ; mōl; mûl] Group: Neologism. Published by

enaidh

adjective. central, middle

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

nethia-

verb. to entertain, (orig.) to make welcome

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

enedh

center

1) enedh (core, middle), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, core), pl. nist

enedh

center

(core, middle), pl. enidh

nest

center

(heart, core), pl. nist

minna-

verb. go in

_ v. _go in, enter. >> minno

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:41] < MI in. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

Onodló

Onodló

The name's elements come from Onod "Ent" and "stream".

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

neledh

go in

neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

neledh

go in

(i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

tol

come

tol- (i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254). MAKE COME, see FETCH

tol

come

(i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254).

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lond

noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [N.] narrow path, strait, pass

Sindarin [SA/londë; UT/255; UT/264; VT42/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maud

?. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ened

adverb. moreover

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

dadwen

verb. return

_v. _return, going/coming back. Q. nanwen-. >> damen

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:166] < NDĀ( enlarged, NDANA, NDATA, _etc_. 'back (again)' + ?. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

damen

verb. return

_ v. _return. Q. nanwen-. >> dan-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:166] < NDAN + ?. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ennas

adverb. there, in that place

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennas

adverb. there

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

est

pronoun. they, 3rd pl. pronoun

idi(r)

pronoun. they, 3rd pl. pronoun

ith

pronoun. they, 3rd pl. pronoun

noun. gulf

Sindarin [Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noun. abyss, void

Sindarin [Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [N.] pass

madu

?. [unglossed]

pân

adjective. all, in totality

As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în.1 , hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

Sindarin [mhellyn în phain SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tolo

verb. come!

Sindarin [VT/44:21,25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

and

gate

!and (door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".

and

gate

(door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".

annon

great gate

(door), pl. *ennyn***

bâd

pathway

(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).

ennas

there

ennas (SD:128-31)

ennas

there

(SD:128-31)

Speculative

noun. path

hîn

they

(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hîn

they

. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

iaw

gulf

(cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

imrad

path

(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.

imrad

path

(pass), pl. imraid.

inc

notion

inc (guess, idea), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite)

inc

notion

(guess, idea), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite)

gulf

1) (chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383), 2) iaw (cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

gulf

(chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

neleb

cardinal. thirteen

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ordolel

noun. tomorrow

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

pada

walk

(i bada, i phadar)

paenel

cardinal. thirteen

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

pân

all

(adj.) *pân, pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

pân

all

pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

raen

netted

(enlaced). No distinct pl. form. (VT42:12)

remmen

netted

(tangled, woven), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)

râd

path

râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

râd

path

(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

tass

1,D adverb. then, there

A Quenya-influenced neologism meaning "there, then, in that (place/time)", from Q. tassë.

Sindarin [Etymologies, PE17, PE22, VT49] Group: Neologism. Published by

Quenya 

entya

central, middle

entya, enetya adj. "central, middle" (VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective #endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and #endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v.)

entë

center

entë (2) noun "center" (VT41:16; endë is perhaps to be preferred, see entya)

entya

adjective. central, middle

entë

noun. centre

entë

moreover, further, furthermore, what is more

entë (1) conj. "moreover, further, furthermore, what is more" (VT47:15, VT48:14). Compare yunquentë as a variant of yunquenta, q.v.

entulessë

proper name. Return

The name of the Númerórean ship that was the first to return to Middle-earth, six centuries after Númenor was settled (UT/171). It is the noun entulessë “return” used as a name.

Quenya [UT/171; UTI/Entulessë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Entar

thither lands, middle-earth, outer lands, east

Entar place-name "Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East" (seen from Aman) (EN)

Entarda

thither lands, middle-earth, outer lands, east

Entarda place-name "Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East" (seen from Aman) (EN, VT45:12)

enta

that yonder

enta demonstrative "that yonder" (EN). In VT47:15, enta is defined as "another, one more" (but it may seem that Tolkien also considered the word exë for this meaning).

ento

next

ento adv. "next" (Arct)

entulessë

return

entulessë noun "return" (UT:171)

enta

adjective. another, one more, another, one more; [ᴹQ.] that yonder, then (fut.); [ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)

Quenya [VT41/16; VT47/15; VT47/40] Group: Eldamo. Published by

entan

noun. tomorrow

entul-

verb. to come again, *return

entulessë

noun. return

entë

adverb. moreover, further(more), what is more, moreover, further(more), what is more; *next (of time or in a sequence)

Quenya [VT47/15; VT47/16] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en

there, look! yon (yonder)

en (1) interjection "there, look! yon (yonder)" (EN, VT45:12)

enta

adverb. then (future)

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

yunquenta

cardinal. thirteen

yunquenta cardinal "thirteen" (12 and one more) (VT47:15), variant yunquentë (VT47:40), compare entë #1.

yunquentë

cardinal. thirteen

Quenya [VT47/15; VT47/40] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yunquenta

cardinal. thirteen

hir

entrails, bowels

hir (hird-), pl. hirdi, noun "entrails, bowels" (PE13:161)

rembina

entangled

rembina adj. "entangled" (VT42:12); aldarembina pl. aldarembinë "tree-tangled", Quenya equivalent of Sindarin galadhremmin(PE17:26)

rembina

adjective. entangled, meshed, netted, woven

Quenya [PE17/026; VT42/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enetya

enetya

enetya, see entya

ando

noun. gate, [great] door; †entrances, approaches

A word for “gate”, the Quenya name of tengwa #5 [2] in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E (LotR/1122).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. pondo “gate” under the early root {ᴱ√PONO >>} ᴱ√BOÐO (QL/75). He also had an element ᴱQ. tarnon in the name ᴱQ. Moritarnon “Door of Night” (LT1/215), which in Gnomish was G. Tarn Fui making ᴱQ. tarnon the cognate of G. tarn “gate” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/69).

ᴱQ. ando first appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as a variant of ᴱQ. andon, both cognates to ᴱN. ann “door” (PE13/160). It reappeared in cosmological notes from the early 1930s as an element in the updated name ᴹQ. Ando Lómen “Door of (Timeless) Night” (SM/237, 241), and in a glossary for these notes, ᴹQ. ando was glossed “door, gate”.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. ando “gate” was derived from primitive ᴹ✶adnō under the root ᴹ√AD “entrance, gate” (Ety/AD). Tolkien gave it as the name for tengwa #5 in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s (PE22/22) and 1940s (PE22/50). In notes from December 1959 (D59) he gave it a new derivation:

> The words for “door, gate”, [ancient Sindarin] annō, annon(d)- are derivatives of √ANA “to” and mean originally “entrances, approaches”. Cf. Q ando. Quite distinct is ANAD- “long”, Q andā, S ann/and rare except in old words or names as anduin, Q anduine (PE17/40).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would assume the word applied to any protected entrance, generally used of gates but also applicable to a strong door, though a particularly large and strong entrance would use its augmented form: [ᴹQ.] andon(d-) “great gate” (Ety/AD).

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/040; PE17/123; UT/304] Group: Eldamo. Published by

remba-

net, entrap

remba- vb. "net, entrap" (VT42:12)

tólë

centre

tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)

raima

noun. net

Quenya [PE22/159; VT42/12; VT42/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raima

net

raima noun "net" (VT42:12)

endë

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core

Quenya [VT41/12; VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

londë

noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [ᴹQ.] road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf

Quenya [SA/londë; UT/176; VT42/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mittar(ë)

noun. *entering

Quenya [PMCH/01; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

remba-

verb. to net, entrap

hirdë

noun. entrails, bowels

A neologism for “entrails, bowels” based on the early primitive word ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ from Early Noldorin Word Lists of the 1920s (PE13/144, 161).

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

molta-

 verb. "to enslave, enthrall"

Quenya [Parf Edhellen entrie(s): MŌ; mōl; mól] Group: Neologism. Published by

lia-

verb. to entwine

qua(na)

all, complete, entire, full, the whole

@@@ from Discord 2022-03-11

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

omolmë

noun. company, business, enterprise, firm

@@@ by Röandil on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-10, < PE ✱wo-mól(o)mē

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

-ntë

they

-ntë "they", pronomimal ending, inflexion of 3rd person plural when no subject is previously mentioned (CO; see also VT49:49). This ending competes with -ltë (q.v.) in Tolkiens conception (VT49:57; for "they do", both carintë and cariltë are attested, VT49:16 vs. 17). The corresponding pronominal possessive suffix appears as -ntya or -nta in various sources.

Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor

forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack deepvalleyforested gloomyland

Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor "Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland", Quenya elements agglutinated in Entish fashion; this supposedly means something like "there is a black shadow in the deep dales of the forest" (LotR2:III ch. 4; translated in Appendix F under "Ents"; cf. also Letters:308) Earlier (TLT) version in TI:415: Tauretavárëa Tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa landatavárë, perhaps *"forest-wooden deepvalleyblack deepvalleyforested wide-wood."

ando

gate

ando (1) noun "gate", also name of tengwa #5 (AD, Appendix E). A deleted entry in the Etymologies gave Ando Lómen, evidently "Door of Night" (VT45:28; notice "Qenya" genitive in -n rather than -o as in LotR-style Quenya)

en-

verb. again-

en- (4) prefix "again-", "re-" (PE17:68), in enquantuva "shall refill", entuluva, "shall come again", Envinyatar "Renewer", envinyanta "healed, *renewed", enyalië "to recall" (Nam, RGEO:67, LotR3:V ch. 8, VT41:16, MR:405, UT:317; as for the etymology of en-, see comments on Common Eldarin base EN "again, once more" in VT48:25)

illi

all

illi noun "all" (as independent noun, apparently treated as a plural form). Imb' illi "among all" (VT47:30)

ilya

all

ilya adj. and noun "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë mahalmar "all thrones" (CO), ilya raxellor "from all dangers" (VT44:9; we might expect *ilyë raxellor here), ilyárëa (older ilyázëa) "daily, of every day" (evidently ilya "every" + árë, ázë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18). Tolkien apparently abandoned ilyárëa in favour of ilaurëa, q.v.

londë

land-locked haven

londë noun "land-locked haven" (cf. #lóndië "harbourage"), "gulf" (TI:423). In Alqualondë "Swan-haven" (SA), "Haven of Swan" (VT45:28), Hirilondë ship-name "Haven-finder" (UT:192). In the Etymologies, londë is glossed "road (in sea), entrance to harbour" (LOD) and also "fairway" (VT45:28), i.e. a navigable channel for ships. In VT42:10, where the stem is given as LON rather than LOD, the gloss is simply "haven".

nanwen-

return

nanwen- vb. "return" (go/come back) (PE17:166). The etymological form nan-men- indicates that the second element is #men- "go", changed to -wen- following nan- "back"; hence the perfect should perhaps be *naneménië.

nelequë

cardinal. thirteen

?nelequë ("kw") cardinal "thirteen" (VT48:21). The spelling "nelekwe" occurring in the primary source could suggest that this is really a Common Eldarin form; if so, one could theorize that the Quenya form would be *nelquë with syncope of the middle vowel (the same source lists "minikwe" as a word for 11, and the Quenya form is known to be minque). Compare nelquëa*. On the other hand, "tolokwe" as a word for 18 is listed together with definite Quenya forms and is apparently an unorthodox spelling of toloquë** (as observed by the editor); here no syncope producing *tolquë occurs. Thus toloquë could support ?nelequë as the Quenya word (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13).

nelquëa

cardinal. thirteen

nelquëa, cardinal "thirteen" (?) (VT48:21). This looks like an odd form next to other cardinals that simply end in -quë (like lepenquë, enenquë, otoquë = 15, 16, 17), and the form "nelekwe" also listed may indicate another Quenya form nelequë (q.v.) or *nelquë (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13). By another theory, nelquëa* is the ordinal "thirteenth", corresponding to the cardinal nel(e)quë**.

quainel

cardinal. thirteen

quainel, cardinal "thirteen" (but yunquentë may be preferred) (VT48:21)

san

then

san (1) adv. "then" (MC:216; also twice in Narqelion), a "Qenya" term apparently replaced by in Tolkiens later conception. In his later Quenya, san would be the dative form of sa "it", hence "for it; to it".

ta

they, them

ta (3) pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things (such as inanimates) not by the Eldar regarded as persons" (VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52). Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir ta** "we forgive them" (VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers). However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean "that" (see #1 above), he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta "they, them", introducing variant forms like tai (VT49:32) to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te (VT49:33), which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate "they, them" was abandoned and the form te (q.v.) could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form (VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó**-).

ta

there

ta (5) adv. "there" (VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or "element" rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta #1).

ta

then

ta (4) conj., said to be a reducted form of "then", used "before each new item in a series or list"; "if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item [e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet], this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important". (PE17:70) Hence the use of arta (ar ta, "and ta") for "et cetera"; in older language ta ta or just ta.

te

they, them

te pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl. (VT49:51, LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308). The pronoun te represents an original stem-form (VT49:50). Dative ten, téna or tien "for them, to them" (q.v.) Stressed (VT49:51). Ótë "with them", q.v. VT43:20 connects te "them" with a discussion of Common Eldarin pronominal stems (ca. 1940s), where te is the "personal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring to persons rather than abstracts or inanimates (which are denoted by ta instead; see, however, the entry ta #3 regarding the problems with this form, and the hints that te may possibly be used with reference to inanimates as well)). Also consider the reflexive pronoun intë "themselves", the final element of which is apparently this pronoun te; see also for the dual form.

tul-

come

tul- vb. "come" (WJ:368), 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" (TUL), 3rd pers. sg. tulis "(s)he comes" (VT49:19), perfect utúlië "has come" (utúlien "I am come", EO), utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" (the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come"). Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva* "may thy kingdom come" (VT44:32/34), literally apparently "thy kingdom, be-it-that (it) will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" (LT1:114, 270, VT49:57) and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"(LT1:114, 270). Read probably utúlieltë, Eldar utúlier** in LotR-style Quenya.

they, them

pron. "they, them", 3rd person dual ("the two of them"), both "personal and neuter" (the pronoun can be used of persons and things alike). (VT49:51) Tolkien also considered tet for the same meaning, listing it alongside in one source (VT49:56), but this form was apparently abandoned.

-ltë

suffix. they

Quenya [PE17/075; PE17/190; VT49/16; VT49/17; VT49/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

cairë

?. [unglossed]

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

háro

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

naue

?. [unglossed]

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

adverb. then

Quenya [VT49/11; VT49/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

éna

?. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

-lto

they

-lto, "Qenya" pronominal ending "they"; see -ltë

-ltë

they

-ltë, 3rd person pl. pronominal suffix, "they" (VT49:51; cariltë "they do", VT49:16, 17). It alternates with -ntë in Tolkiens manuscripts (VT49:17, 57). In his early material, the ending also appears as -lto, occurring in Fíriel's Song (meldielto "they are beloved" and cárielto "they made"), also in LT1:114: tulielto "they have come" (cf. VT49:57). Compare -lta, -ltya as the ending for "their".

-ntë

suffix. they

Quenya [PE17/057; PE17/190; UT/317; VT49/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ttë

they

-ttë (1) "they", dual 3rd person pronominal ending ("the two of them") (VT49:51), replacing (also within the legendarium) the older ending -stë (which was later used for the second person only). This older ending -stë corresponds to a possessive ending -sta "their" (VT49:16), but this was presumably likewise altered to *-tta as the new ending for dual "their" = "of the two of them".

enar

adverb. tomorrow

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

enwa

tomorrow

enwa adv. "tomorrow" (QL:34)

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Quenya [PMCH/02; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

illi

noun. all

ilyë

adjective. all

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

londa

path

[londa noun "path"], changed by Tolkien to londë noun "road (in sea)" (VT45:28)

maitya

?. [unglossed]

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

raita

verb. to net

Quenya [PE 22:159] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

sanomë

there

sanomë adv. "there" (PE17:71). Cf. sinomë, tanomë.

sanomë

adverb. there

tai

they, them

tai (2) pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things (VT49:32, see ta #3 above). Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai "that which", the pronoun tai "they, them" was altered to te in at least one manuscript (VT49:33), so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned (see te).

tai

then

tai (3) adv. "then", also (which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well) (VT49:33)

tai

1lE adverb. then

tasse

there

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tassë

there

tassë adv. "there" (VT49:11), short form tás. These seem to be properly locative forms of ta "that, it", hence "in that [place]". Compare allative tanna "thither" and ablative talo "thence".

tassë

adverb. there

Quenya [PE22/155; VT49/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tier

path

tier is, besides the pl. form of tië "path" above, an ephemeral word for "so", abandoned by Tolkien in favour of tambë (VT43:17)

tië

path, course, line, direction, way

tië noun "path, course, line, direction, way" (TE3, VT47:11); pl. tier in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya-nna "path-your-upon")

toi

they

toi pron. "they" (FS; replaced by te in LotR-style Quenya?)

tul-

verb. come

Quenya [PE 22:99ff,103,118,122; PE 22:162] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

then

1) adv. "then" (VT49:11). Cf. ta #4.

tás

there

tás adv. "there" (VT49:11); also tassë, q.v.

tás

adverb. there

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

enar

noun. tomorrow

Noldorin 

ogodrûth

place name. Entwash

Noldorin [TI/250; TII/Ogodrûth] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gonathras

noun. entanglement

Noldorin [Ety/375] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gonathras

noun. entanglement

lhonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

neledh-

verb. to enter

Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in"

Noldorin [TAI/150, HL/77] OS *ne- + ledi- "to go into". Group: SINDICT. Published by

gonathra-

verb. to entangle, enmesh

minna-

verb. to enter

Noldorin [EtyAC/MI; TI/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gonathra-

verb. to entangle, enmesh

Noldorin [Ety/375] Group: SINDICT. Published by

neledh-

verb. *to go in, enter

nen fimred

place name. Hoardale, Wolfdale, Entishdale

Noldorin [TI/010; TII/Nen fimred] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ogod Reconstructed

noun. Ent

ethrenn

place name. Outer Lands, East

A rejected Noldorin name for Middle-earth appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin equivalent of ᴹQ. Entarda with the meaning “Outer Lands” (EtyAC/EN). It developed from a primitive form ᴹ✶Ēntrende, where [[on|[t] became a spirant after the [n]]], and later the [[n|[n] vanished before the spirantal cluster]].

Noldorin [EtyAC/EN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ia

noun. gulf

Noldorin [Ety/YAG; RS/437] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nith

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

níth

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

borth

?. [unglossed]

gwî

noun. net, web

Noldorin [Ety/398] Group: SINDICT. Published by

râd

noun. path, track

Noldorin [Ety/383] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tol-

verb. to come

Noldorin [Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

clei

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

coen

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

diragas

?. [unglossed]

ia

noun. gulf

Noldorin [Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ia

noun. abyss, void

Noldorin [Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhonn

noun. narrow path or strait

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. path

mauth

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

menwed

?. [unglossed]

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

porennin

?. [unglossed]

telwen

?. [unglossed]

Adûnaic

katha

adjective. all

A word translated “all” in the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/288, VT24/12). This word appeared in the form kâtha in the final typescript version of the Lament (SD/247), but in all other instances appeared as katha. If the final typescript is later than the final manuscript, kâtha may be its final form, but I believe that the manuscript was later, and katha better matches its appearance as an element in kathuphazgân “conqueror” (SD/429). This last example is interesting in that it is an example of an adjective declined into the objective case.

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/288; SD/312; SD/429; VT24/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

asdi

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).

sapda

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

ent

noun. notion, plan, idea

Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enta

pronoun. that there (emphatic)

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ento

adverb. next

Early Quenya [LFC/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

entan

adverb. then

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

makse

noun. net

Early Quenya [QL/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lia-

verb. to entwine

Early Quenya [QL/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mekta

adjective. centre

Early Quenya [QL/047; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

metl

noun. centre

Early Quenya [PME/060; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mitta-

verb. to enter

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tóle

noun. centre

Early Quenya [LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mekilwa

adjective. central

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tóle

adjective. central, middle

tólea

adjective. central, middle

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

akta

noun. notion

Early Quenya [QL/029] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en-

verb. to be called

Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enke

pronoun. that by you (emphatic)

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enwa

noun. tomorrow

Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nelkea

cardinal. thirteen

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nond(in)a

adjective. tomorrow

Early Quenya [QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nuo

noun. tomorrow

Early Quenya [QL/034; QL/066; QL/067] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pondo

noun. gate

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toron

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enken

adverb. then

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kie

noun. path

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

non(n)o

noun. tomorrow

nua(n)

noun. tomorrow

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyen

adverb. then

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yu

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ent

adverb. over there

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/57] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ad

root. entrance, gate

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “gate, entrance” (Ety/AD) that seems to have replaced ᴱ√BOÐO (QL/75) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s. Its two main derivatives are ᴹQ. ando and N. annon “(great) gate, door”. These words in turn were transferred in 1959 to the root √ANA “to, towards”, from the original “approach, entrance” (PE17/40). Thus it seems Tolkien abandoned this root, perhaps because he wished to use it instead for √AD(A) “alongside, by the side of”, one of the etymologies Tolkien considered for the Eldarin words for “and” (PE17/71).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

snew

root. entangle

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “entangle” with derivatives ᴹQ. neuma “snare” and { >>} N. hniof/hnuif “noose, snare” (Ety/SNEW).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SNEW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

slig

root. *entwine, thread; spider

An unglossed root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, with derivatives like ᴹQ. lia/N. thlê “fine thread, spider filament” and ᴹQ. líne/N. thling “cobweb, [N.] spider” (Ety/SLIG). It is probably a later iteration of the primitive form ᴱ√LI+ya “unite many as one” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. lia “twine” and ᴱQ. liante “tendril” (QL/53), with analogous forms G. lind “twine” and G. -liont in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/54). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, it is probably best to assume this root is associated with collections of thread rather than directly with spiders, since in later writings spider words were based on √ungu- (PE22/160).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/DOƷ; Ety/SLIG; Ety/UÑG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(e)ned

root. centre, middle

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÉNED; Ety/NDOR; Ety/NÉD; Ety/YEN; EtyAC/ÉNED; EtyAC/NĒ̆] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adnō

noun. gate

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il

root. all

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/IL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bay

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/WAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/IW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khe

pronoun. they

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/PHAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stin

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/STIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tul-

verb. come, am coming, have come, am arrived, am here

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/095; PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/URUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/US] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yagō

noun. gulf

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YAG; RS/437] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ēntrende

place name. Outer Lands, East

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/EN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Edain

enthor

masculine name. Enthor

Qenya 

entu

pronoun. entu

entarda

place name. Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East

A name for the lands of the East in The Etymologies from the 1930s, also appearing as Entar (Ety/EN). It is apparently a compound of enta “that yonder” and arda “region”. Oddly, it was also glossed “Middle-earth”, though The Etymologies had plenty of other names with that meaning.

en

there, yonder, far away; look yon(der); that; in that (future) case

@@@ es might be an assimilated form as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/es)

Qenya [Ety/EN; Ety/YA; EtyAC/EN; LR/072; PE22/011; PE22/100; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/122; PE22/125; SD/057; SD/290; VT36/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enta

that yonder, then (fut.)

Qenya [Ety/EN; PE22/124; VT36/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

entare

proper name. Year’s beginning

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

londe

noun. road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf

Qenya [Ety/LOD; EtyAC/LOD; TI/423] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

enar

noun. tomorrow

engwa

?. [unglossed]

esta-

verb. to name

Qenya [Ety/ES; EtyAC/ES; PE22/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Qenya [EtyAC/KHYEL(ES)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/046; PE19/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

rampa

?. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

he

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/115; PE22/118; PE22/123; PE22/127] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intin

pronoun. they

@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: j-teuber.github.io

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/042; PE22/014; PE22/020] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

qáqi

adverb. all

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tasse

adverb. there

Qenya [PE22/100; PE22/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toi

pronoun. they

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. path

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

Gnomish

entha

adverb. there by you, thither

entha-

verb. to name, call, indicate, point out

gwîs

noun. entertainment

gwest

noun. entertainment

gwith

noun. net

gwinn

noun. net

gwesta-

verb. to entertain

sectha

noun/adjective. centre

ant

noun. cheek; face

Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

ath

pronoun. they, 3rd pl. pronoun

atha

pronoun. they, 3rd pl. pronoun

bad

noun. path

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

dôn

?. [unglossed]

enu-

verb. to be called, be named

enwa-

verb. to be called, be named

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

pad

noun. [unglossed]

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

noun. [unglossed]

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

tarn

noun. gate

Gnomish [GL/69; LT1A/Moritarnon; LT2A/Taruithorn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin

girdh

noun. entrails, bowels, inwards

A word appearing as ᴱN. girdh in Early Noldorin Word Lists of the 1920s, glossed either “inwards, entrails” (PE13/144) or “entrails, bowels” (PE13/161), with “inwards” being an archaic English variant of “innards” according to the editors. This word was originally a plural form of ᴱN. gir “interior”, from primitive ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ.

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. irdh “entrails, bowels” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin based on this primitive form, since the ʒ vanished in Sindarin.

Early Noldorin [PE13/144; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raith

noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ai-

prefix. [unglossed]

bailchir

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/128] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhraig

?. [unglossed]

A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhregint

?. [unglossed]

bhreigros

?. [unglossed]

blaithrod

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braith

?. [unglossed]

A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braithgair

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cai

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caiad

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ciann

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

delin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ei-

prefix. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

farn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fedhui

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/142; PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flair

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

floth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fraith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

geryd

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaithfedhui

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glewin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glich

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

isteth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laus

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

leus

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhant

noun. path

Early Noldorin [PE13/148; PE13/155] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhuaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/149; PE15/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhû

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luaith

?. [unglossed]

nelyn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pap-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pethil

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

scarn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stroth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tarn

noun. gate

A word for “gate” appearing in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/153). G. tarn “gate” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/69), and it might have been derived from the early root ᴱ√TARA (QL/89). In Tolkien’s later writing he used S. annon for “gate” (LotR/307; PE17/45).

Early Noldorin [PE13/153; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tharn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thesg

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrand

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrann

?. [unglossed]

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ʒirdǝ

noun. entrails, bowels

Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/144; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

liya

root. unite many as one

Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Ungwë Lianti; QL/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mtā

noun. cheek

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/19; PE12/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Entish

burárum

interjection. Entish noise of disgust

Entish [LotR/0466; PE17/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient quenya

caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Ancient quenya [PE22/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by