Quenya 

-s

suffix. he, she, it

-së

suffix. he, she, it

-s(së)

suffix. he, she, it; him, her, it

Derivations

  • se “he, she, it, 3rd person singular pronoun” ✧ VT49/50

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
se/te > -s[-se] > [-s]✧ VT49/50

Variations

  • -s ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; PE17/110; PE17/190; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51
  • -re ✧ PE17/075
  • se ✧ PE22/161
  • -sse ✧ VT49/28
  • -se ✧ VT49/51
Quenya [PE17/075; PE17/110; PE17/190; PE22/161; VT49/16; VT49/28; VT49/48; VT49/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

se

he, she, it

se (1) pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used "of living things including plants" (VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa). The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed form , VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé "I love him" (VT49:21). Ósë "with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena "[to/for] him" or "at him", VT49:14, allative senna "to him/her" (VT49:45, 46). Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself".

-ro

he

-ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, q.v. In Tolkiens later Quenya, the ending -s covers both "he", "she" and "it".

essë

he

essë (2) pron? "he" (and also "she, it"?), possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas "he is dumb" (PE17:126)

Sindarin 

e

pronoun. he

The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

e

he

1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)

e

pronoun. he

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”

Element in

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

e

he

(SD:128-31)

ho

he

hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*

Telerin 

-s

suffix. definite article

Derivations

  • -t “definite article” ✧ PE21/78

Variations

  • s ✧ PE21/78

Adûnaic

-s

suffix. dative (draft)

The suffix used for the draft-dative case (SD/438). It is attested in the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft) in a plural form: avalōi-si “Powers on” (SD/311). In a later conceptual stage, it may have become the ordinary prepositional suffix -zê “at”.

Variations

  • -s/-se ✧ SD/438
Adûnaic [SD/311; SD/438] Group: Eldamo. Published by

u

pronoun. he

A well-attested pronominal prefix, the masculine singular pronoun “he” (SD/433). See the entry on pronominal-prefixes for more discussion. Tolkien said that it had another variant hu- (SD/433), but this variant was only appears in the early and rejected hunekkū, which was changed to unekkū (see nakh-). Tolkien further indicated that the form u- primitively had an initial consonant [ɣ] or [ʔ] that was lost (SD/433).

Derivations

  • √Ad. ƷU “he”

Variations

  • u-/hu- ✧ SD/433

Primitive elvish

-s

suffix. inceptive (verbal suffix)

Element in

  • kalas- “begin to shine, get light” ✧ PE22/135
  • ninkwisya- “to (begin to) grow pale” ✧ PE22/135
  • taltas- “begin to slip down” ✧ PE22/135
  • tankas- “become firm, settle down” ✧ PE22/135

Variations

  • s ✧ PE22/135
Primitive elvish [PE22/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-t

suffix. definite article

Derivatives

  • T. -s “definite article” ✧ PE21/78

Element in

  • ent “over there” ✧ PE21/78
  • yat “away back; ago” ✧ PE21/78

Variations

  • -t ✧ PE21/78
Primitive elvish [PE21/78] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

hon(o)

pronoun. he

ho

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ho

pronoun. he

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶sū̆/sō̆ “masc., he” ✧ Ety/S
    • ᴹ√S “demonstrative stem” ✧ Ety/S

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶sū̆/sō̆ > ho[so] > [ho]✧ Ety/S

Variations

  • hon ✧ Ety/S
  • hono ✧ Ety/S

hon

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hono

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

ʒu Reconstructed

root. he

A Primitive Adûnaic form attested as u “he” (SD/435), but given the later Adûnaic pronoun Ad. u or hu “he”, the actual primitive pronoun may have been ✱ƷU [ɣu], ✱ʔU or ✱HU [xu], as Tolkien indicated in a footnote (SD/433, note #7). The suffix -u was also a common feature of Classical Adûnaic masculine-nouns.

Derivatives

  • Ad. u “he”

Variations

  • u ✧ SD/435
Primitive adûnaic [SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

e

pronoun. he, she, it

Changes

  • éette “hé” ✧ PE22/121

Cognates

  • S. e “he”

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶e “he, she, it”

Element in

Variations

  • é ✧ PE22/121 (é)
Qenya [PE22/096; PE22/097; PE22/100; PE22/106; PE22/108; PE22/110; PE22/116; PE22/118; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/122; PE22/123; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

e

pronoun. he, she, it

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”

Element in

  • ᴹ✶e mati-te “he eats him(self)” ✧ PE22/095
  • ᴹ✶e mati-the “he eats him (another man)” ✧ PE22/095; PE22/095
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/094; PE22/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

o-

conjunction. he

Element in

  • G. o·gwath lemp nin “he beckons, (lit.) he wags a finger at me” ✧ GL/53 (o·gwath lemp nin*)

Variations

  • ✧ GL/53 ()

-inthir

suffix. diminutive

on

pronoun. he

Element in

Gnomish [GL/51; GL/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-tsa

suffix. diminutive

Variations

  • -itsa ✧ PE14/047; PE14/080
Early Quenya [PE14/047; PE14/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-itsa

suffix. diminutive

-itse

suffix. diminutive

Element in

  • Eq. eulitse “*little lamb” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. heritse “an Inwe” ✧ QL/040
  • Eq. inwilitse “little fairy” ✧ QL/042
  • Eq. melitse “darling, sweetheart” ✧ QL/060
  • Eq. miqilitse “little or tender kiss” ✧ QL/061

Variations

  • itse- ✧ PE14/081
  • -litse ✧ QL/042 (-litse); QL/061 (-litse)
Early Quenya [PE14/081; QL/036; QL/040; QL/042; QL/060; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-litse

suffix. diminutive

-lla

suffix. diminutive

Element in

  • Eq. lotella “floret” ✧ QL/055
  • Eq. maksella “mesh” ✧ QL/058
  • Eq. mirilla “faint smile” ✧ QL/061
  • Eq. qimelle “little woman” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. porokelle “chicken” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. pusilla “puff, whiff, breeze” ✧ QL/076
  • Eq. qiqilla “Lily of the Valley” ✧ QL/077
  • Eq. ruella “village” ✧ QL/080

Variations

  • -lle ✧ QL/075 (-lle); QL/077 (-lle)
Early Quenya [QL/055; QL/058; QL/061; QL/075; QL/076; QL/077; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lle

suffix. diminutive

-inya

suffix. diminutive

mike-

prefix. diminutive

Elements

WordGloss
mike“little, a (little) bit; diminutive”

Variations

  • mi(e)- ✧ PE14/081
  • miki- ✧ PE14/081
Early Quenya [PE14/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

miki-

prefix. diminutive

-linte

suffix. diminutive

-pi(t)

suffix. diminutive

mi(e)-

prefix. diminutive

-(l)inta

suffix. diminutive

-(w)inta

suffix. diminutive

-(w)inte

suffix. diminutive

Variations

  • -linte ✧ PE14/049
  • -(l)inte ✧ PE14/081
  • -(w)inta ✧ PE14/081
  • -(l)inta ✧ PE14/081
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-pin(ke)

suffix. diminutive

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PINI “*small” ✧ QL/073

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ > -pi[-pī] > [-pi]✧ QL/073

Variations

  • -pi ✧ QL/073
  • -pit ✧ QL/073
  • -pin ✧ QL/073
  • -pinke ✧ QL/073
Early Quenya [QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-íne(a)

suffix. diminutive

Element in

Variations

  • -íne ✧ PE14/049
  • -ine ✧ PE14/081
  • -inea ✧ PE14/081
  • -inya ✧ PE14/081
  • -īne ✧ QL/042
  • -īnea ✧ QL/042
  • -inke ✧ QL/046 (-inke)
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/081; QL/042; QL/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tu

pronoun. he

Changes

  • tuhu “he” ✧ PE14/078

Element in

Variations

  • tu ✧ PE14/046; PE14/079 (tu)
Early Quenya [PE14/046; PE14/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by