-as
suffix. abstract noun
côl
noun. gold (metal)
gwelw
noun. air (as a substance)
A noun appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as N. gwelw “air (as a substance)” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wilwā under the root ᴹ√WIL “fly, float in air” (Ety/WIL).
Conceptual Development: An earlier precursor is G. gwail “air” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√gu̯il (GL/45).
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. gwelu as suggested in HSD (HSD).
-os
suffix. abstract noun
-th
suffix. abstract noun
a
conjunction. and
adwen
noun. [unglossed]
ai
interjection. hail
an-
prefix. with, by
angol
noun. deep lore, magic
anna-
verb. to give
ar
conjunction. and
ar-
prefix. day
ar-
prefix. etym. beside
ar-
prefix. without
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
bein
adjective. beautiful, fair
borg
adjective. large
A word for “large” in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s, in borg’ā “large ā” (PE23/26). Its etymology is unclear.
borth
?. [unglossed]
calen
adjective. green
ceir
noun. ship
ceir
noun. ship
celeb
noun. silver
celeb
noun. silver
celebren
adjective. like silver (in hue or worth)
celefn
adjective. of silver
celevon
adjective. of silver
cenedril
noun. looking-glass, mirror
clei
?. [unglossed]
coen
?. [unglossed]
cîr
noun. ship
cûl
noun. flame
A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).
dae
adverb. very
di
preposition. in
diragas
?. [unglossed]
dor
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
elf
noun. friend
ethir
noun. mouth (of a river), estuary
gell
noun. joy, triumph
glas
noun. joy
glas
noun. joy
glass
noun. joy
gloss
adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white
golw
noun. lore
gond
noun. rock
gondrafn
noun. hewn stone
gondram
noun. hewn stone
gonn
noun. great stone, rock
gwilith
noun. air (as a region), air (as a region), *lower sky; [G.] breeze
An abstract noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “air as a region” under the root ᴹ√WIL (Ety/WIL). In other words, you breath N. gwelw (ᴺS. gwelu) “air as a substance”, but birds fly through gwilith, basically making it the lower sky below the clouds.
Conceptual Development: In Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. gwilith was “a breeze” (GL/45).
gwilwileth
noun. butterfly
gwilwileth
noun. butterfly
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “butterfly” derived from the root ᴹ√WIL “fly” (Ety/WIL), apparently with duplication of the root and the addition of the abstract noun suffix N. -th.
Conceptual Development: The word G. gwilbrin or gwilvrin “a butterfly” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with an adjective form G. gwilbriniol “like a butterfly”, based on primitive ᴱ√gu̯il (GL/45).
hele
noun. glass
heltha-
verb. to strip
The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14
hmalt
noun. gold (as metal)
hûn
noun. heart (physical)
imlad
noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)
ist
noun. lore, knowledge
lhach
noun. (leaping) flame
lhass
noun. leaf
lhass
noun. leaf
malt
noun. gold (as metal)
mauth
?. [unglossed]
mel-
verb. to love
meldir
noun. friend
meldis
noun. friend
meleth
noun. love
meleth
noun. love
mellon
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
menwed
?. [unglossed]
milui
adjective. friendly, loving, kind
mîl
noun. love, affection
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
naur
noun. flame
naur
noun. fire
naur
noun. flame
ne-
prefix. in
A prefix for “in” implied by the verb N. nestag- “insert” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/STAK). It was probably derived from primitive ᴹ✶ndē̆- “in, inside” based on the root ᴹ√NĒ̆, but this root and its derivatives were deleted (EtyAC/NĒ̆).
Neo-Sindarin: Despite the deletion of its root, I think it is worth retaining ne- “in” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
nedh-
prefix. in, inside, mid-
nith
?. [unglossed]
nithrad
?. [unglossed]
níth
?. [unglossed]
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
oltha-
verb. to dream, to dream; [G.] to appear as an apparition
A verb for “to dream” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶olsa- based on the root ᴹ√OLOS “dream” (Ety/LOS, ÓLOS), where the primitive ls became lth as was usual.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s G. oltha- was glossed “to appear as an apparition”, but could be used for “I dream” as an impersonal verb with the putative subject in the dative (GL/62). This seems to be similar to how Q. óla- “dream” was used in Tolkien’s later writings, which likewise was an impersonal verb (UT/396). The Gnomish Lexicon had another verb G. olma- “I dream” as well (GL/62). These Gnomish verbs were clearly based on the early root ᴱ√OLO (QL/69).
ostrad
noun. street
ostrad
noun. street
A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as N. ostrad “street”, a combination of N. ost “city” and N. râd “path, track” (Ety/RAT).
Neo-Sindarin: Some Neo-Sindarin writers update this word to ᴺS. othrad “street” as suggested in HSD (HSD), based on words like othrond “stronghold” = ost + rond. I think either is fine if we assume othrad is an ancient compound and ostrad was a late (or reformed) compound; compare N. mistrad “error” which also shows medial str.
othlon
noun. paved way
othlond
noun. paved way
parf
noun. book
parf
noun. book
penninar
noun. last day of the year
perian
noun. Halfling
porennin
?. [unglossed]
rada-
verb. to make a way, find a way
rhib-
verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)
The reading of the gloss is uncertain
salab
noun. herb
salab
noun. herb
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “herb” derived from ᴹ✶SALÁK-(WĒ) and cognate to ᴹQ. salqe “grass” (Ety/SALÁK). Its Noldorin plural was seleb, but if adapted into Sindarin its plural would be ✱selaib.
Conceptual Development: A likely precursor is ᴱN. {halo >>} halb “grass, long mowing grass” from Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s, which had a Quenya cognate ᴱQ. salqe (PE13/147). The variant half “grass” from elsewhere in the same document was likely also related (PE13/147). See also G. salc “green cut grass” from the 1910s.
sarn
noun. stone (as a material)
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sarn
noun. small stone
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
siria-
verb. to flow
solch
noun. root (especially as edible)
A noun in The Etymologies from around 1937 glossed “root (especially as edible)” and derived from ᴹ√SULUK (Ety/SÚLUK).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tarc “root (especially edible roots)” and related G. tricthon {“slender fibrous root” >>} “(fibrous fine) root”, both derived from ᴱ√tṛk (GL/69, 71).
síla-
verb. to shine white
tawar
noun. wood (as a material)
tawar
noun. great wood, forest
telwen
?. [unglossed]
thond
noun. friend
tindu
noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)
tindu
noun. starry twilight
tinnu
noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)
tinnu
noun. starry twilight
tum
noun. deep valley, under or among hills
A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√KUL “gold (metal)” (Ety/KUL). Tolkien updated this entry to change the root’s gloss to “golden-red”, after which its Noldorin derivative became N. coll “red”, while elsewhere in The Etymologies the word for “gold (as metal)” became N. malt (Ety/SMAL).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. †culu used poetically for “gold”, cognate to ᴱQ. kulu “gold” (GL/27) and thus derived from the same early root ᴱ√KULU (QL/49). G. culu was also given as an example noun for declensions in the contemporaneous Gnomish Grammar (PE11/14).