A neologism for “mudstone” coined by Luinyelle in a 2022 Discord discussion of words for stones, a combination of maxo “mud” and ondo “stone”.
Quenya
ondo
noun. stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock
maxon
noun. mudstone
sundon
noun. bedrock, (lit.) base-rock
@@@ Discord 2022-04-12
carca
noun. fang; [sharp] rock, fang, [ᴹQ.] tooth, [ᴱQ.] tusk; [Q.] rock
A word for “fang” (CA/carak), “tooth” (Ety/KARAK), or “tusk” (QL/48), derived from the root √KARAK of similar meaning (Ety/KARAK). In the Markirya poem from the 1960s, this word was used for “rocks” in the phrase ninqui carcar yarra “the white rocks snarling” (MC/222), but very likely this use was metaphorical for sharp rocks; in the version of the poem from around 1930, the phrase used the more ordinary word for “rocks”: ᴱQ. ondoli (MC/213). Likely the word carca is used mainly for the sharp teeth (fangs) of carnivorous animals, as opposed to ᴹQ. nelet (nelc-) as the more ordinary word for “tooth”.
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. karka dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it was glossed “fang, tooth, tusk” and derived from the early root ᴱ√KṚKṚ (QL/48). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “fang” (PME/48). ᴹQ. karka “tooth” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KARAK “sharp fang, spike, tooth” (Ety/KARAK); an earlier version of this entry gave the root (and karka?) the glosses “tooth, spike, peak” (EtyAC/KARAK).
The noun carca is only directly attested in later writings in the 1960s Markirya poem, as noted above, but other √KARAK derivatives appeared regularly in the 1950s and 60s, such as S. carch “fang” and S. carach “jaws”.
Caliondo
rock
Caliondo, masc. name, maybe a longer form of Calion above (unless Caliondo contains ondo "rock") (UT:210)
sarnincë
noun. pebble
A neologism for “pebble” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo (updated from sardincë to sarnincë in 2021), a diminutive form of Q. sar (sarn-) “stone”. There are a number of Early Qenya words for “pebble” from the 1910s and 20s, but all have various issues for adapting them to Neo-Quenya.
The basic word for “stone” in Quenya. More specifically, it was “stone as a material, a large mass of stone or great rock” (RC/347; PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to a small individual stone, which was Q. sar (Ety/SAR). Ondo was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Sindarin cognate S. gond (Ety/GOND).
Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the root ᴱ√ONO “hard” (QL/70); it was ond(o) in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/50). Its Gnomish cognate was G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41) meaning the early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial *ʒ* vanishing in Qenya but becoming *g* in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya, as reflected in the form ᴱQ. {ŋonda >>} hond- “stone, rock” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/162).
However, the usual form became ondo as of the Early Qenya Grammar and various word lists in the 1920s (PE14/43-44; PE15/77; PE16/138), and ᴹQ. ondo “stone (as a material)” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND). Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter.