undu

down, under, beneath

undu adv. (and prep.?) "down, under, beneath" (UNU, VT46:20); prefixundu- "down", in undulávë "down-licked" = covered. (Nam)

undu

preposition/adverb. down, under, down, under, [ᴹQ.] beneath

undu

down

undulav-

verb. to drown, swallow, submerge, (lit.) lick down, to swallow, *engulf; (lit.) lick down; drown, submerge

A verb whose past form appears in the Namárië poem in the phrase ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë “and all paths are drowned deep in shadow” (LotR/377; RGEO/58). It is a combination of undu “down” and lav- “lick” (PE17/72). Thus, its literal meaning is “lick down” and it has various other less-literal translations such as “swallow, wash down, submerge” (PE17/72).

I suspect this verb is purely poetic and not used in ordinary speech, but if it is used outside of poetry I believe its closest meaning would be “swallow, ✱engulf”. This is because in Notes on Galadriel’s Song (NGS) from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien glossed it “down-lick = swallow” (PE17/72), and similarly translated its past tense as “swallowed (lit. down-licked)” in the prose Namárië from The Road Goes Ever On of 1967 (RGEO/59). In particular, I think the gloss “drowned” in the Namárië poem from The Lord of the Rings is a loose translation.

undumë hácala

the abyss yawning

The twenty-seventh line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is undumë “abyss” followed by the (present?) active-participle (“-ing”) of the verb hac- or háca- “to yawn”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> undumë háca-la = “✱abyss yawn-ing”

undumë rúma

the abyss moving

The twenty-second line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is undumë “abyss” followed the infinitive (or short active-participle) form of rum- or rúma- “to move”, used adjectivally.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> undumë rúma = “✱abyss moving”

Conceptual Development: In the first draft, Tolkien used an ordinary active-participle form rúmala, which he retained initially in the second draft before changing it into the shorter form rúma (MC/222).

undulav-

lick down

undulav- vb., literally "lick down" = cover (glossed "swallow" in PE17:72). Lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier "(heavy) shadow down-licked all paths", lyrical translation "all paths are drowned deep in shadow" (Nam). The pl. past tense would be unduláver (PE17:72).

undumë

abyss

undumë noun "abyss" (Markirya)

undumë

noun. abyss

#lav-

lick

#lav- (1) vb. "lick", pa.t. #lávë in undulávë, see undu (Nam); 1st person aorist lavin "I lick" in the Etymologies(LAB)

untúpa

down-roofs

untúpa vb. "down-roofs" = covers (perhaps for *undutúpa-, cf. undu-). Present tense of untup- with lengthening of the stem vowel and the suffix -a (cf. síla "shines" from sil-)

lantar

fall

-r plural ending used on verbs with a plural subject (VT49:48, 50, 51), e.g. lantar "fall" in Namárië (with the plural subject lassi "leaves"), or unduláver as the pl. form of undulávë "licked down, covered" (PE17:72). The ending is sometimes missing where we might expect it; for instance, the verb tarnë "stood" has multiple subjects and yet does not appear as *tarner in PE17:71.

mandu

abyss

mandu noun "abyss" (MC:214; this is "Qenya" - Tolkien's later Quenya has undumë)

lanta

fall

lanta (1) noun "a fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT) ), also lantë.

lanta-

fall

lanta- (2) "fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT), Narqelion, VT45:26, VT49:54); lantar aorist tense pl. (Nam, RGEO:66); pl. pa.t. lantaner "fell" (pl.) (SD:246); lantier "they fell", a plural past tense of lanta- "fall" occurring in LR:47; read probably lantaner in LotR-style Quenya, as in SD:246. Also sg. lantië "fell" (LR:56); read likewise *lantanë? (The forms in -ier, -ië seem to be properly perfects.) Future tense lantuva, VT49:47. Participle lantala "falling" (with locative ending: lantalassë) in Markirya.

lantë

fall

#lantë (1) noun "fall" in Noldolantë, q.v. Also lanta.

lantë

noun. fall

A noun for “fall” appearing as an element of the title Noldolantë “Fall of the Noldor” (S/87).

Neo-Quenya: The word lasse-lanta “leaf-fall” (LotR/1107) indicates the noun for “a fall” should be lanta, which is also how the noun appears in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/DAT). However, there is an alternate form lassewinta “leaf fall” in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/376) where the second element seems to be the infinitive of the verb winta-, so perhaps lasselanta also includes the infinitive of the verb lanta- “to fall”.

The form lantë more strongly resembles other Quenya nouns, which more often end in -e rather than -a. As such, I prefer lantë over lanta as the independent noun for “a fall”.

lav-

verb. lick

nunna

adverb. down

sulp-

lick

sulp- vb. "lick" (LT1:266; rather lav- in Tolkien's later Quenya)

ndu

root. down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun, etc.)

dad

adverb. down, downwards

dad

adverb. down

dant-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

lhaf-

verb. to lick

annúnaid

noun. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech)

annúnaid

proper name. Westron

The Sindarin name for the “Westron” language (PM/316). Its initial element is clearly annûn “west”, but the meaning of the suffix -aid is unclear. It might be some variation on the gerund-suffix -ed/-ad seen in nouns like genediad “reckoning”, though this suffix usually forms nouns from verbs, not adjectives. Vyacheslav Stepanov suggested the final element might be from ancient adjectival ✱-etya based on √ET “out”, so that -aid = “✱out from”, as in “✱out from the West”.

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

dant

noun. fall

lant

noun. fall

lav-

verb. to lick

annúnaid

westron

(a language) Annúnaid

annúnaid

westron

dad

downward

;

dadbenn

downhill, sloping down

(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

dath

abyss

dath (i dhath) (hole, pit, steep fall), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

dath

abyss

(i dhath) (hole, pit, steep fall), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

dû

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

iâ

abyss

iâ (chasm, void, gulf), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâ

abyss

(chasm, void, gulf), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

lav

lick

lav- (i **lâf, i levir**)

penna

slant down

(i benna, i phennar)

torn

down

(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.

torn

down

(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.