onóro

brother

onóro noun "brother" (of blood-kinship) (TOR, NŌ (WŌ) )

toron

brother

toron (torn- as in pl. torni) noun "brother" (TOR; a later source gives háno, hanno [q.v.] as the word for "brother", leaving the status of toron uncertain)

otorno

brother, sworn brother, [male] associate

otorno noun "brother, sworn brother, [male] associate" (TOR, WŌ). Cf. osellë.

-tar

king

-tar or tar-, element meaning "king" or "queen" in compounds and names (TĀ/TA3), e.g. Valatar; compare the independent nouns tár, tári. Prefix Tar- especially in the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil in this case), cf. also Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", title used by Sauron (PE17:183). Also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also Tarmenel.

tár

king

tár noun "king" (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. tári "kings" must not be confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TĀ/TA3). Prefix tar-, compare -tar above. The normal Quenya word for "king" is aran, but compare Tarumbar.

túr

king

túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)

taran

king

taran (1) noun "king", possibly ephemeral variant of aran, q.v. (PE17:186)

aran

king

aran noun "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369, VT45:16, PE17:186); gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; aranya "my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369); aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor" (VT49:27). Also in arandil "king's friend, royalist", arandur "king's servant, minister" (Letters:386); Arantar masc. name, "King-Lord" (Appendix A); Arandor "Kingsland" region in Númenor (UT:165); the long form Arandórë appears as a name of Arnor in PE17:28 (elsewhere Arnanórë, q.v.) Othercompounds ingaran, Noldóran, Núaran, q.v.

aran

noun. king

Cognates

• S. aran “king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person, king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person; [N.] lord (of a specific region)” ✧ PE17/147

Derivations

• √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
• √ARAN “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

• Q. arandil “king’s friend, royalist”
• Q. arandur “minister, steward, (lit.) king’s servant”
• Q. aranel “princess”
• Q. aranië “kingdom”
• Q. aran Lestanórëo “King of Doriath” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. aran linta ciryalion “*king of swift ships” ✧ PE17/147
• Q. aran linta ciryalíva “*king of swift ships” ✧ PE17/147
• Q. Aran Meletyalda “king your mighty” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. Aranórë “Kingsland”
• Q. Arantar “*High King”
• ᴺQ. arantyalmë “chess, (lit.) king-game”
• Q. aranus(së) “kingship”
• Q. Aranwë “*King-person”
• Q. aranya “*royal”
• Q. asëa aranion “kingsfoil, asëa of the Kings” ✧ LotR/0864; PE17/049; PE17/100
• Q. Ciriáran “Mariner King, *(lit.) Ship King”
• Q. Elwë, aran Sindaron “Elwe, King of the Sindar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. i arani Eldaive “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. i arani Eldaron “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. ingaran “high-king”
• Q. Noldóran “King of the Ñoldor”
• Q. savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe that E[lessar] really existed and that he was a King of Gondor” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/27
• ᴺQ. tararan “emperor, (lit.) high-king”
• Q. Aran Endór “King of Middle-earth” ✧ MR/121 (Aran Endór)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ARA > aran	[aran]	✧ PE17/118
√ARAN > aran	[aran]	✧ PE17/147

Variations

• Aran ✧ MR/121 (Aran); PE17/147; WJ/369; WJ/369; WJ/369

hanno

brother

hanno noun "brother" (a colloquial form, cf. háno), also used in children's play for "middle finger" (VT47:12, 14, VT48:4, 6)

haran

king, chieftain

haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TĀ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)

háno

brother

háno noun "brother", colloquially also hanno (VT47:12, 14). It is unclear whether Tolkien, by introducing this form, abandoned the older (TLT) word toron (q.v.)

háno

noun. brother

A word for “brother” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √KHAN of the same meaning (VT47/14). It had a diminutive/affectionate variant hanno used as a play name for the middle finger in several places in these notes (VT47/12; VT48/6).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. toron “brother” from the root ᴹ√TOR (Ety/TOR), and the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. herendo “brother” from the early root ᴱ√HESE (QL/40). See those entries for discussion.

Cognates

• S. hawn “brother” ✧ VT47/14
• T. háno “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Derivations

• √KHAN “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHAN > hāno	[kʰāno] > [xāno] > [hāno]	✧ VT47/14

Variations

• hāno ✧ VT47/14

vardar

king

vardar noun "king" (LT1:273; rather aran in LotR-style Quenya)

eldatár

`Vm#1~C6 noun. elf-king, elfking, elven-king

ar-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ara-, Arathorn

ara

noun. king

_ n. _king. 

Ara-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ar-, Arathorn

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

honeg

noun. "litte brother"

Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion

hanar

noun. brother

hanar

noun. brother

A word for “brother” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √KHAN of the same meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †hawn (VT47/14). Remnants of this archaic form can be seem in the diminutive/affectionate form honeg “[little] brother” (VT48/6); Tolkien considered and apparently rejected alternates of the diminutive: honig and hanig (VT47/14; VT48/17).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. tôr “brother” from the root ᴹ√TOR (Ety/TOR), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethos “brother” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48-49; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.

Derivations

• √KHAN “brother” ✧ VT47/14

honeg

noun. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion

hawn

noun. brother

hawn

noun. brother

Cognates

• Q. háno “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Derivations

• √KHAN “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Element in

• ᴺS. gwachon “(sworn) brother, associate”
• S. honeg “brother (diminutive)” ✧ VT47/14

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHAN > hawn	[kʰāno] > [xāno] > [xǭno] > [xauno] > [xaun] > [haun]	✧ VT47/14

taur

king

(i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. TĀ to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

gwador

sworn brother

(i ’wador), pl. gwedyr (in gwedyr). In ”N”, the pl. was gwedeir (LR:394 s.v. TOR)

aran

king

1) (king of a region) aran (pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural). 2) (king of a people) †taur (i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. _T_Ā to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

aran

king

(pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural).

honeg

little brother

(i choneg, o choneg), pl. honig (i chonig), also used as a play-name for the middle finger. (VT47:6, 16-17) 2) In older sources Tolkien listed different ”Noldorin” words for ”brother”: muindor (i vuindor), analogical pl. muindyr (i muindyr). Archaic/poetic †tôr (i** dôr, o thôr, construct tor), pl. teryn (i** theryn), coll. pl. toronath. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was terein. 3) “Brother” in extended sense of “relative”: gwanur (i ’wanur) (kinsman, also kinswoman), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

hanar

brother

1) hanar (i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is *haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.

hanar

brother

(i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is ✱haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.

háno

noun. brother

Cognates

• Q. háno “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Derivations

• √KHAN “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Variations

• hāno ✧ VT47/14

hanna

noun. brother

Cognates

• Q. hanno “brother (diminutive)” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

• √KHAN “brother”

Element in

• T. hannacë “brother [diminutive]” ✧ VT48/06

ârû

noun. king

A noun translated as “king” (SD/429). The Adûnaic word for “queen” is not attested, but could be a feminized form of this word, such as ✱ârî.

Element in

• Ad. Ar- “king or queen”
• Ad. Arûn “Lord”
• Ad. Ârû ’nAdûnâi “King of the Anadunians” ✧ SD/429

Variations

• Ārū ✧ SD/429

durin

masculine name. king

Element in

• S. Ennyn Durin Aran Moria “the Doors of Durin, Lord of Moria” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/040
• N. Ennyn Durin Aran Vória “the Doors of Durin Lord of Moria” ✧ TI/182

khan

root. brother

A root for “brother” that Tolkien introduced in notes on finger-names from the late 1960s as a companion to √NETH “sister” (VT47/14, 26, 34). It conflicts with, and possibly replaces, earlier uses for √KHAN such as √KHAN “back” in notes from around 1959 serving as the basis for the prefix Q. han- in hanquenta “answer” (PE17/166). The root ᴹ√KHAN also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “understand, comprehend”, with various derivatives in both Quenya and Noldorin of similar meaning (Ety/KHAN).

It is unlikely that all these uses of √KHAN coexisted, but I think at a minimum both √KHAN “brother” and ᴹ√KHAN “understand, comprehend” should be retained for the purposes of Neo-Eldarin, as the latter has no good replacements in Tolkien’s later writing. As for hanquenta “answer”, it might be reinterpreted as “a saying providing understanding”, and so be derived from ᴹ√KHAN “understand”.

Derivatives

• Q. háno “brother” ✧ VT47/14
• Q. hanno “brother (diminutive)” ✧ VT47/26; VT47/34
• S. hanar “brother” ✧ VT47/14
• S. hawn “brother” ✧ VT47/14
• T. hanna “brother”
• T. háno “brother” ✧ VT47/14

Variations

• KHAN ✧ VT47/14
• khan ✧ VT47/26; VT47/34

tôr

noun. brother

The word muindor is more usual

tôr

noun. brother

An (archaic) word for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with an irregular plural terein (Ety/TOR). In ordinary speech, it was replaced by muindor, with an initial element muin “dear”.

Neo-Sindarin: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word hanar for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think †tôr and related words might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as gwador “(sworn) brother, associate”. In this paradigm, I would assume muindor still refers to a brother by blood, with an added connotation of strong affection.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. toron “brother” ✧ Ety/TOR

Derivations

• On. toron “brother” ✧ Ety/TOR; Ety/TOR
  • ᴹ√TOR “brother” ✧ Ety/TOR

Element in

• N. muindor “brother” ✧ Ety/TOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. toron > tôr	[toron] > [toro] > [tor] > [tōr]	✧ Ety/TOR

taur

noun. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes)

In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word

gwador

noun. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates)

muindor

noun. brother

muindor

noun. brother

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

âr

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

âr

noun. king