Turcafinwë

strong, powerful (in body) finwë

Turcafinwë masc. name, "strong, powerful (in body) Finwë", masc. name; he was called Celegorm in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Turco. (PM:352), compare #turco "chief" (q.v.)

mahtar

warrior

mahtar noun "warrior" (MAK; original gloss "swordsman", VT45:32)

mehtar

noun. warrior

Element in

• Q. Calimehtar “*Bright Warrior”
• Q. Telumehtar “Orion, (lit.) Warrior of the Sky” ✧ WJ/411

ohtacáro

warrior

[ohtacáro] ("k")noun "warrior" (KAR). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the accent of the word ohtacáro was omitted (VT45:19).

ohtar

masculine name. Warrior

The squire of Isildur (LotR/243, UT/272). This name is simply the word ohtar “warrior” used as a name. Since it is a name out of legend, this name might have originally been the man’s title instead of his name, with his true name now lost (UT/282, note #17).

Elements

Word	Gloss
ohtar	“warrior”

ohtar

noun. warrior

Element in

• Q. Minohtar “*First Warrior”
• Q. Ohtar “Warrior”
• ᴺQ. ohtarië “martial ardour”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ohta	“war”
-r(o)	“agental suffix”

Variations

• Ohtar ✧ UT/282

lér

man

**lér noun "man" (NI1; hypothetical Q form of PQ dēr; the form actually used in Quenya was nér)

nér

man

nér (1) (ner-, as in pl. neri) noun "man" (adult male elf, mortal, or of other speaking race) (MR:213, VT49:17, DER, NDER, NI1, VT45:9; see also WJ:393)

nér

noun. man

vëo

man

†vëo noun "man" (WEG; etymologically connected to vëa "manly, vigorous"; the more neutral word for "man" is nér. According to VT46:21, Tolkien indicated that vëo is an archaic or poetic word.) Tolkien at a later point defined the word as "living creature" (PE17:189). Cf. variant wëo, q.v.

sorna

steadfast

sorna (þ) adj. "steadfast" (PE17:113)

sorna

adjective. steadfast

Cognates

• S. thorn “steadfast” ✧ PE17/113

Derivations

• √STOR “steadfast” ✧ PE17/113

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√THOR > thorna > sorna	[tʰorna] > [θorna] > [sorna]	✧ PE17/113

mordo

warrior, hero

mordo (2) noun "warrior, hero" (LT1:268 - probably obsoleted by # 1 above)

poldorë

strong, burly

poldorë noun? (not glossed, derived from polda "strong, burly": possibly "strength" as an abstract) (POL/POLOD)

ohtar

warrior, soldier

ohtar noun "warrior, soldier" (UT:282)

sarta

steadfast, trusty, loyal

sarta adj. "steadfast, trusty, loyal" (PE17:183)

salyon(do)

noun. hero, dauntless man

Derivations

• ᴹ√STALAG “*stalwart, steady, firm”

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)

thalion

masculine name. Steadfast, Strong

A sobriquet of Húrin, translated “Steadfast” (S/199, 209). This name is simply the adjective thalion “strong, dauntless” used as a name (SA/thalion).

Conceptual Development: The sobriquet ᴱN. Thalion first appeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/6, 37) and the name N. Thalion was translated “hero, dauntless man” in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/STÁLAG). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name was also briefly used for a soldier of Minas Tirith, precursor to Beregond (WR/285).

Elements

Word	Gloss
thalion	“strong, dauntless, strong, dauntless; [N.] hero, dauntless man; [ᴱN.] warrior”

thalion

noun/adjective. strong, dauntless, strong, dauntless; [N.] hero, dauntless man; [ᴱN.] warrior

Element in

• S. Cúthalion “Strongbow” ✧ SA/thalion
• S. Thalion “Steadfast, Strong” ✧ SA/thalion

Elements

Word	Gloss
-on	“masculine suffix”

thorn

adjective. steadfast

adj. steadfast. Q. thorna, sorna. >> Arathorn

thorn

adjective. steadfast

Cognates

• Q. sorna “steadfast” ✧ PE17/113

Derivations

• √STOR “steadfast” ✧ PE17/113; PE17/113

Element in

• S. Arathorn “Steadfast King” ✧ PE17/113; PE17/113
• ᴺS. thornang “steel”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√THOR > thorn	[tʰorna] > [θorna] > [θorn]	✧ PE17/113
√STOR > thorn	[storna] > [sθorna] > [θorna] > [θorn]	✧ PE17/113

Variations

• thorn ✧ PE17/113; PE17/113

hador

masculine name. Warrior

Leader of the House of Hador, one of the three tribes of the Edain (S/147). In a geneology from 1959, the name seems to be translated “Warrior” in Hador Lorindol “the Warrior Goldenhead”, appearing beneath S. Magor “the Sword” and S. Hathol “the Axe” (WJ/234).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as N. Hádor and Hador with both long and short a (LR/146). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. hador was translated as “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).

Element in

• S. Narn e·mbar Hador “*Tale of the House of Hador” ✧ MR/373

dîr

noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix

A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:

> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).

Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.

Derivations

• ✶ndē̆r “man”
  • √N(D)ER “male (person), man”

Element in

• S. Borondir “?Steadfast-man”
• S. Brandir “*Noble Man”
• S. condir “mayor, *(lit.) chief-man”
• S. curunír “wizard, wizard, [N.] man of craft”
• S. dagnir “slayer, bane”
• S. Dírhael “*Wise Man”
• S. dírnaith “wedge-shaped battle-formation, (lit.) man-spearhead”
• S. Emeldir “Manhearted, *Manly-mother”
• S. Haldir
• S. Handir
• S. Hathaldir
• S. Hatholdir “*Axe-man”
• S. herdir “master”
• S. Lindir
• S. Othrondir “?Stronghold Man”
• S. randir “wanderer, wandering man, pilgrim” ✧ PE17/060
• S. Thorondir “*Eagle-man”

Variations

• ndir ✧ PE17/060

adan

noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)

adanath

noun. men

adanadar

noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men

drúadan

noun. wild man, one of the Woses

Dúnadan

noun. Man of the west, Númenórean

drû

noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man

In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word

thalion

dauntless man

(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”. 

thalion

strong

thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

strong

(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

hero

(dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.   

thalion

steadfast

thalion (dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

steadfast

(dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

dauntless man

(steadfast, strong; hero), pl. thelyn. 

thalion

dauntless man)

o used as noun DAUNTLESS MAN) thalion (steadfast, strong; hero), pl. thelyn.

thalion

dauntless man

thalion (hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.

callon

hero

1) callon (i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath; 2) thalion (dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.

callon

hero

(i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath

hadron

warrior

(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath.

firion

mortal man

(pl. firyn).

bell

strong

1) (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)

bell

strong

lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.

rhavan

wild man

(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:

daug

warrior

(i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-warrior”)

maethor

warrior

1) maethor (i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr), 2) (”thrower” or ”hurler”, i.e. of spears or darts) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath. 3) (primarily Orkish warrior) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-warrior”)

maethor

warrior

(i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr)

adan

man

(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

dîr

man

1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

dîr

man

(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.

him

steadfast

1) him (abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.

him

steadfast

(abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.

bôr

trusty man

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

curunír

man of craft

(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

beorn

noun. man

The shift of e to eo is strange and has no direct parallels, but compare eo from i in meord "fine rain" (< primitive mizdê). Normally final -ô becomes -â in Nandorin (see golda), but here it is simply lost instead of producing *beorna. C.f. meord the other word where we might have expected to see a final -a (in that case from -ê); it may be that final vowels are lost in words that would otherwise come to have more than two syllables. - The shift of primitive s to r in besnô > beorn may be ascribed primarily to the blending with ber(n)ô, but r from z is seen in meord < mizdê; perhaps the s of besnô first became z and then r. Such developments are common in Quenya.

stal

root. strong

The unglossed root ᴹ√STALAG appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like N. thala “stalwart, steady, firm” and N. thalion “hero, dauntless man” (Ety/STÁLAG), the latter a sobriquet of Húrin typically translated as “Steadfast” in the narratives themselves (S/199). Similar forms appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s derived from the primitive form ᴱ✶stalga (PE13/153).

The root √STAL “strong” was mentioned in passing as the basis for the adjective Q. astalda in a rejected page associated with roots having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115; VT47/26 note #26). The name Q. Astaldo “Valiant” appeared as a sobriquet of Tulkas in later versions of The Silmarillion (S/28), replacing the earlier name Q. Poldórëa of similar meaning (MR/146, 149; LR/206). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √STAL (and its derivatives) means “✱valiant” rather than “strong”.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. astal “valour”
• Q. astalda “strong, *valiant” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• ᴺS. thalas “valour, courage”

thor

root. steadfast

ndē̆r

noun. man

Derivations

• √N(D)ER “male (person), man”

Derivatives

• S. dîr “man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix”

stor

root. steadfast

A root appearing Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 serving as an explanation for the element S. thorn “steadfast” in the name S. Arathorn, first appearing in a rejected page with variants √STOR and √THOR (PE17/113-114) and then later as only √THOR (PE17/113). This root may be connected to Q. torna “hard” in notes on Quenya intensive forms written between the first and second edition of The Lord of the Rings, where it was an element in Q. tornanga “hard iron”, with intensive forms aristorna, anastorna that imply derivation from √STOR (PE17/56).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root is √STOR to avoid conflict with ᴹ√THOR(ON), the basis for “eagle” words.

Derivatives

• Q. sorna “steadfast” ✧ PE17/113
• Q. torna “hard”
• S. thorn “steadfast” ✧ PE17/113; PE17/113

Element in

• Q. Hyarastorni “?South Fastness”

Variations

• THOR ✧ PE17/113; PE17/113; PE17/186; PE17/187

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)

thalion

masculine name. hero, dauntless man

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man

Derivations

• ᴹ✶stalgondō “hero, dauntless man” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG
  • ᴹ√STALAG “*stalwart, steady, firm” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG

Element in

• ᴺS. thalieth “heroine, dauntless woman”
• N. Thalion “hero, dauntless man” ✧ Ety/STÁLAG

Elements

Word	Gloss
-on	“masculine suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶stalgondō > thalion	[stalgondō] > [stalgondo] > [sθalgondo] > [θalgondo] > [θalɣondo] > [θalɣond] > [θaliond] > [θalionn] > [θalion]	✧ Ety/STÁLAG
ᴹ✶stalgondō > thelyn	[stalgondī] > [stalgondi] > [sθalgondi] > [θalgondi] > [θalɣondi] > [θalɣundi] > [θelɣyndi] > [θelyndi] > [θelynd] > [θelynn] > [θelyn]	✧ Ety/STÁLAG

callon

noun. hero

callon

noun. hero

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kallo “noble man, hero” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kalrondō “hero” ✧ Ety/KAL

Elements

Word	Gloss
-(r)on	“agental suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kalrondō > callon	[kalrondō] > [kallondō] > [kallondo] > [kallond] > [kallonn] > [kallon]	✧ Ety/KAL

maethor

noun. warrior

maethor

noun. warrior

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mahtar “warrior, warrior, [ᴱQ.] soldier” ✧ Ety/MAK

forodrim

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. Northmen

forodweith

noun. Northmen

him

adjective. steadfast, abiding

him

adjective. continually

belt

adjective. strong in body

forodwaith

noun. the lands of the North

forodweith

noun. the lands of the North

benn

noun. man, male

daug

noun. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of Orcs)

dîr

noun. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race)