Quenya 

Súlimë

march

Súlimë noun, third month of the year, "March". The word apparently means *"windy one" (Appendix D; SA:sûl; not capitalized in the latter source). Early "Qenya" has súlimë "wind" (LT1:266)

súlimë

noun. March, *Windy-one

Cognates

  • S. Gwaeron “March, *Windy-one” ✧ LotR/1110; UTI/Súlimë

Elements

WordGloss
súlë“breath; (movement of) spirit, emission of power (of will or desire)”
-më“abstract noun”

Variations

  • súlimë ✧ SA/sûl
Quenya [LBI/Súlimë; LotR/1110; SA/sûl; UTI/Súlimë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlë

spirit, breath

súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.

súrë

wind

súrë noun "wind", stem súri- because of primitive form sūrǐ- (PE17:62),hence the instrumental form súrinen "in the wind" or more literally "by the wind" (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 197); Súrion masc.name, "Wind-son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru (MC:213, 216, 220). See also súriquessë.

þúlë

noun. spirit

súru

wind

súru noun "wind" (MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya"; Tolkien's later Quenya has súrë)

vilissë

spirit

vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)

tuilérë

spring-day

tuilérë noun *"Spring-day", a day outside the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted between Súlimë and Víressë (rough equivalents of March and April). In Tolkien's early "Qenya", Tuilérë was simply glossed "Spring" (LT1:269).

vailë

wind

vailë noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vailë

noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gale

An obscure word for “wind” in notes from December 1959 (D59) derived from the root √WAYA and appearing in various forms: vëa, vaiwe, and vaile, the last of these with an adjectival form vailima “windy” (P17/189). A similar set of Quenya derivatives of √WAY appeared in notes from 1957, but there most of the forms were rejected: {vaiwe, view-, vaive, víw}, along with unrejected váva (PE17/33-34). Tolkien considered all these as possible cognates of S. gwae “wind”.

Conceptual Development: Precursors include ᴱQ. ’wā “wind” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWĀ (QL/102), ᴱQ. or vanwe “wind” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1930s (PE16/142) and ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ). Thus the Quenya forms were much less stable than their Sindarin equivalent and its precursor, which were simply G. gwâ “wind” (GL/43; PE13/146) >> N./S. gwae(w) “wind” (Ety/WĀ; NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189).

Neo-Quenya: Of the various forms, I prefer Q. vailë since (a) it is later, (b) has an adjectival form and (c) has a possible direct cognate S. gwael “✱wind”, also from around the same time. Q. súrë is the usual word for “wind” and is thus preferable for most uses, but I think vailë might be used for a strong wind or gale, since elsewere in Quenya derivatives of √ seem to be tied to stronger winds: hwarwa “violent wind”, vangwë “storm” (NM/237).

Changes

  • waiwevaiwe ✧ PE17/189

Cognates

  • S. gwae “wind” ✧ PE17/189

Derivations

  • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189
  • waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/189
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189
  • waile “*wind” ✧ PE17/189
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189

Element in

  • Q. vailima “windy” ✧ PE17/189

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
WAYA > vëa[waja] > [wea] > [βea] > [vea]✧ PE17/189
waiwa(y) > vaiwe[waiwai] > [βaiwai] > [vaiwai] > [vaiwe]✧ PE17/189
waile > vaile[waile] > [βaile] > [vaile]✧ PE17/189

Variations

  • vëa ✧ PE17/189
  • vaiwe ✧ PE17/189
  • vaile ✧ PE17/189
  • waiwe ✧ PE17/189 (waiwe)

vaiwë

wind

vaiwë noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vaiwë

noun. wind

wailë

wind

wailë noun "wind", later form vailë, q.v. (PE17:189)

fëa

spirit

fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.

wai

wind, weave

wai (what the primitive element ¤wei "wind, weave" became in Quenya; therefore confused with the stem WAY "enfold") (WEY)

vëa

wind

vëa (4) noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vëa

noun. wind

spirit, shadow

noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)

vaiwa

wind

vaiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)

waiwa

wind

waiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)

wind

(actually spelt ) noun "wind" (LT1:266). Cf. wáya-.

Sindarin 

sûl

noun. wind

Sindarin [S/437] Q súlë. Group: SINDICT. Published by

sûl

noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gust

A noun for “wind” appearing in names like Amon Sûl, derived from the root √ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” (NM/237; PE17/124).

Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word is G. saul “great wind” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/67), derived from the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Súlimo; QL/86).

Neo-Sindarin: Given its connection to the sound of wind, I think sûl would be used mostly for strong or noisy wind, including (but not limited to) gusts of wind, as opposed to more ordinary (and less noisy) gwae “wind”. This notion is supported by its Gnomish precursor G. saul “great wind”.

Cognates

  • Q. súrë “wind, breeze” ✧ PE17/124

Derivations

  • sūli “wind”
  • “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” ✧ NM/237; PE17/124

Element in

  • S. Amon Sûl “Weathertop, (lit.) Hill of the Wind” ✧ SA/sûl

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> sûl[sūl] > [sūle] > [sūl]✧ NM/237
> sūl[sūli] > [sūle] > [sūl]✧ PE17/124

Variations

  • sūl ✧ PE17/015; PE17/124
Sindarin [NM/237; PE17/015; PE17/124; SA/sûl] Group: Eldamo. Published by

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:86] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

faer

noun. spirit

Sindarin [MR/349] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwae

wind

_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). Q. vea. >> gwaew

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:33-4:189] < _gwoe_ < _wāyā _< WAYA blow (as of wind). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gwae

noun. wind

The normal Sindarin word for “wind”, usually appearing as gwae but sometimes as gwaew, most frequently derived from √WAY “blow” but also a bewildering variety of other roots (NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189); see the entry for √ for further discussion.

Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this word was G. gwâ “wind” from both Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GG/14; GL/43). The form ᴱN. gwá “wind” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (MC/217), but in the Nebrachar poem from circa 1930 the form was gwaew “wind” (MC/217). It was N. gwaew “wind” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ), and appeared a number of times in later writings as both gwae and (more rarely) gwaew, as noted above.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer using only gwae for “wind”, reserving gwaew for “storm”.

Cognates

  • Q. vailë “wind, [strong] wind, *gale” ✧ PE17/189
  • Q. váva “*wind” ✧ PE17/033

Derivations

  • wāya “blow” ✧ NM/237; PE17/034
    • “blow; noise of wind, echoic representation of sound of wind” ✧ NM/237
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/034
  • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/034; PE17/189
  • waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/033
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
wā-yo > gwoe > gwae[wājo] > [wǭjo] > [wǭio] > [woio] > [gwoio] > [gwoi] > [gwoe] > [gwae]✧ NM/237
WAYA > gwae[wajā] > [waja] > [waia] > [gwaia] > [gwai] > [gwae]✧ PE17/033
waiwe > gwae(w)[waiwe] > [gwaiwe] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]✧ PE17/033
WIW > gwae(w)[waiwe] > [gwaiwe] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]✧ PE17/034
wāyā > gwoe > gwae[wājā] > [wāja] > [wǭja] > [wǭia] > [woia] > [gwoia] > [gwoi] > [gwoe] > [gwae]✧ PE17/034
WAYA > Gwae[wajā] > [waja] > [waia] > [gwaia] > [gwai] > [gwae]✧ PE17/189

Variations

  • gwaew ✧ PE17/033 (gwaew)
  • gwae(w) ✧ PE17/033 (gwae(w)); PE17/034
  • Gwae ✧ PE17/189
Sindarin [NM/237; PE17/033; PE17/034; PE17/189] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaew

wind

_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). >> gwae

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:33-4] < _gwoe_ < _wāyā _< WAYA. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gwaeron

noun. March, *Windy-one

Cognates

  • Q. Súlimë “March, *Windy-one” ✧ LotR/1110; UTI/Súlimë

Elements

WordGloss
gwae“wind”
-(r)on“agental suffix”
Sindarin [LBI/Gwaeron; LotR/1110; UTI/Gwaeron; UTI/Súlimë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaeron

noun. march (month)

Sindarin [LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sûl

wind

(i hûl), pl. suil (i suil). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

gwaew

wind

1) gwaew (i **waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew), 2) sûl (i hûl), pl. suil (i suil**). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.

gwaew

wind

(i ’waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)

gwaeren

windy

(lenited ’waeren; pl. gwaerin)

gwaeron

march

Gwaeron (na **Waeron**)

gwaeron

march

(na ’Waeron)

Adûnaic

manô

noun. spirit

A noun translated “spirit” and fully declined as an example of a Weak II noun (SD/438). It appeared with both a short a (SD/424) and long â (SD/438). Given its ending , it might be a masculine-noun, but it seems unlikely that spirits would only be male. This entry assumes it is a common-noun instead. It is probably related to ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit” as suggested by various authors (AAD/19, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/MAN).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit”

Derivations

  • ✶Ad. manaw “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶Ad. manaw- > manau > manō[manaw] > [manau] > [manō]✧ SD/424
✶Ad. manaw+yi > manau+yi > manōyi > manôi[manawji] > [manauji] > [manōji] > [manōi]✧ SD/424

Variations

  • manō ✧ SD/424
  • mānō ✧ SD/438
Adûnaic [SD/424; SD/438] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bawab

noun. wind

The noun for “wind”, attested only in the plural (bawîb) and subjective plural (bawîba) forms (SD/247, SD/312). Its plural form indicates that it is a strong-noun (Strong I), so its final vowel must be short, but in theory it could be any of a, i or u, each of which would be replaced by long î in plural nouns. Nouns with identical vowels are more common, however, so ✱bawab is the most likely singular form, though as Helge Fauskanger points out (AL/Adûnaic) the normal form could also be the weak noun ✱bawâb with a poetic strong plural (SD/435).

Element in

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/312] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

sūli

noun. wind

Derivatives

  • S. sûl “wind, [strong] wind, *gust”

Elements

WordGloss
“blow, move with audible sound (of air)”
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sūri

noun. wind

Derivations

  • SUR “noise of wind, noise of wind; [ᴱ√] to blow” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

  • Q. súrë “wind, breeze” ✧ NM/237

Variations

  • sūr(i) ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [NM/237; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. wind

Derivations

  • “blow, move with audible sound (of air)”

Derivatives

  • Q. “sound of wind, sound of wind, [ᴱQ.] noise of wind” ✧ VT47/12; VT47/35

Element in

  • sūli “wind” ✧ VT47/35
  • sūri “wind” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/12; VT47/34; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phay

root. spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light

When this root first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/PHAY), it was glossed “radiate, send out rays of light” and its derivatives were consistent with this definition, most notably in N. Feanor “Radiant Sun”. In later writings, this root was instead glossed “spirit” (PM/352), which is the connotation of most of its later derivatives. For example, the later meaning of S. Fëanor was changed to “Spirit of Fire”.

The earlier sense “radiate” probably also survived in Tolkien’s later conception, however. On MR/250, the word Q. fairë “spirit” is said to originally have had the sense “radiance”, which is precisely the meaning that ᴹQ. faire had in The Etymologies. There is also a primitive monosyllable ✶phāy “flame, ray of light” in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s (OP2: PE19/102). If the root meaning “radiate” remains valid, then the word S. ✱fael “gleam of the sun”, an element of S. Faelivrin “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (the second name of Finduilas), might be a derivative of this root.

Derivations

  • PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

  • phaini “vapour” ✧ NM/237
    • S. faen “vapour; [disembodied] spirit” ✧ NM/237
  • phairi “spirit (general)” ✧ NM/237
    • Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance” ✧ NM/237
    • S. faer “spirit (in general)”
  • phanā “veil, cloud” ✧ NM/237
    • Q. fana “raiment, veil; (bright) shape or figure; bodily form of an angelic spirit” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
    • S. fân “(white) cloud; veil, curtain; form or vision of a spiritual being; spirit [embodied]” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
  • phāy “flame, ray of light”
    • Q. “*ray of light, flame” ✧ PE19/104
  • phayā “soul, indwelling spirit” ✧ NM/237
    • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ MR/349; MR/470; NM/237; PE17/124; PE19/104; VT41/14
    • S. fae “incarnate spirit, incarnate spirit, *soul”
  • Q. faila “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352
  • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ PM/352
  • S. fael “gleam of the sun; *gleaming”
  • S. fael “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352

Variations

  • phay ✧ NM/237; NM/237
  • PHAYA ✧ PM/352
Primitive elvish [NM/237; PM/352] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gwaew

noun. wind

Noldorin [Ety/387] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaew

noun. wind

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
    • ᴹ√ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WAIWA > gwaew[waiwa] > [gwaiwa] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]✧ Ety/WĀ

gwaeron

noun. March, *Windy-one

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Súlime “March” ✧ PM/134

Elements

WordGloss
gwaew“wind”
-(r)on“agental suffix”

mân

noun. departed spirit

Noldorin [Ety/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

manaw

noun. spirit

The primitive form of manô “spirit” (SD/424). Its plural form manaw+yi is also attested.

Derivatives

  • Ad. manô “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Variations

  • manaw- ✧ SD/424
Primitive adûnaic [SD/424] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

súlime

noun. March

Cognates

  • N. Gwaeron “March, *Windy-one” ✧ PM/134

Variations

  • Súlimë ✧ PM/134

vaiwa

noun. wind

Cognates

  • N. gwaew “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ
  • Ilk. gwau “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
    • ᴹ√ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WAIWA > waiwa > vaiwa[waiwa] > [vaiwa] > [vaiwa]✧ Ety/WĀ

Doriathrin

gwau

noun. wind

A noun meaning “wind” derived from the root ᴹ√WAW(A) (Ety/WĀ). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]], and after the final vowel vanished, the [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]].

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
    • ᴹ√ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WAWA > gwau[wawa] > [gwawa] > [gwaw] > [gwau]✧ Ety/WĀ
Doriathrin [Ety/WĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

blaith

noun. spirit

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VILI “*air”

Element in

  • G. gumlaith “weariness of spirit, depression, grief” ✧ GL/43; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith
Gnomish [GL/23; GL/43; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwâ

noun. wind

Cognates

  • Eq. “wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo

Element in

Variations

  • Gwa ✧ PE15/26
Gnomish [GG/14; GL/43; LT1A/Súlimo; PE15/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

gwaew

noun. wind

gwá

noun. wind

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind”

Element in

Variations

  • gwaew ✧ MC/217
Early Noldorin [MC/217; PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

súlime

noun. wind

A noun for “wind” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” and connected to the name ᴱQ. Súlimo (QL/86). Later on, Q. Súlimë was used as the name of March (LotR/1110), whereas Q. Súlimo became “Breather” (PE21/85), a combination of Q. súlë (†þúlë) “breath” + Q. mo “person”.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086

Element in

  • Eq. Súlisan “Sunday”
  • Eq. Oresul “Eastwind”
  • Eq. Súlimi “Varda” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086
  • Eq. Súlimo “Manwe” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086
  • Eq. susúlima “full of wind, windy, airy” ✧ QL/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SUHU > sūlime[suxlimē] > [suxlime] > [suɣlime] > [sūlime]✧ QL/086

Variations

  • súlimë ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
  • sūlime ✧ QL/086
Early Quenya [LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lunde susúlima

proper name. March

A name for the month of March in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and susúlima “windy”.

Variations

  • (Lunde) susūlima ✧ QL/056
Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vilisse

noun. spirit

Cognates

  • G. blaith “spirit” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VILI “*air”
Early Quenya [GL/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vanwe

noun. wind

noun. wind

noun. wind

Cognates

  • G. gwâ “wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/102

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√GWĀ > ’wā[gʷā] > [wā]✧ QL/102

Variations

  • ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
  • ✧ PE16/142
  • vanwe ✧ PE16/142
  • ’wā ✧ QL/102
Early Quenya [LT1A/Súlimo; PE16/142; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by