Quenya 

Calainis

may

Calainis _("k")_noun "May" (LT1:252, 254; in Tolkien's later Quenya Lótessë)

mai

if

mai (2) conj. "if" (PE14:59 cf. VT49:20; possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for "if", Tolkien later used qui)

adverb. may (be)

Changes

  • kwí “may” ✧ PE22/154
  • kwí ✧ VT42/34

Cognates

  • S. ce “*might, maybe”

Derivations

  • KE/EKE “may (be); have chance, opportunity or permission; it is open” ✧ PE22/158

Derivatives

  • Q. céla “maybe not” ✧ PE22/158

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
KE > [kē]✧ PE22/158

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/154; PE22/154 (); PE22/158 (); VT42/34; VT42/34; VT49/19
  • ke ✧ VT49/29
Quenya [PE22/154; PE22/158; VT42/34; VT49/19; VT49/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwí

maybe, perhaps

kwí, kwíta, particle indicating uncertainty (evidently like English "maybe, perhaps"). We would expect the spelling quí, quíta (VT42:34). See (which form is perhaps to be preferred)

asta

month

asta (1) noun "month", a division of the year (VT42:20). Pl. astar is attested (Appendix D). According to VT48:11, the basic meaning of asta is "division, a part", especially one of other equal parts: "of the year, a month or period". According to VT48:19, asta is also used in Quenya as a group suffix (see quentasta).

lótessë

noun. May, *(lit.) Flower-ness

Cognates

  • S. Lothron “May, *Flower-ness” ✧ LotR/1110; UTI/Lótessë; UTI/Lothron

Elements

WordGloss
lótë“flower, single blossom, flower, single blossom; [ᴱQ.] bloom”
-ssë“abstract noun”
Quenya [LotR/1110; UTI/Lótessë; UTI/Lothron] Group: Eldamo. Published by

quí(ta)

conjunction. if

ec-

verb. to have a chance of; may, can

Derivations

  • KE/EKE “may (be); have chance, opportunity or permission; it is open” ✧ VT49/20

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ek > eke[ek-]✧ VT49/20

Variations

  • eke ✧ VT49/34
Quenya [VT49/20; VT49/34] Group: Eldamo. Published by

conjunction. if

Derivations

  • KE/EKE “may (be); have chance, opportunity or permission; it is open” ✧ VT49/19

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ke > ke[ke]✧ VT49/19

Variations

  • ✧ VT49/19; VT49/26
  • ke ✧ VT49/19; VT49/19; VTE/42
  • kē̆ ✧ VT49/19
Quenya [VT49/19; VT49/26; VTE/42] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iqui

conjunction. if

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

iqui

conjunction. if

it(ë) Speculative

adverb. if

Element in

  • Q. [[q|[?it/itē] kestallen, tuluvanye]] “if you ask me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/138
  • Q. [[q|aite[?] kestallen]] “now, suppose, you ask me” ✧ PE22/138
  • Q. [[q|aite[?] kestuvallen, tuluvanye]] “now supposing you asked me, a thing unlikely {or ridiculous} to suppose...” ✧ PE22/138

Variations

  • it ✧ PE22/138 (it)
  • itē ✧ PE22/138
  • [i]te ✧ PE22/138 ([i]te)

que

conjunction. if

Quenya [PE 22:97; PE 22:120] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

qui

if

qui conj. "if" (VT49:19)

qui

conjunction. if, when

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

qui

conjunction. if

Cognates

  • ᴺS. pi “if”

Derivations

  • KWI “suppose” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/19

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kwi- > qui[kwi]✧ VT49/19

Variations

  • quī ✧ PE22/140; PE22/158 (quī)
  • kwí ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
  • kwíta ✧ PE22/154; VT42/34
  • quīta ✧ PE22/158 (quīta)
  • quī(ta) ✧ PE22/158 (quī(ta))
  • quíta ✧ PE22/158 (quíta)
  • kwi ✧ PE22/158
  • iqui ✧ PE22/158
Quenya [PE22/140; PE22/154; PE22/158; VT42/34; VT49/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

maer

adjective. excellent

_ adj. _excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. >> maer-, maeron

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:163] < MAY excellent, admirable. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lothron

noun. the month of May

Sindarin [LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lothron

noun. May, *Flower-ness

@@@ GS/363 raun

Cognates

  • Q. Lótessë “May, *(lit.) Flower-ness” ✧ LotR/1110; UTI/Lótessë; UTI/Lothron

Elements

WordGloss
loth“flower, single blossom; inflorescence, head of small flowers”
-(r)on“agental suffix”
Sindarin [LotR/1110; UTI/Lótessë; UTI/Lothron] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raud

excellent

_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < AR. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

narwain

noun. the month of January

Sindarin [LotR/D] naur+gwain "new sun". Group: SINDICT. Published by

pi

adverb. if

Cognates

  • Q. qui “if”

Derivations

  • KWI “suppose”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

lothron

may

Lothron

lothron

may

ae

lE conjunction. if, supposing

Cognate of Q. ai.

Sindarin [PE22] Group: Neologism. Published by

ae

conjunction. if

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ranoth

noun. month

Elements

WordGloss
RAN“wander, stray, meander, go on an uncertain course, go aside from a course (commanded or self-chosen); err”

adverb/conjunction. may, might, maybe, perhaps, if

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Adûnaic

kan-

verb. to hold

A verb translated “hold”, given by Tolkien as an example of a biconsonantal-verb (SD/439). There is unfortunately no information on how it might be conjugated.

Variations

  • kan ✧ SD/439

Primitive elvish

may

root. excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right

A root appearing in Tolkien’s later writings with a variety of glosses: √MAY “make (in artistic sense as ποιήτης [Greek: make, create])” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 (PE17/145, 163), {√MAGA >>} √(A)MAY “suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 but this note was crossed through (PE17/172), √MAY “excellent, admirable” elsewhere in DLN (PE17/172), again as √MAY “excellent, admirable” in notes contemporaneous to the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (PE17/150, 163) and finally as √MAY “beautiful” in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/18).

Two notable derivatives of √MAY were S. mae “well” (PE17/17, 163) and Q. Maia (PE17/163; VT47/18), but elsewhere these two words were derived from the root √MAG “good (useful)” (PE17/16, 162; PE19/46, 62, 75, 94). In the aforementioned notes from the late 1960s, however, Tolkien said “maga was distinct from maʒa and maya” (VT48/18). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root √MAY was distinct from √MAG, having the meaning “excellent, admirable, beautiful” and by extension the creation of beautiful things such as art, to allow the retention of 1957 words like Q. maitar “artist” (PE17/163).

A possible precursor to this root is unglossed ᴱ√MAẎA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. mai “too much” and ᴱQ. maira “excessive, strong” (QL/60); perhaps a more extreme version of its later sense “excellent”. The entry also included ᴱQ. mairu “(horse ?); mane, flowing hair”, but Tolkien marked this word with a “?”, perhaps indicating he was unsure it was from this root (QL/60).

Derivatives

  • mai “well”
    • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/016; PE17/017
  • Māya ✧ VT47/18
    • Q. Maia “(angelic) spirit, the Beautiful” ✧ PE19/075; PE19/094
  • Q. mai “well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much” ✧ PE17/162
  • Q. mai- “excellent, admirable, excellent, admirable; *well, happily” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. amya- “excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. Maia “(angelic) spirit, the Beautiful” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/163
  • Q. maina “thing of excellence, treasure” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. maira “admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/172
  • Q. mairë “work of high and beautiful art, the process of producing a work” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. mairëa “beautiful (of things made by art)” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. maitar “artist; poet” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. ein- “excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. maen “a treasure” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. maer “good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)” ✧ PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/163
  • S. maeron “artist, poet” ✧ PE17/163

Element in

  • Q. maita- “to make with art, design, compose” ✧ PE17/163

Variations

  • (A)MAY ✧ PE17/146; PE17/172 ((A)MAY)
  • maya ✧ VT47/18
  • may ✧ VT47/18
Primitive elvish [PE17/145; PE17/146; PE17/150; PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/172; VT47/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

lothron

noun. May, *Flower-ness

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Lótesse “May, *(lit.) Flower-ness” ✧ PM/134

Elements

WordGloss
lhoth“flower(s)”
-(r)on“agental suffix”

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

nótuile

noun. May, *After-spring

Elements

WordGloss
“yester-, *after”
tuile“spring, spring-time”

Variations

  • Nótuilë ✧ PM/135

lótesse

noun. May, *(lit.) Flower-ness

Cognates

  • N. Lothron “May, *Flower-ness” ✧ PM/134

Variations

  • Lótessë ✧ PM/134

qe

conjunction. if

Changes

  • queit “if” ✧ PE22/138

Element in

Variations

  • que ✧ PE22/138 (Q. que)
Qenya [PE22/097; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/122; PE22/138] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ranoth

noun. month

Gnomish [GL/64; LT1A/Rána] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ranuin

masculine name. Month

Changes

  • RanosRanuin ✧ LT1/222
  • RanothRanos ✧ LT1/222
  • RônRanoth ✧ LT1/222
  • RanothRanuin ✧ LT1A/Rána
  • RanosRanuin ✧ LT1I/Ranuin
  • RanothRanuin ✧ LT1I/Ranuin
  • RônRanuin ✧ LT1I/Ranuin

Variations

  • Ranos ✧ LT1/222 (Ranos); LT1I/Ranuin (Ranos)
  • Ranoth ✧ LT1/222 (Ranoth); LT1A/Rána (Ranoth); LT1I/Ranuin (Ranoth)
  • Rôn ✧ LT1/222 (Rôn); LT1I/Ranuin (Rôn)
Gnomish [LT1/217; LT1/222; LT1A/Rána; LT1I/Ranuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

kalainis

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/44), an abstract noun formation from kalaine “serenity, serene”.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” ✧ LT1A/Erinti; LT1A/Galmir
Early Quenya [LT1A/Erinti; LT1A/Galmir; PME/044; QL/044] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lotession

proper name. May

Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lunde kalaina

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and kalain(e)a “serene” similar to another name of this month: Kalainis.

Variations

  • (Lunde) kalaina ✧ QL/056
Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lunde lótea

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and lótea “full of blossom”.

Variations

  • (lunde) lótea ✧ QL/056
  • (Lunde) lōtea ✧ QL/056
Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yava-

verb. to hold

Variations

  • yava ✧ PE16/133
Early Quenya [PE16/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ki

particle. may; particle of uncertainty

Changes

  • keki ✧ PE14/059

Element in

Variations

  • ke ✧ PE14/059 (ke)
Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by