A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).
Sindarin
maud
maud
maud
?. [unglossed]
madu
?. [unglossed]
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
amorvad
noun. breakfast
Noldorin
borth
?. [unglossed]
clei
?. [unglossed]
coen
?. [unglossed]
diragas
?. [unglossed]
mauth
?. [unglossed]
menwed
?. [unglossed]
nith
?. [unglossed]
nithrad
?. [unglossed]
níth
?. [unglossed]
porennin
?. [unglossed]
telwen
?. [unglossed]
Adûnaic
asdi
?. [unglossed]
sapda
?. [unglossed]
A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).
Primitive elvish
lemek
root. [unglossed]
An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.
phut
root. [unglossed]
An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).
sal
root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre
The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.
stuk
root. [unglossed]
tig
root. [unglossed]
A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).
graw Reconstructed
root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart
This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).
Quenya
amya-
verb. [unglossed]
arra
adjective. [unglossed]
cairë
?. [unglossed]
conta-
verb. [unglossed]
cúma
noun. [unglossed]
felca
adjective. [unglossed]
felehta-
verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine
An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.
finca
noun. [unglossed]
hendas
?. [unglossed]
hindo
noun. [unglossed]
hindë
noun. [unglossed]
holdë
noun. [unglossed]
háro
?. [unglossed]
lingi-
verb. [unglossed]
maitya
?. [unglossed]
malsa
?. [unglossed]
melya-
verb. [unglossed], *to be in love
naue
?. [unglossed]
sal-
verb. [unglossed]
sélo
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
tomba
noun. [unglossed]
tompë
noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat
@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20
um(ba)-
prefix. [unglossed]
umbacarin
noun. [unglossed]
éna
?. [unglossed]
úpa-
verb. [unglossed]
þúna
?. [unglossed]
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Gnomish
maudrimad
noun. breakfast
A noun appearing as G. maudrimad “breakfast” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. maudri “early morn before dawn” and G. mâd “meal” (GL/57).
Neo-Sindarin: I would update this word to ᴺS. amorvad “breakfast” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using my preferred neologism ᴺS. amor for “morning”.
maudra-
verb. be early, come first; to prefer, to be preferred
maudri
noun. early morn before dawn, time before first meal
maudrin
adjective. early, betimes, up early; premature
maudro
adverb. sooner, earlier; rather
maurin
adjective. early, betimes, up early; premature
beb
adverb. [unglossed]
brid-
verb. [unglossed]
clidhron
noun. [unglossed]
climbol
noun. [unglossed]
dôn
?. [unglossed]
fî
noun. [unglossed]
gatha
?. [unglossed]
@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant
pad
noun. [unglossed]
praust
noun. [unglossed]
prog
noun. [unglossed]
rab-
verb. [unglossed]
rô
noun. [unglossed]
sind
noun. [unglossed]
sinthi
pronoun. [unglossed]
thail
noun. [unglossed]
thel
noun. [unglossed]
thelg
noun. [unglossed]
thil
noun. [unglossed]
thion
noun. [unglossed]
thrim
?. [unglossed]
thû-
verb. [unglossed]
trum
?. [unglossed]
tûn
noun. [unglossed]
ulthanc
noun. [unglossed]
umeg
?. [unglossed]
’ôs
noun. [unglossed]
Early Noldorin
ai-
prefix. [unglossed]
bailchir
noun. [unglossed]
bhraig
?. [unglossed]
A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.
bhregint
?. [unglossed]
bhreigros
?. [unglossed]
blaithrod
?. [unglossed]
braith
?. [unglossed]
A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.
Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
braithgair
noun. [unglossed]
cai
?. [unglossed]
caiad
?. [unglossed]
celin
?. [unglossed]
ciann
?. [unglossed]
delin
?. [unglossed]
ei-
prefix. [unglossed]
farn
?. [unglossed]
fedhui
adjective. [unglossed]
flair
?. [unglossed]
flaith
?. [unglossed]
floth
?. [unglossed]
fraith
?. [unglossed]
geryd
?. [unglossed]
glaith
?. [unglossed]
glaithfedhui
?. [unglossed]
glewin
?. [unglossed]
glich
?. [unglossed]
gû
?. [unglossed]
harn
?. [unglossed]
hî
adjective. [unglossed]
isteth
?. [unglossed]
laus
?. [unglossed]
leus
?. [unglossed]
lhuaith
?. [unglossed]
lhû
noun. [unglossed]
luaith
?. [unglossed]
nelyn
?. [unglossed]
pap-
verb. [unglossed]
pethil
noun. [unglossed]
raith
noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope
scarn
?. [unglossed]
stroth
?. [unglossed]
tharn
?. [unglossed]
thesg
?. [unglossed]
thrand
?. [unglossed]
thrann
?. [unglossed]
tû
?. [unglossed]
Early Primitive Elvish
-yǝ
suffix. [unglossed]
lepse
?. [unglossed]
lopse
?. [unglossed]
saw̯a
root. [unglossed]
An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).
sivi
root. [unglossed]
Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).
teled-
noun. [unglossed]
tołᵂo
root. [unglossed]
An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with ẇ = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.
toẇo
root. [unglossed]
tḷkḷ
root. [unglossed]
Early Quenya
alle
?. [unglossed]
anaukante
?. [unglossed]
angwe
?. [unglossed]
anwe
?. [unglossed]
aukaine
?. [unglossed]
eant
?. [unglossed]
ematte
?. [unglossed]
fingwe
?. [unglossed]
hingwe
?. [unglossed]
hyanta
?. [unglossed]
intya
?. [unglossed]
ka
?. [unglossed]
laisifalle
noun. [unglossed]
lantanwa
adjective. [unglossed]
las
noun. [unglossed]
lilyen
?. [unglossed]
linqarassea
adjective. [unglossed]
lossiattea
?. [unglossed]
lungwe
?. [unglossed]
láwakéle
?. [unglossed]
min-
verb. [unglossed]
nauto
noun. [unglossed]
nawa-
verb. [unglossed]
nierme
?. [unglossed]
ningwe
?. [unglossed]
nyúken
?. [unglossed]
pingwe
?. [unglossed]
porokoi
?. [unglossed]
pundo
noun. [unglossed]
póya
adjective. [unglossed]
ralle
?. [unglossed]
saile
noun. [unglossed]
saqa-
verb. [unglossed]
sauke
?. [unglossed]
sinqita-
verb. [unglossed]
sivilda
?. [unglossed]
súlimarya
?. [unglossed]
súme
?. [unglossed]
talarin
adjective. [unglossed]
tantilta-
verb. [unglossed]
tirípti
?. [unglossed]
toron
?. [unglossed]
tultárie
adjective. [unglossed]
tyanta
?. [unglossed]
táne
adjective. [unglossed]
tánie
adjective. [unglossed]
ukárele
noun. [unglossed]
umpai
?. [unglossed]
upaitya-
verb. [unglossed]
usult
?. [unglossed]
valle
?. [unglossed]
vingwe
?. [unglossed]
yu
?. [unglossed]
Qenya
a
preposition. [unglossed]
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
engwa
?. [unglossed]
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nerno
?. [unglossed]
niule
?. [unglossed]
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
rampa
?. [unglossed]
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
séra
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tante
noun. [unglossed]
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
éma
?. [unglossed]
Middle Primitive Elvish
auluta-
verb. [unglossed]
bay
root. [unglossed]
iw
root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish
kaltwa
?. [unglossed]
khlip
root. [unglossed]
An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).
kōmā
noun. [unglossed]
maiga
root. [unglossed]
An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.
phan
root. [unglossed]
A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).
skil
root. [unglossed]
A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).
stin
root. [unglossed]
stā
root. [unglossed]
torōmā
noun. [unglossed]
uruk
root. [unglossed]
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).
us
root. [unglossed]
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).
Ancient quenya
caia-
verb. [unglossed]
>> madu. This gloss was rejected.