lir'

lir'

lir' ??? (Narqelion)

lirulin

noun. lark

A word for “lark” appearing in the manuscript draft of Laws and Customs among the Eldar from the late 1950s (MR/238), also mentioned in the tale Of Finwë and Míriel (MR/262), apparently a combination of the roots √LIR and √LIN having to do with singing.

Conceptual Development: In Laws and Customs among the Eldar this word was first written as Q. {aimenel >>} aimenal before being replaced by lirulin (MR/252 note #6). In documents from the 1910s and 20s, Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambarin as the word for “lark” (PE13/110, 159).

lir-

to chant

lir- vb. "to chant" (1st pers. aorist lirin "I chant, I sing") (LIR1, GLIR)

lirilla

lay, song

lirilla noun "lay, song" (LT1:258)

lirit

poem

lirit noun "poem" (LT1:258)

lirulin

lark

lirulin noun "lark" (MR:238, 262), changed from aimenel, aimenal

lir-

verb. to sing, to sing, [ᴹQ.] chant

liralë

noun. merry singing

liru-

verb. to sing, to sing (gaily)

lirale

noun. merry singing

liru-

verb. sing (gaily)

lairë

poem

lairë (2) noun "poem" (GLIR)

lírë

noun. song

lírë

song

lírë noun "song", stem #líri- in the instrumental form lírinen "in [the] song" or *"by [the] song" (Nam, RGEO:67)

lirusta

noun. singing, chant

lindë-

sing

lindë- vb. ?"sing" (LT1:258; in LotR-style Quenya lir- or #linda-)

aimenal

aimenal

aimenal, aimenel - see lirulin

filincë

noun. finch

A word for “finch” appearing in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936 and Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, derived form the root √PHILIK (PE21/56, 72). See also ᴹQ. filit “sparrow, small bird”.

Conceptual Development: In the early 1930s document Declension of Nouns, Tolkien gave ᴹQ. liri for “finch”.

aimenal

noun. lark

cainë

lay

cainë "lay", pa.t. of caita- "lie", q.v.

cairë

lay

cairë _("k")_vb. "lay" (pa.t. of "lie") (MC:221; this is "Qenya" - in LotR-style Quenya cainë pa.t. of caita?) An word cairë with no clear definition appears in PE17:101; see cëa, cairë.

lin-

sing

[lin- (2) vb. "sing" (GLIN, struck out)]

líruima

adjective. able to be sung

tindon

lay

tindon pa.t. vb? "lay" (???) (MC:220; this is "Qenya")

téma

row, series, line

téma noun "row, series, line" (pl. témar attested) (TEÑ, Appendix E)

lir

root. sing, warble, sing, warble, [ᴹ√] trill

A root connected to singing for all of Tolkien’s life (Ety/GLIR, LIR¹; PE17/27, 67), though its earliest precursor was ᴱ√LIŘI [LIÐI] and thus did not contain the consonant R (QL/54). For further discussion, see √LIN “sing, make a musical sound”.

liru-

verb. to sing gaily

liru

verb. sing gaily

glin(d)

root. sing

lind

root. sing

philik

root. finch, finch, [ᴹ√] small bird

This root first appeared as ᴹ√PHILIK “small bird” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives ᴹQ. filit and N. fileg of the same meaning (Ety/PHILIK). The root also appeared in the contemporaneous Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants with an extra gloss “sparrow”, a deleted variant spilik-, and some additional (unglossed) derivatives ᴹQ. filinke and N. flinc (PE21/56). The root and these last two derivatives reappeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, in this document with the gloss “finch” (PE21/71-72, 80-81). Note that a likely early precursor to all these words was G. bilinc “sparrow, bird (small)” (GL/23).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is best to assume the root √PHILIK = “small bird”, with ᴹQ. filit/N. fileg = “sparrow” and Q. filincë/S. flinc = “finch”.

philinki

noun. finch

teg

root. line

Tolkien used a number of similar roots as the basis for “line” words throughout his life. The earliest of these appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as ᴱ√TEHE [teχe] “pull” (gloss marked with a “?” by Tolkien) with derivatives like ᴱQ. tea “straight”, ᴱQ. telya “attractive; importunate”, and ᴱQ. tie “line, direction, route, road” (QL/90), the last of these surviving more or less unchanged all the way into the published version of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). The early root ᴱ√TEHE also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tê “mark, line; track; path”, G. tî or tion “straight”, and G. tîr “honest; esteem, regard, honour”, originally “straight, upright” (GL/69, 71). Primitive ᴱ✶tegna > ᴱQ. tína/ᴱN. tain “straight” from Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s may represent a shift in the form of the root to ✱ᴱ√TEGE (PE13/153, 165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as {ᴹ√TEƷ >>} ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tie/N. tê “line, way” and ᴹQ. téra/N. tîr “straight, right” (Ety/TEƷ, TEÑ). In the Outline of Phonology Tolkien gave √TEG “line”, whereas √TEÑ was given as the basis for Q. tenna “a thought, notion, idea” and thus clearly with a different meaning; see the entry √TEÑ for further discussion. In any case it is clear that Tolkien considered various ancient velar consonants for the second consonant of this root, all ultimately vanishing in the child languages with similar vocalic effects: 1910s teχ-, 1920s teg-, 1930s {teʒ- >>} teñ- and 1950s teg-.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root was √TEƷ in order to preserve the validity of the word téma “series”. This is because Tolkien kept vacillating on the development of gm, but usually had gm > ngw, so that teg-mā > tengwa, not téma.

liria-

verb. to sing

glir-

verb. to sing, recite poem

glir-

verb. to sing, trill, to recite a poem

The form glin in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:15

lhîr

noun. row

glaer

noun. long lay, narrative poem

Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/45:15

glin-

verb. to sing

glîr

noun. song, poem, lay

lhaer

noun. song, long lay

lhîr

noun. song, poem, lay

lhîr

noun. row, range

tê

noun. line, way

tî

noun. line, row

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

lîr

noun. song, poem, lay

lîr

noun. row, range

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

glir

recite poem

(i ’lîr, in glirir) (sing)

glir

sing

1) glir- (i **lîr, in glirir) (recite poem), 2) linna- (i linna, i linnar**) (chant)

glir

sing

(i ’lîr, in glirir) (recite poem)

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

glîr

poem

glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (song, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**.

glîr

poem

(i ’lîr, construct glir) (song, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath.

glîr

song

1) glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also HYMN regarding the word aerlinn**.

glîr

song

(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2)  laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also

glîr

lay

glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**;

glîr

lay

(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath;

linnon

verb. I sing

aerlinn

noun. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song)

flinc

noun. finch

A word for a “finch” appearing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s, derived from primitive ✶philinki (PE21/72, 81). N. flinc also appeared in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936, but there the word was unglossed.

laer

noun. song, long lay

laer

noun. song

linna-

verb. to sing

linna-

verb. sing

linna-

verb. to sing, chant

linnathon

verb. I will sing, I will chant

amrent

noun. lark

anc

row of teeth

(jaw), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

glaer

narrative poem

(i ’laer) (long lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer). Verb

glaer

long lay

(i ’laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer)

linna

sing

(i linna, i linnar) (chant)

linna

chant

(i linna, i linnar) (sing)

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

tê

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

tî

row

tî (i dî, o thî) (line), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath;

tî

row

(i dî, o thî) (line), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath;

tî

line

(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.