Quenya 

Ingwë

chief

Ingwë masc. name, "chief", name of the "prince of Elves" _(PM:340, ING, WEG, VT45:18). Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the Vanyar called themselves (so in PM:340, but in PM:332 the plural has the more regular form Ingwi). Ingwë Ingweron "chief of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king (PM:340)_. In the Etymologies, Ingwë is also said to be the name of a symbol used in writing: a short carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting short i (VT45:18).

ingwë

masculine name. Chief

Lord of the first tribe of the Elves and the high king of Elvenkind (S/52, 62). His name is ancient and its original meaning is unclear, but it is sometimes translated as “Chief”, and is interpreted as a combination of the root √ING “first, foremost” and the suffix -wë common in ancient names (PM/340).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this character was first named ᴱQ. Ing, but this was soon changed to ᴱQ. Inwe (LT1/22). The form become ᴹQ. Ingwe in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/13, LR/214), and the derivation for Ingwë discussed above had already emerged in The Etymologies (Ety/ING, WEG).

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
INGhighest, top, highest, top; [ᴹ√] first, foremost”
-wë“ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)”
Quenya [MRI/Ingwë; PM/340; PMI/Ingwë; SI/Ingwë; WJI/Ingwë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lingwë

fish

lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)

lingwë

noun. fish

A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish”

Element in

#turco

chief

#turco (1) noun "chief" (isolated from Turcomund "chief bull", Letters:423). Turco, masc. name, see Turcafinwë.

turco

noun. chief

Derivations

  • TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”

Element in

  • S. Turcomund “Chief of Bulls” ✧ Let/423

Variations

  • Turco ✧ Let/423 (Turco)

nixi

name. fish

Quenya [PE 22:125] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

héra

chief, principal

héra adj. "chief, principal" (KHER)

-a

it is said

-r nominative plural ending regularly used on nouns ending in -a, -i, -, -o, -u, e.g. Ainur, Valar, tier. Occasionally it is added also to nouns ending in -ë (that normally take the ending -I in the pl.). This seems to regularly happen in the case of nouns in - (see #fintalë, mallë, tyellë), sometimes also otherwise (see Ingwë, wendë, essë #1). This plural ending was ("it is said") first used by the Noldor (PM:402).

Ingwë

Ingwë

In the Etymologies, Ingwe is said to be a compound of ing ("first") + the ending -we (Quenya "man").

Quenya [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

Sindarin 

lim

noun. fish

Sindarin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

main

chief

(adj.) main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)

main

chief

(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)

lim

noun. fish

Element in

  • ᴺS. limmeg “young fish, small fry”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

hâl

fish

(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

hâl

fish

(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

Noldorin 

imbe

masculine name. Ingwë

@@@

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶Ingwege “Ingwe” ✧ EtyAC/ING

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ingwege > Imbe[iŋgwege] > [imbege] > [imbeɣe] > [imbe]✧ EtyAC/ING
Noldorin [EtyAC/ING] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hâl

noun. fish

Noldorin [VT/45:20] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hâl

noun. fish

A noun for “fish” appearing on the front page of The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khala (EtyAC/KHAL¹). As such, it was probably based on the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but may have transferred to ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” when Tolkien revised that root (Ety/SKAL²).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
    • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

  • N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
  • ᴺS. torchal “shark or other large predatory fish”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶khala > hâl[kʰala] > [xala] > [xal] > [xāl] > [hāl]✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Noldorin [EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhim

noun. fish

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhim

noun. fish

A noun appearing as N. lhim “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi of the same meaning (Ety/LIW), where the labialized velar ñw (> ñgw) became the labial m (< mb) and the initial l unvoiced to lh.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ing “fish” (GL/51), cognate to ᴱQ. ingwe of the same meaning (QL/43). In Gnomish labialized velars only became labials in limited circumstances, so the primitive ng survived.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. lim “fish” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

  • N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > lhim[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [limbe] > [limb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imm] > [l̥im]✧ Ety/LIW
Noldorin [Ety/LIW; Ety/LOK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhimb

noun. fish

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

ingwe

masculine name. Prince of Elves

Cognates

  • En. In(g) ✧ SMI/Ing; SM/013; SM/084

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ING“first, foremost”
-we“abstract suffix”

Variations

  • Ingwë ✧ LBI/Ingwë; LBI/Inwë; LR/165; LR/171; LR/193; LRI/Ingwë; LT1I/Ingwë; LT1I/Inwë; LT2I/Ingwë; LT2I/Inwë; SM/013; SM/084; SMI/Ing; SMI/Ingwë
Qenya [Ety/ING; Ety/WEG; EtyAC/ING; LBI/Ingwë; LBI/Inwë; LR/165; LR/171; LR/193; LRI/Ingwë; LT1I/Ingwë; LT1I/Inwë; LT2I/Ingwë; LT2I/Inwë; PE22/023; SM/013; SM/084; SMI/Ing; SMI/Ingwë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lingwe

noun. fish

Cognates

  • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lingwe[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋge]✧ Ety/LIW

káno

noun. chief

Changes

  • kánokáne “chief” ✧ Ety/KAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAN > káno[kānō] > [kāno]✧ Ety/KAN

Doriathrin

líw

noun. fish

A Doriathrin noun for “fish” derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi (Ety/LIW). It is the clearest example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/líw). @@@ same development in ᴱN hiw PE13/147

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as rejected ling (EtyAC/LIW), probably reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the development of [-ŋgw-] in Ilkorin.

Changes

  • linglíw ✧ Ety/LIW

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ EtyAC/LIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > líw[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [līwe] > [līw]✧ Ety/LIW
ᴹ√LINGWI > ling[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [liŋge] > [liŋg]✧ EtyAC/LIW

Variations

  • ling ✧ EtyAC/LIW (Dor. ling)
Doriathrin [Ety/LIW; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ingwege

masculine name. Ingwe

Derivatives

  • N. Imbe “Ingwë” ✧ EtyAC/ING

Variations

  • ingwege ✧ EtyAC/ING (ingwege)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/ING] Group: Eldamo. Published by

liñwi

noun. fish

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivatives

  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skala

noun. fish

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • N. hâl “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

Variations

  • khala ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ing

noun. fish

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IWI “*fish”

Element in

  • G. igli “young of fish, small fry” ✧ GL/51

thegor

noun. chief

Gnomish [GL/72; LT1A/Cûm a Thegranaithos] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ingwe

noun. fish

Changes

  • engweingwe ✧ PE16/145

Cognates

  • G. ing “fish”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IWI “*fish” ✧ QL/043

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√IWI > ingwe[iŋwi] > [iŋwe] > [iŋgwe]✧ QL/043

Variations

  • engwe ✧ PE16/145 (engwe)
Early Quenya [PE16/145; PME/043; QL/043; QL/049; QL/091; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by