hó

spirit, shadow

hó noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)

hó

noun. hound (or ?heart)

rama-

to shout

rama- vb. "to shout" (LT1:259)

hú

noun. hound (or ?heart)

A Quenya word hú glossed as either “hound” or “heart” (according to Christopher Gilson) appearing in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s exploring the possible origins of S. huorn (PE17/86). This was followed by an unglossed variant form Q. hó, apparently derived from khōgo. Tolkien seems to have vacillated between primitive roots √KHUG/KHOG (the former being the basis for “dog” words in The Etymologies) or √KHON (the basis for “heart” words in The Etymologies), connections that were also pointed out by Christopher Gilson.

Neo-Quenya: Giving the tenuous nature of this word, I’d stick to better defined ᴹQ. huo “dog” from The Etymologies for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

• S. hû “hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay”
• ✶khōgo ✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hó ✧ PE17/086

þúlë

noun. spirit

súlë

spirit, breath

súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.

fëa

spirit

fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.

vilissë

spirit

vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)

hó

noun. owl

Derivations

• √KHOL “crow, cry aloud”

hollë

noun. shout

Derivations

• √KHOL “crow, cry aloud”

hû

noun. hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart

A noun appearing as N. hû “dog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). The same form hû appeared in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s with a gloss that might be “hound” or might be “heart”, according to Christopher Gilson (PE17/86). This later hû form was derived from ✶khōgo, which makes me think “hound” is the more likely meaning given the primitive form’s resemblance to ᴹ√KHUG.

Conceptual Development: G. hû “dog” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), but in this period was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√SAẆA (QL/82).

Cognates

• Q. hú “hound (or ?heart)” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• ✶khōgo ✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hû ✧ PE17/086

hû

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

hû

noun. spirit, shadow

Derivations

• ✶hyōba “spirit, shadow” ✧ PE17/086

Element in

• S. huorn “?spirit tree” ✧ PE17/086

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶hō > hû	[kʰō] > [xō] > [xū] > [hū]	✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hû ✧ PE17/086

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

faer

noun. spirit

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

can

shout

(i gân, i chenir) (cry out, call). Adj.

caun

shout

(i gaun, o chaun) (clamour, outcry, cry), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter is used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".

glam

shouting

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

rûkh

noun. shout

A word glossed “shout” (SD/426). Andreas Moehn suggested (EotAL/RUKH) that it may be a verb rûkh- “to shout”, but it appears in a list of nouns, so I think it likelier that it is noun form.

Variations

• rūkh ✧ SD/426

manô

noun. spirit

A noun translated “spirit” and fully declined as an example of a Weak II noun (SD/438). It appeared with both a short a (SD/424) and long â (SD/438). Given its ending -ô, it might be a masculine-noun, but it seems unlikely that spirits would only be male. This entry assumes it is a common-noun instead. It is probably related to ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit” as suggested by various authors (AAD/19, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/MAN).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit”

Derivations

• ✶Ad. manaw “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶Ad. manaw- > manau > manō	[manaw] > [manau] > [manō]	✧ SD/424
✶Ad. manaw+yi > manau+yi > manōyi > manôi	[manawji] > [manauji] > [manōji] > [manōi]	✧ SD/424

Variations

• manō ✧ SD/424
• mānō ✧ SD/438

hyōba

noun. spirit, shadow

Derivatives

• S. hû “spirit, shadow” ✧ PE17/086

Variations

• hō ✧ PE17/086

phay

root. spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light

When this root first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/PHAY), it was glossed “radiate, send out rays of light” and its derivatives were consistent with this definition, most notably in N. Feanor “Radiant Sun”. In later writings, this root was instead glossed “spirit” (PM/352), which is the connotation of most of its later derivatives. For example, the later meaning of S. Fëanor was changed to “Spirit of Fire”.

The earlier sense “radiate” probably also survived in Tolkien’s later conception, however. On MR/250, the word Q. fairë “spirit” is said to originally have had the sense “radiance”, which is precisely the meaning that ᴹQ. faire had in The Etymologies. There is also a primitive monosyllable ✶phāy “flame, ray of light” in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s (OP2: PE19/102). If the root meaning “radiate” remains valid, then the word S. ✱fael “gleam of the sun”, an element of S. Faelivrin “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (the second name of Finduilas), might be a derivative of this root.

Derivations

• √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

• ✶phaini “vapour” ✧ NM/237
  • S. faen “vapour; [disembodied] spirit” ✧ NM/237
• ✶phairi “spirit (general)” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance” ✧ NM/237
  • S. faer “spirit (in general)”
• ✶phanā “veil, cloud” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fana “raiment, veil; (bright) shape or figure; bodily form of an angelic spirit” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
  • S. fân “(white) cloud; veil, curtain; form or vision of a spiritual being; spirit [embodied]” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
• ✶phāy “flame, ray of light”
  • Q. fá “*ray of light, flame” ✧ PE19/104
• ✶phayā “soul, indwelling spirit” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ MR/349; MR/470; NM/237; PE17/124; PE19/104; VT41/14
  • S. fae “incarnate spirit, incarnate spirit, *soul”
• Q. faila “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352
• Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ PM/352
• S. fael “gleam of the sun; *gleaming”
• S. fael “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352

Variations

• phay ✧ NM/237; NM/237
• PHAYA ✧ PM/352

mân

noun. departed spirit