Quenya 

tir-

watch, watch over, guard, heed

tir- vb. "watch, watch over, guard, heed", 1st pers. aorist tirin "I watch", pa.t. tirnë (TIR), imperative tira (VT47:31) or á tirë (PE17:94), future tense tiruva "shall heed" in Markirya (also MC:213, 214); also in CO with pronominal endings: tiruvantes "they will guard it" (tir-uva-nte-s "guard-will-they-it"). The stem also occurs in palantíri (q.v.), Tirion place-name "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves (SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City")

tir-

verb. to watch (over), guard, heed; to look (at), gaze, observe, to watch (over), guard, heed; to look (at), gaze, observe; [ᴱQ.] to keep, preserve

Derivations

  • √TIR “watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at, watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at; [ᴹ√] guard” ✧ PE22/155; SA/tir

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TIR > tirila[tinwe]✧ PE22/155
√tir > tir[tinwe]✧ SA/tir

Variations

  • tir ✧ SA/tir
Quenya [MC/222; PE17/025; PE17/086; PE17/094; PE22/155; SA/tir; UT/305; UT/317; VT47/31] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cenda-

watch

cenda- vb. "watch" (not "guard", but observe to gain information), also used = "read". Cenda = also noun "reading", as in sanwecenda "thought-inspection, thought-reading". (VT41:5, PE17:156)

tiris

watch, vigil

tiris (tiriss-), also tirissë, noun "watch, vigil" (LT1:258, QL:93)

tirista

noun. *watch, guard

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

varno

noun. protector, guard

Derivations

  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

varyando

noun. protector

Elements

WordGloss
varya-“to protect”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

tiria-

verb. to watch, gaze; to ward, guard

Element in

Variations

  • tíria ✧ PE17/025
Sindarin [LB/354; Let/279; Let/427; LotR/0238; LotR/0729; PE17/025; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/65] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tir-

verb. to look (towards), watch (over), guard, to look (towards), watch (over), guard; [G.] to look (out) for, watch for, await, expect

Derivations

  • √TIR “watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at, watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at; [ᴹ√] guard” ✧ Let/427

Element in

  • S. amdir “hope [based on reason], (lit.) looking up, hope [based on reason], *expectation, (lit.) looking up” ✧ MR/320
  • S. a tiro nin, Fanuilos “o guard me, Elbereth” ✧ LotR/0729; PE17/095; RGEO/64
  • S. ethir “spy”
  • S. Gwahaedir “?Far Watcher”
  • S. Talath Dirnen “Guarded Plain” ✧ S/168
  • S. tirnen “guarded” ✧ S/168

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TIR > tĭro[tir-]✧ Let/427
Sindarin [Let/279; Let/427; LotR/0729; MR/320; PE17/095; RGEO/64; RGEO/65; S/168] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirith

noun. watching, guarding, watch, ward, guard

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
TIR“watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at, watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at; [ᴹ√] guard”
-th“abstract noun”

Variations

  • tĭrith ✧ PE17/025; PE17/031
  • Tirith ✧ RC/772
Sindarin [PE17/025; PE17/031; RC/772; SA/sîr; VT42/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirith

noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance

Sindarin [Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tirith

watch

{1st ĭ}_n._watch, ward, guard. >> tíria, Minas Tirith

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:31] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hebin

verb. I keep, I have kept

Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, hab- or hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form

Sindarin [ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heb

keep

(verb) 1) heb- (i chêb, i chebir) (retain); 2) gartha- (defend) (i **artha, i ngarthar** = i ñarthar). Noun

heb

keep

(i chêb, i chebir) (retain)

tir-

guard

_(verb) 1) tir- (cited in the form _tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)

tir-

guard

(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)

tirith

guard, guarding

(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)

gartha

keep

(defend) (i ’artha, i ngarthar = i ñarthar). Noun

band

safekeeping

(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

tir-

watch (over)

tir- (cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.

tir-

watch

(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.

tiria

watch

1) tiria- (guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar). 2)

tiria

watch

(guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar).

tirith

watch, watching

(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)

Noldorin 

tirith

noun. watch, guard

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tiriste “*watch, guard” ✧ PE22/125

Element in

Variations

  • Tirith ✧ PE22/125
Noldorin [Ety/TIR; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirith

noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance

Noldorin [Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tir-

verb. to watch, to gaze, look at

Noldorin [Ety/394] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tir-

verb. to watch

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tir- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TIR “watch, guard” ✧ Ety/TIR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TIR > tiri[tir-]✧ Ety/TIR
Noldorin [Ety/TIR; EtyAC/NDI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tiria-

verb. to watch, to gaze, look at

Noldorin [Ety/394] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tiria-

verb. to watch

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tir- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TIR “watch, guard” ✧ Ety/TIR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TIR > tirio[tirja-] > [tiria-]✧ Ety/TIR

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

tunas

noun. guard

Derivations

tud

root. watch, guard

Element in

Edain

hal(a)

verb. watch, guard

Element in

  • Ed. halad “warden” ✧ WJ/270
  • Ed. Haldad “Watchdog” ✧ WJ/270

Qenya 

tiriste

noun. *watch, guard

Cognates

  • N. tirith “watch, guard” ✧ PE22/125

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
tir-“to watch”
-ste“general action verbal suffix”

Variations

  • Tiriste ✧ PE22/125 (Tiriste)

tir-

verb. to watch

Cognates

  • N. tir- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR
  • N. tiria- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TIR “watch, guard” ✧ Ety/TIR

Element in

  • ᴹQ. halatir(no) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
  • ᴹQ. tirion “watch-tower, tower”
  • ᴹQ. tiriste “*watch, guard”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TIR > tirin[tinwe]✧ Ety/TIR

Middle Primitive Elvish

tir

root. watch, guard

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tirnō̆ “watcher”
  • ᴹQ. tir- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR
  • ᴹQ. tirion “watch-tower, tower” ✧ Ety/TIR
  • N. tir- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR
  • N. tiria- “to watch” ✧ Ety/TIR

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SKAL²; Ety/TIR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

gwar-

verb. to watch (all senses), guard

Derivations

  • ᴱ√WARA “care for, guard, watch (over)” ✧ GL/46

Element in

  • G. cathor “helmet, (lit.) head-ward” ✧ GL/25
  • G. Gwarbilin “Birdward(en)” ✧ GL/46; LT1A/Tinfang; LT2A/Amon Gwareth
  • G. Gwarestrin “Tower of Guard, Watchtower” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth; PE15/27
  • G. gwarestrin “watch-tower” ✧ GL/46
  • G. gwareth “watch, guard, ward; vigilance” ✧ GL/46; LT2A/Amon Gwareth
  • G. gwarieg “watchman, warden” ✧ GL/46
  • G. Mindon Gwar ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√u̯ar > gwar-[war-] > [gʷar-]✧ GL/46

Variations

  • gwar- ✧ GL/46; LT1A/Tinfang; LT2A/Amon Gwareth
  • Gwar ✧ LT2A/Glamhoth; PE15/27
Gnomish [GL/25; GL/46; LT1A/Tinfang; LT2A/Amon Gwareth; LT2A/Glamhoth; PE15/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwareth

noun. watch, guard, ward; vigilance

Element in

Variations

  • Gwareth ✧ LBI/Gwareth (En. Gwareth); PE15/27
Gnomish [GL/47; LBI/Gwareth; LT2A/Amon Gwareth; PE15/20; PE15/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tair

noun. look-out, watch, guard; gaze, regard

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TIRI “watch; guard; observe”
Gnomish [GL/68; GL/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

kopo

root. keep, guard‽

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶kópa
    • En. cû “bay, cove” ✧ PE13/141
  • Eq. kópa “harbour, haven, bay” ✧ LT1A/Kópas; QL/047
  • G. gob “hollow of hand” ✧ GL/40
  • G. gobos “haven” ✧ LT1A/Kópas

Variations

  • kop- ✧ GL/40
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/40; LT1A/Kópas; QL/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wara

root. care for, guard, watch (over)

This root appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√QARA “care for, guard, watch (over)” along with derivatives ᴱQ. qāra “watch, ward”, ᴱQ. qārele “watchfulness, anxiety”, and Gnomish variant gwar- (QL/76). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon G. gwar- appear with the gloss “watch (all senses)” with an apparent primitive form u̯ar “guard” (GL/46). This may represent a conceptual shift from primitive {ᴱ✶gʷar- >>} ᴱ✶war-, with earlier Qenya kʷar- being the result of the usual change whereby initial voiced stops were unvoiced [gʷ- > kʷ-]. Further evidence of this shift may be found in ᴱQ. Varavilindo, Qenya cognate of G. Gwarbilin “Birdward(en)” (GL/70), where the Qenya form was the result of w becoming v.

The most notable derivative of this root was G. gwareth “watch, guard, ward” as in G. Amon Gwareth “Hill of Watch” (LT2/158), a name that retained this form and meaning into Silmarillion drafts of the early 1930s (SM/137). In the mid-1930s, Tolkien considered changing the name to N. Amon Thoros (LR/56), but ultimately retained this name as S. Amon Gwareth into the 1950s, though without translation (WJ/200; S/126). It is thus possible this early root ᴱ√(G)WARA “guard” survived, but it just as likely that the name Amon Gwareth survived without being given a proper etymology in the Elvish languages as Tolkien imagined them in the 1950s and 60s.

Derivatives

  • Eq. qára “watch, ward” ✧ QL/076
  • G. gwar- “to watch (all senses), guard” ✧ GL/46

Element in

Variations

  • u̯ar ✧ GL/46
  • QARA ✧ QL/076
  • gwar- ✧ QL/076
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/46; QL/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tiri

root. watch; guard; observe

Derivatives

  • Eq. tiri- “to watch; to keep, guard, preserve; to look at, gaze at, observe” ✧ QL/093
  • Eq. tiris “watch, vigil, ward” ✧ LT1A/Kortirion; QL/093
  • Eq. tirne “steadfast regard, stare” ✧ QL/093
  • G. tir- “to look (out) for, watch for, await, expect” ✧ LT1A/Kortirion
  • G. tirin “watch-tower, turret, tower” ✧ LT1A/Kortirion
  • G. tair “look-out, watch, guard; gaze, regard”
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Kortirion; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gopo Reconstructed

root. keep, guard‽

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

tiri-

verb. to watch; to keep, guard, preserve; to look at, gaze at, observe

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TIRI “watch; guard; observe” ✧ QL/093

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TIRI > tiri-[tiri-]✧ QL/093
Early Quenya [MC/214; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by