calca

glass

calca noun "glass" (VT47:35); compare hyellë, cilin.

calca

noun. glass

Cognates

• T. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35; VT47/35

Derivations

• √KALAK “glass” ✧ VT47/35

Element in

• ᴺQ. calcata- “to glaze”
• ᴺQ. calcëa “glassy, of glass”
• ᴺQ. hencalcat “eye-glasses, spectacles”
• ᴺQ. moricalca “obsidian, (lit.) black glass”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KALAK > calca	[kalka]	✧ VT47/35

cilin

glass

cilin noun "glass" ("often used as in English ("often used as in English for any thing or implement made of glass") (PE17:37). Compare calca, hyellë.

cilin

noun. glass, glass [transluscent or reflective]

Element in

• Q. cilintilla “looking-glass, looking-glass, *mirror” ✧ PE17/037
• Q. cilinyul “drinking-vessel (made of glass)” ✧ PE17/037

hyellë

glass

hyellë noun "glass" (KHYEL(ES), VT45:23; the later source also provides the unglossed form hyelma, which may be a synonym of hyellë; alternatively hyellë could be "glass" as a substance, whereas hyelma_ rather refers to "a glass" as a drinking vessel). _In later sources, cilin or calca is given as the word for "glass".

alassë

joy, merriment

alassë (1) noun "joy, merriment" (GALÁS) [VT42:32; a gloss "mirth" was deleted, VT45:14]

maril

glass, crystal

maril noun "glass, crystal" (VT46:13; if this is to be the same word as the second element of Silmaril, the stem-form would be marill-, cf. pl. Silmarilli)

rillë

brilliance

rillë noun "brilliance" (both the word and the gloss are uncertain, VT46:11)

alassëa

`Cな#,F`C adjective. happy, joyous

Alassë (joy/merriment) + -a (adjectival suffix)

heledh

noun. glass

heledh

noun. glass

Cognates

• Kh. kheled “glass” ✧ RS/466

Derivations

• Kh. kheled “glass” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek

Element in

• ᴺS. heledhren “glassy, like glass, of glass”
• S. Helevorn “Black Glass” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
Kh. kheled > heleð	[kʰeled] > [xeled] > [xeleð] > [heleð]	✧ PE17/037

Variations

• heleð ✧ PE17/037; RS/466

aglar

brilliance

n. brilliance, glory. Q. alkar. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

ril

brilliance

n. brilliance, esp. used of white radiation. >> mithril

fael

noun. gleaming brilliance (of the sun)

glass

joy

1) glass (i **lass, constuct glas), pl. glais (in glais), 2) gell (i **ell) (triumph), pl. gill (i ngill = i ñill).

glass

joy

(i ’lass, constuct glas), pl. glais (in glais)

heledh

glass

heledh (i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.

heledh

glass

(i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.

aglar

brilliance

1) aglar (glitter, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl. 2) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid), 3) rill (construct ril) (flame, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

aglar

brilliance

(glitter, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl.

galad

brilliance

(i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)

bril Speculative

noun. glass, crystal

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBIRIL “*crystal”

Element in

• S. Brilthor “Glittering Torrent”
• S. cenedril “mirror, looking-glass, (lit.) looking-crystal”

gell

joy

(i ’ell) (triumph), pl. gill (i ngill = i ñill).

rill

brilliance

(construct ril) (flame, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).

fael

gleaming brilliance

. No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "fair-minded, generous, just".

calca

noun. glass

Cognates

• Q. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35; VT47/35

Derivations

• √KALAK “glass” ✧ VT47/35

kheled

noun. glass

Cognates

• S. heledh “glass” ✧ RS/466

Derivatives

• S. heledh “glass” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek
• S. Helevorn “Black Glass” ✧ PE17/037

Element in

• Kh. Kheled-zâram “Mirrormere” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466; SA/khelek

kalak

root. glass

A root appearing in etymological notes from 1968 glossed “glass” with Quenya and Telerin derivatives Q./T. calca of the same meaning (VT47/35). It seems to be a late restoration of the much earlier root ᴱ√kail(i)k or ᴱ√tail(i)k that was the basis of “glass” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s; in this early period the Qenya derivatives began with t- and the Gnomish derivatives with c- [k-] (GL/25). It may also have replaced Q. cilin (< ✱√KILIN?) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37). Given its Quenya/Telerin derivatives, √KALAK was probably coined in Aman as was also the case with earlier Q. cilin, since the Sindarin word for “glass” is the unrelated word S. heledh borrowed from Khuzdul (PE17/37).

Derivatives

• Q. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35
• T. calca “glass” ✧ VT47/35

glass

noun. joy

glass

noun. joy, *happiness

Cognates

• ᴹQ. alasse “joy, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁS

Derivations

• ᴹ√GALAS “joy, be glad” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Element in

• S. Araglas “*Royal-joy”
• N. Borlas ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GALÁS (Borlas)
• ᴺS. glassui “joyful, happy”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GALÁS > glas	[galásse] > [glasse] > [glasse] > [glass]	✧ Ety/GALÁS

Variations

• glas ✧ Ety/GALÁS
• alas- ✧ EtyAC/GALÁS (alas-)

hele

noun. glass

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hyelle “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Derivations

• On. kheleha “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
  • ᴹ✶khyelesē “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
  • ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Element in

• N. Helevorn “Black Glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. kheleha > hele	[xeleha] > [xeleh] > [xele] > [hele]	✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

glas

noun. joy

glas

noun. joy

gell

noun. joy, triumph

cenedril

noun. looking-glass, mirror